心血管内科常用英文.docx

心血管内科常用英文.docx

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心血管内科常用英文

心血管内科常用英文

Symptoms症状

chestdistress胸闷

dyspnoea呼吸困难：

paroxysmalnocturnaldyspnea,orthopnea

breathlessness气促

apoorefforttolerance 

cough咳嗽

palpitation心悸

precordialchestpain心前区胸痛

retrosternallychestpain胸骨后胸痛

precipitationbyexertion,promptlyreliefbyrestorsublingualnitrate

asenseofoppressionortightnessinthechest-likeabandaroundthechest

patientsmaycloseahandaroundthethroat,putahandorclenchedfistonthesternum

mayradiatetotheneckorjar,accompaniedbydiscomfortinthearms（referredpain）

occasionallyepigastricorinterscapular上腹部的/肩胛间的

senseofimpendingdeath濒死感

autonomicdisturbanceincludingsweating,nausea,vomiting

Signs体征

Vitalsigns生命体征

bloodpressure（systolic/diastolic,pulsepressure脉压）:

hypertension/hypotension

pulserate脉律:

regular/irregular

droppedbeat脉搏短绌

respitatoryrate:

tachypnea呼吸急促/respirationceases呼吸停止

temperature:

fever/clammyperipheries四肢湿冷

cyanosis发绀

lossofconsciousness，unconsciousness意识丧失

ticoflimbs四肢抽搐

gatism，urinaryandfecalincontinence大小便失禁

cardiacapex（4/5thICS-MCLordisplacedlaterally）心尖

palpablelift

thrill震颤

cardiacdilatation心脏扩大

largerightatrium右房大

dilatedleftventricle左室大

beatsperminute,bpm（heartrate）心率:

tachycardia/bradycardia,regular/irregularrhythm

heartsounds:

S1,S2,S3,S4

gallop奔马律,systolicclick收缩期卡嗒音,openingsnap（二尖瓣）开瓣音,

pericardialknock心包叩击音

heartmurmur心脏杂音

systolic/diastolic/continous

grade1-5

crescendo/decrescendo递增/递减

radiation

location 

pitch音调 

quality性质

pericardialfrictionrub，pericardialrub心包摩擦音

inspiratorycrepitationsoverthelungbases,basalcrackles肺底湿啰音

wheezingrale哮鸣音

cardiomegaly心脏肥大

elevatedvenouspressure 

distentionofjugularvein，jugularfilling，jugularvaricosity颈静脉怒张/充盈

hepatojugularrefluxsign肝颈静脉回流征

ascites腹水

edemaoflowerextremity下肢水肿

Hypertensivedisease高血压病

sphygmomanometer；bloodpressuregauge，BPG血压计

stethoscope听诊器

hypertension 

primaryhypertension

secondaryhypertension

chronickidneydisease,CKD

drugs:

