上海工程技术大学管理信息系统复习.docx
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上海工程技术大学管理信息系统复习
MIS Revision
Chapter1
•Growing interdependence between ability to use information technology
and ability to implement corporate strategies and achieve corporate goals
•Business firms invest heavily in information systems to achieve six
strategic business objectives:
1. Operational excellence
2. New products, services, and business models
3. Customer and supplier intimacy
4. Improved decision making
5. Competitive advantage
6. Survival
利用信息技术和能力，实现公司战略和实现企业目标的能力之间日益相互依存
商业公司大量投资于信息系统，实现六个战略业务目标：
1.卓越运营
2.新产品，服务和商业模式
3.客户和供应商的亲密关系
4.改善决策
5.竞争优势
6.生存
•Information system:
–Set of interrelated components
–Collect, process, store, and distribute information
–Support decision making, coordination, and control
•Information vs. data
–Data are streams of raw facts
–Information is data shaped into meaningful form
信息系统：
- 设置相互关联的组成部分
- 收集，处理，存储和分发信息
- 支持决策，协调和控制
•信息与数据
- 数据是原始事实流
- 信息是数据的形成有意义的形式
•Three activities of information systems produce information organizations need
1.Input:
Captures raw data from organization or external environment
2.Processing:
Converts raw data into meaningful form
3.Output:
Transfers processed information to people or activities that use it
信息系统的三项活动产生的信息组织需要
输入：
从捕获的组织或外部环境的原始数据
处理：
原始数据转换成有意义的形式
输出：
传输处理的信息来使用它的人或活动
Information Systems Are More Than Computers
Using information systems effectively requires an understanding of the organization,
management, and information technology shaping the systems. An information system creates
value for the firm as an organizational and management solution to challenges posed by the
environment.
利用信息系统需要有效的组织，管理和信息技术塑造系统的理解。
一个信息系统，为公司
作为一个组织和管理解决方案被环境所带来的挑战创造价值。
Q:
Complementary Assets?
•In order to obtain meaningful value from information systems, organizations must
support their technology investments with appropriate complementary investments in
organizations and management.
•These complementary assets include new business models and business processes,
supportive organizational culture and management behavior, appropriate technology
standards, regulations, and laws.
•New information technology investments are unlikely to produce high returns unless
businesses make the appropriate managerial and organizational changes to support
the technology.
为了从信息系统中获得有意义的价值，企业必须支持他们的技术投资，在组织和管理的适
当补充投资。
这些互补性资产，包括新的业务模式和业务流程，支持组织文化和管理行为，相应的技术
标准，法规和法律。
新的信息技术投资，不太可能产生高回报，除非企业做出适当的管理和组织变革，以支持
该技术。
Using Information Systems to Achieve Competitive Advantage
•Business value chain model
–Views firm as series of activities that add value to products or services
–Highlights activities where competitive strategies can best be applied
•Primary activities vs. support activities
–At each stage, determine how information systems can improve operational
efficiency and improve customer and supplier intimacy
–Utilize benchmarking, industry best practices
企业价值链模型
浏览次数事务所作为一系列的增值产品或服务的活动
那里的竞争策略才能最好地应用亮点活动
主要活动与辅助活动
在每个阶段，确定信息系统如何能够提高运营效率，改善客户与供应商的亲密关系
利用标杆，行业最佳实践
Business Processes and Information Systems
•Business processes:
–Workflows of material, information, knowledge
–Sets of activities, steps
–May be tied to functional area or be cross-functional
•Businesses:
Can be seen as collection of business processes
•Business processes may be assets or liabilities
业务流程：
的材料，信息，知识工作流程
活动组，步骤
可连接到功能区或跨功能
商家：
可以看作是收集业务流程
业务流程可能是资产或负债
Chapter2
Types of Information Systems
•Transaction processing systems
–Perform and record daily routine transactions necessary to conduct business
•Examples:
sales order entry, payroll, shipping
–Allow managers to monitor status of operations and relations with external
environment
–Serve operational levels
–Serve predefined, structured goals and decision making
事务处理系统
执行和记录必要进行业务的日常交易
例如：
销售订单录入，工资单，发货
允许管理者监控业务，并与外部环境的关系状态
服务运营水平
预定义的服务，结构化的目标和决策
•Management information systems
–Serve middle management
–Provide reports on firm’s current performance, based on data from TPS
–Provide answers to routine questions with predefined procedure for
answering them
–Typically have little analytic capability
管理信息系统
担任中层管理人员
提供对公司目前的业绩报告的基础上，从 TPS 数据
解答常规问题与预定义的程序，他们回答
一般没有什么分析能力
•Decision support systems
–Serve middle management
–Support non-routine decision making
•Example:
What is impact on production schedule if December sales
doubled?
–Often use external information as well from TPS and MIS
–Model driven DSS
•Voyage-estimating systems
–Data driven DSS
•Intrawest’s marketing analysis systems
决策支持系统
担任中层管理人员
支持非例行决策
例如：
什么是对生产计划的影响，如果月销售额增加了一倍？
经常使用外部信息以及从 TPS 和 MIS
模型驱动的决策支持系统
航程估算系统
数据驱动的决策支持系统
Intrawest 酒店的市场营销分析系统
Chapter3
•Business intelligence
–Class of software applications
–Analyze current and historical data to find patterns and trends and aid
decision-making
–Used in systems that support middle and senior management
•Data-driven DSS
•Executive support systems （ESS）
商业智能
软件应用类
分析当前和历史数据来发现规律和趋势，并帮助决策
用于支持中高级管理系统
数据驱动的决策支持系统
行政支持系统（ESS）
Business Intelligence in the Enterprise
•Business intelligence
–Infrastructure for collecting, storing, analyzing data produced by business
–Databases, data warehouses, data marts
•Business analytics
–Tools and techniques for analyzing data
–OLAP, statistics, models, data mining
•Business intelligence vendors
–Create business intelligence and analytics purchased by firms
商业智能
基础设施，用于收集，存储，分析业务产生的数据
数据库，数据仓库，数据集市
业务分析
工具和技术，用于分析数据
OLAP，数据统计，模型，数据挖掘
商务智能厂商
创建商业智能和分析了企业购买
Types of Information Systems
Enterprise Application Architecture
Enterprise applications automate processes that span multiple business functions and
organizational levels and may extend outside the organization.