non-steroidanti-inflammatorydrug，NSAID非甾体类抗炎药

glucocorticosteroids糖皮质激素

mineralcorticoid，MCH盐皮质激素

oralcontraceptives口服避孕药

adrenomimetic拟肾上腺素药

monoamineoxidaseinhibitor单胺氧化酶抑制剂

tricyclicantidepressant;TCA三环类抗抑郁药

immunodepressant免疫抑制剂（如ciclosporin环孢素）

erythropoietin，EPO促红细胞生成素

hyperthyrea,hyperthyroidism,hyperthyrosis甲状腺功能亢进

primaryhyperaldosteronism原发性醛固酮增多症

adrenalcorticalhyperplasia肾上腺皮质增生症

chromaffin-celltumor，chromaffinom，medullosuprarenoma， 

phaeochromocytoma，PCC嗜铬细胞瘤

sleepapneasyndrome睡眠呼吸暂停综合征

diabetesmellitus糖尿病

coarctationofaorta，COA主动脉缩窄

whitecoathypertension 

isolatedsystolichypertension单纯收缩期高血压

hypertensiveemergencies高血压急症

hypertensiveurgencies高血压亚急症

hypertensivecrisis高血压危象

hypertensiveencephalopathy高血压性脑病

Thecoronarycirculation

leftanteriordescendingartery,LAD

leftcircumflexcoronaryartery,LCX

rightcoronaryartery,RCA

Coronaryarterydisease;coronaryheartdisease，CAD,CHD冠心病

atherosclerosis动脉粥样硬化

atheromatousplaques动脉粥样斑块

plaquerupture斑块破裂

anginapectoris心绞痛

stableanginapectoris稳定性心绞痛

variantanginapectoris变异性心绞痛

silentmyocardialischemia无症状心肌缺血（latentcoronaryheartdisease隐匿性冠心病）

myocardialbridging心肌桥

post-infarctionanginapectoris梗死后心绞痛

acutecoronarysyndrome，ACS急性冠脉综合征 

unstableanginapectoris,UAP不稳定心绞痛

rest静息型,new/initial初发型，accelerated恶化型

acutemyocardialinfarction,AMI急性心肌梗死

non-STsegmentelevationMI,NSTEMI 

    STsegmentelevationMI，STEMI

suddencardiacdeath,SCD心脏性猝死

dysfunction/ruptureofpapillarymuscle乳头肌功能不全/断裂

ruptureofchordaetendineae腱索断裂

ruptureoftheheart,cardiacrupture心脏破裂

embolism栓塞（systemic体循环的）

cardiacaneurysm心脏室壁瘤

postinfarctionsyndrome心肌梗死后综合征

Fourchambers:

left/rightatrium/ventricle心房/心室（atrial心房的,ventricular心室的）

atrialseptum房间隔interventricularseptum室间隔 

Cardiacinsufficiency心功能不全，heartfailure心衰

compensated/overtheartfailure代偿性/显性心衰

congestiveheartfailure充血性心力衰竭

acute/chronicleft-sidedheartfailure急/慢性左心衰竭

intractableheartfailure难治性心衰

systolic/diastolicinsufficiencyheartfailure收缩/舒张功能不全的心衰

Theelectricalconductionsystem

sinoatrialnode

Hisbundle

rightandleftbundles

leftanteriorandposteriorhemibundles

Purkinjenetwork

Arrhythmia心律失常

triggeredactivity触发活动

re-entry折返

afterdepolarization后除极

sinusbradycardia/tachycardia窦性心动过缓/心动过速

sinuspause（sinusarrest）窦性停搏（窦性静止）

sinoatrialblock（Wenckebach文氏，Mobitz莫氏）

sicksinussyndrome（SSS）病态窦房结综合征：

bradycardia-tachycardiasyndrome 

atrialprematurebeats房性期前收缩

atrialtachycardia（automatic,reentrant,chaotic）（自律性，折返性，紊乱性）房性心动过速

atrialflutter,AFL

atrialfibrillation,AF

prematureatrioventricularjunctionalbeats房室交界性期前收缩

AVjunctionalescapebeats逸搏

paroxysmalsupraventriculartachycardia,PSVT阵发性室上性心动过速

atrioventricularnodalreentranttachycardia,AVNRT

atrioventricularreentranttachycardia,AVRT

preexcitationsyndrome（Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome）

prematureventricularbeat

ventriculartachycardia，VT（multiforme多形性，multifocal多源性）

acceleratedidioventricularrhythm加速性室性自主节律

torsadesdepointes,TDP尖端扭转

ventricularflutter

ventricularfibrillation

atrioventricularblock,AVB

Adame-Strokessyndrome阿-斯综合征

intraventricularblock

leftbundlebranchblock,LBBB

leftanteriorfascicularblock,LAFB

leftposteriorfascicularblock,LPFB

rightbundlebranchblock,RBBB

bifascicularblock双分支传导阻滞

trifascicularblock三分支传导阻滞

Valvulardiseaseoftheheart，VDH,valvularheartdisease心脏瓣膜病

mitral/tricuspid/aortic/pulmonaryvalvedisease二尖瓣/三尖瓣/主动脉瓣/肺动脉瓣疾病

acute/chronicmitralstenosis/incompetence/insufficiency狭窄/关闭不全

rheumaticfever风湿热

rheumaticcarditis风湿性心脏炎

Infectiveendocarditis,IE感染性心内膜炎

acute/subacute,native/prothetic/rightheartIE自体瓣膜/人工瓣膜

clinical/feverthermometer体温计

Cardiomyopathy心肌病

dilatedcardiomyopathy,DCM

hypertrophiccardiomyopathy,HCM（asymmetricseptal非对称性室间隔肥厚）

restrictivecardiomyopathy,RCM

arrhythmogenicrightventricularcardiomyopathy,ARVC致心律失常性右室心肌病

speciflccardiomyopathy特异性心肌病

ischemiccardiomyopathy缺血性心肌病

diabeticcardiomyopathy糖尿病性心肌病

alcoholiccardiomyopathy酒精性心肌病

peripartumcardiomyopathy围生期心肌病

cardiacamyloidosis心脏淀粉样变性

drug-inducedcardiomyopathy药物性心肌病

Keshandisease克山病，endemiccardiomyopathy地方性心肌病

unclassifiedcardiomyopathy未分类心肌病

pericardium心包 

cardiopericarditis，cardipericarditis，pericarditis心包炎

hydropericardium，pericardialeffusion，pericardialfluid心包积液

constrictivepericarditis缩窄性心包炎

Congenitalheart/cardiovasculardisease先天性心脏病/心血管病，CHD

atrialseptaldefectASD

ventricularseptaldefect,VSD

patentductusateriosus,PDA

tetralogyoffallot,TOF

Eisenmenger’ssyndrome

coarctationoftheaorta

pulmonicstenosis肺动脉狭窄

primarypulmonaryhypertension

dextrocardia右位心

completetranspositionofthegreatvessels完全性大血管错位

Diseaseofbloodvessel，vasculardisease，angiopathy血管疾病

aorticdissection主动脉夹层

primaryarteritisortheaortaanditsmainbranches多发性大动脉炎

peripheralarteriosclerosisobliterans闭塞性周围动脉硬化

thromboangitisobliterans（Buergerdisease）闭塞性血栓性脉管炎（Buerger病）

thrombophlebitis血栓性静脉炎

superficialthrombophlebitis血栓性浅静脉炎

deepvenousthrombosis深静脉血栓形成

superiorvenacavaobstructionsyndrome上腔静脉阻塞综合征

Cardiacarrest心脏骤停

cardiogenicshock心源性休克

syncope晕厥

vasovagalsyncope,VVS血管迷走性晕厥

posturalhypotension体位性低血压

Cardiogenicsyncope心源性晕厥

transientischemicattack,TIA短暂性缺血发作

syndromeXX综合征

cardiacneurosis心脏神经官能症

Tests常用检查

electrolytedisturbance:

hypokalaemia,hyponatraemia,hypomagnesaemia,hyperkalaemia

aterialbloodgasanalysis:

acidosis/alkalosis碱中毒（metabolic代谢性，respiratory呼吸性）

hyperlipoidemia高脂血症：

hypertriglyceridemia高甘油三酯血症triglyceride甘油三酯

hypercholesterolemia高胆固醇血症cholesterol胆固醇

plasmalow-densitylipoprotein（LDL）concentration

lipoprotein（a）,LP

 脂蛋白

Apo,apopoprotein载脂蛋白

enzymogram/zymogramofthecardiacmuscle心肌酶谱

CK-MB,MBisoenzymeofcreatinekinase心肌型肌酸激酶同功酶

AST,aspartateaminotransferase天冬氨酸转氨酶

LDH,lactatedehydrogenase乳酸脱氢酶 

myohemoglobin肌红蛋白

troponinTandI肌钙蛋白

brainnatriureticpeptide,BNP脑钠肽

bloodculture 

chestradiograph：

cardiothoracicration<0.5

electrocardiography,ECG心电图

standard12-leadECG（limbleads,chestleads）

exercise/stressECG负荷心电图

HolterECGmonitoring,ambulatoryECG动态心电图

Twaveflatteningorinversion

reversibleSTsegmentdepression/elevation（planar,downsloping,upsloping）

wideQRScomplex 

pathologicQwave

lateventricularpotential,LVP心室晚电位

TwaveelectricalalternationsT波电交替

uprighttilt-tabletesting,head-uptilttesting直立倾斜试验

cardiacelectrophysiologicstudy心电生理检查：

programmedelectricalstimulation

sinusnoderecoverytime,SNRT窦房结恢复时间

sinoatrialconductiontime,SACT窦房结传导时间

echocardiography超声心动图

two-dimensionalechocardiography

Dopplerechocardiography

colorDopplerflowimaging

Dopplertissueimaging多普勒组织成像技术

transesophagealechocardiography经食管超声心动图

intravascularultrasound血管内超声

stressechocardiography负荷心超图

ejectionfraction（0.50-0.75）

ambulatorybloodpressuremonitoring动态血压监测

coronaryangiography冠脉造影

cardiaccatheterization心导管术

cardiacradionuclide（bloodpool）scanning 

Management处理

avoidahighdietarysaltintake

avoidsevereexertionandvigorousexercise 

avoidaheavymealorverycoldwater

avoidagitation情绪激动

stopsmoking，alcoholwithdrawal

keepbowelsopen通便:

lactulose乳果糖，Bisacody便塞停，sennaleaves;sennae,folium番泻叶

analgesia镇痛：

morphine吗啡，meperidine，pethidine哌替啶

takesublingualnitratebeforeundertakingexertiontharmayinduceangina

interventionaltherapyforcardiovasculardiseases介入治疗

radiofrequencycatheterablation,RFCA经导管射频消融

coronaryrevascularizationtherapy冠脉血运重建术；reperfusiontherapy再灌注治疗

percutaneouscoronaryintervention,PCI经皮冠脉介入治疗

percut