信息系统的类型
企业应用架构
企业应用程序自动跨越多个业务功能和组织水平，并可能延长该组织以外的进程。
Management Structure for Information Systems Projects
[1]:
_Corporate strategic planning group_.
[2]:
_ IS steering committee.
[3]:
_ Project Management_.
[4]:
_ Project Team_
信息系统项目管理架构
[1]：
_企业战略规划 GROUP_。
[2]：
_ IS 指导委员会。
[3]：
_项目 Management_。
[4]：
_项目组_
Enterprise Systems
•Enterprise Systems
–Also called “enterprise resource planning （ERP） systems”
–Suite of integrated software modules and a common central database
–Collects data from many divisions of firm for use in nearly all of firm’s internal
business activities
–Information entered in one process is immediately available for other
processes
企业系统
•企业系统
- 也被称为“企业资源规划（ERP）系统”
- 集成软件模块套件和一个共同的中央数据库
- 从公司的许多部门用于收集在几乎所有的公司的内部业务活动的数据
- 在一个过程中输入的信息，可立即用于其他进程
Types of Information Systems
•Supply chain management （SCM） systems
–Manage firm’s relationships with suppliers
–Share information about
•Orders, production, inventory levels, delivery of products and services
–Network of organizations and processes for:
•Procuring raw materials
•Transforming them into products
•Distributing the products
信息系统的类型
•供应链管理（SCM）系统
- 管理与供应商的公司的关系
- 关于股票信息
•订单，生产，库存水平，提供产品和服务
- 网络的组织和流程：
•采购原材料
•转化成产品
•配送产品
Supply Chain Management Systems
•Information and supply chain management
–Inefficiencies cut into a company’s operating costs
•Can waste up to 25% of operating expenses
–Just-in-time strategy:
•Components arrive as they are needed
•Finished goods shipped after leaving assembly line
–Safety stock
•Buffer for lack of flexibility in supply chain
–Bullwhip effect
Information about product demand gets distorted as it passes from one entity to next across
supply chain
供应链管理系统
•信息与供应链管理
- 效率低下切成公司的运营成本
•会浪费高达营运开支 25％
- 刚刚在时间策略：
•在需要时到达的组件
•离开装配线后，制成品运
- 安全库存
•缓冲区缺乏供应链的灵活性
- 牛鞭效应
有关产品需求信息被扭曲，因为它传递从一个实体到下一个跨越供应链
Types of Information Systems
•Customer relationship management systems:
–Provide information to coordinate all of the business processes that deal with
customers in sales, marketing, and service to optimize revenue, customer
satisfaction, and customer retention
–Integrate firm’s customer-related processes and consolidate customer
information from multiple communication channels
信息系统的类型
•客户关系管理系统：
- 提供信息，以协调所有与客户打交道的销售，营销和服务的业务流程，优化收入，客户
满意度和客户保留
- 整合企业的客户相关的流程，并从多个沟通渠道整合客户信息
Customer Relationship Management Systems
•Knowing the customer
–In large businesses, too many customers and too many ways customers
interact with firm
•Customer relationship management （CRM） systems
–Capture and integrate customer data from all over the organization
–Consolidate and analyze customer data
–Distribute customer information to various systems and customer touch
points across enterprise
–Provide single enterprise view of customers
客户关系管理系统
•了解客户
- 在大型企业，客户太多，太多的方式与客户互动公司
•客户关系管理（CRM）系统
- 捕获和来自全国各地的企业整合客户数据
- 巩固和分析客户数据
- 分发客户信息的各种系统和客户接触点的跨企业
- 为客户提供单一企业视图
Types of Information Systems
•Knowledge management systems （KMS）
–Support processes for acquiring, creating, storing, distributing, applying,
integrating knowledge
•How to create, produce, distribute products and services
–Collect internal knowledge and experience within firm and make it available
to employees
–Link to external sources of knowledge
信息系统的类型
•知识管理系统（KMS）
- 获取，创建，存储，分发，应用，整合知识支持流程
•如何创建，生产，销售的产品和服务
- 收集内部知识和经验，在公司，并使其员工使用
- 链接到知识的外部来源
Chapter9
Enterprise Systems
•Enterprise Systems
–Also called “enterprise resource planning （ERP） systems”
–Suite of integrated software modules and a common central database
–Collects data from many divisions of firm for use in nearly all of firm’s internal
business activities
–Information entered in one process is immediately available for other
processes
企业系统
也被称为“企业资源规划（ERP）系统”
集成的软件模块套件和一个共同的中央数据库
从公司的许多部门用在几乎所有的公司的内部业务活动中收集数据
在一个过程中输入的信息，立即可用于其他进程
:
How do customer relationship management systems help firms achieve customer intimacy?
•Customer relationship management （CRM） systems integrate and automate customer-
facing processes in sales, marketing, a
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