英语阅读理解专项及解析.docx

英语阅读理解专项及解析.docx

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英语阅读理解专项及解析

英语阅读理解专项及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Bambooisoneoftheworld'smostusefulplants.Forthousandsofyears,bamboohasbeenusedinmanydifferentways-fromfoodtomedicinetoclothingand,insmallways,asabuildingmaterial.

   However,bambooisnotoftenusedasabuildingmaterialinthedevelopedworld.AprofessorattheUniversityofPittsburghinPennsylvaniaistryingtochangethat.Theprofessorandhisstudentsaretestingthestrengthofbamboo.Theyaretestinghowmuchpressureorweightitcantakebeforebreaking.

   KentHarriesisaprofessorattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Harriessaysthattestingmethodsforbambooneedtobethesameforall.Theyneedtobestandardized.Standardizingtestmethodsforbamboowillhelptobringtheplantintocommonuse.Itwillalsogiveengineersandbuildersaroundtheworldadependablestandard.

   Harriessaysthatbambooisstronginnature.Thestrengthofatleastthreespeciesofbambooissimilartosteel.Besidesitsstrength,bamboohasotherfeaturesthatmakeitveryusefulinbuilding.Hesaysitisresilient（有弹力的）,meaningitkeepsitsshapeandstrengthevenunderpressure.

   Bambooalsogrowsquickly.Bamboothatissuitableforconstructionneedsmuchlessresourcesthanwood.Theharvestcycleofbambooisabout3years.Softwoodssuchascedar,pineandsprucehaveaharvestcycleofabout10years.Andhardwoodsthatcomefromfloweringplantssuchasoakandwalnutneedmorethan30years.

   Bambooiswidelyusedasfoodforpandabears.Itisalsousedforflooringandwindowcovers.However,forbuilding,bambooisnotusedmuchoutsideitsnativegrowingarea.Thisismostlybecauseofitsroundshape.Butthereareotherreasonstoo.Peoplethink--orhavethementality--thatbambooisalowqualitybuildingmaterial.

（1）Whatistheauthormainlytalkingaboutinthepassage?

A. Makebambooacommonbuildingmaterial.         

B. Takeadvantageofbambooinoureveryday.

C. Considerbambootobeacommonplant.         

D. Usebambootoreplacebuildingmaterials.

（2）WhatisthepurposeofwhatKentHarriesandhisstudentsdid?

A. Toprovewhatisthemostusefulplant.         

B. Tointroducebambootothedevelopedworld.

C. Togiveengineersandbuilderssomeadvice.         

D. Tomakesureofthestrengthofbamboo.

（3）WhatdoesHarriesthinkofbamboointhepassage?

A. Harriesseesbambooasagreatbuildingmaterial.         

B. Harriesthinksbambooisasstrongassteel.

C. HarriesseesbambooasthemostidealPlant.         

D. Harriesthinksbamboohasthereliableshape.

（4）Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A. Bambooisanenvironmentallyfriendlybuildingmaterial.         

B. Bamboomaterialwillgotothemarketinthesoonfuture.

C. Hardwoodsaremuchmorepopularthansoftwoods.         

D. Bamboogrowsnotonlyfasterbuttakesuplessspace.

【答案】

（1）A

（2）D

（3）A

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了竹子是世界上最有用的植物之一。

几千年来，竹子被广泛地应用于各个方面，然而，在发达国家，竹子并没有经常地被应用于建筑领域。

KentHarries教授试图改变这一点。

他和他的学生们测试了竹子的受压力量。

KentHarries教授认为是一种很好的建筑材料。

（1）考查主旨大意。

本文讲述了KentHarries和他的学生所做的实验，实验的目的是测试竹子能否当作建筑材料来使用。

故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Theprofessorandhisstudentsaretestingthestrengthofbamboo．”可知，教授和他的学生做实验的目的是测试竹子的承受力，故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段可知，KentHarries认为竹子结实、有弹力、能承受压力，是有用的建筑材料，由此可知他的观点是竹子是种很好的建筑材料。

故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段可知，竹子长得很快，其生长为三年，而针叶木材则需10年，阔叶树时间更长，由此可知，竹子是种很环保的建筑材料。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Payingahigherpricethanusualforatickettoseeafilmin3Distheannoyanceofmanyacinema-goer'slife.

   Buttheremaybeabenefittodoingso,asastudyhasfoundthat3Dfilmsexercisethebrainandimproveshort-termfunctioninginasimilarwaytobrain-trainingtests.

   Theresearchfoundthatpeoplewhowatchedamoviein3Dimprovedcognitive（认知）skills,comparedtothosewhowatcheditin2D.

   Theresearchwasledbyneuroscientist（神经学家）DrPatrickFaganfromGoldsmithsUniversityinLondon.Morethan100peopletookpartintheexperiment,whereparticipantswatchedDisneyfilmBigHero6ineitherstandardformatorRealD3D.

   Theyalsocarriedoutabrain-training-styletestbeforeandafterseeingasectionfromthefilm.Thetestcoveredmemory,reactiontimesandcognitivefunctionandtheresultswerecomparedlater.

   Accordingtotheresearch,whichwascarriedoutinpartnershipwithsciencegroupThrillLaboratory,participantsexperienceda23percentincreaseincognitiveprocessing,aswellasan11percentincreaseinreactiontimes.

   DrFagansaidthattheresultsshowedenoughofanimprovementinbrainfunctiontosuggestthat3Dcouldplayapartinimprovingbrainpowerinthefuture.

   "Thesefindingsaremoresignificantthanyoumightthink,"hesaid."Itisafactthatpeoplearelivinglongerandthereisanoticeabledeclineincognitivebrainfunctioninoldagewhichcanworsenfuturequalityoflife.Therehasneverbeenabettertimetolookatwaystoimprovebrainfunction.Theinitialresultsofthisstudyshowthat3Dfilmsmaypotentiallyplayaroleinslowingthisdecline."

   Asecondpartoftheexperimentinvolvedthosewatchingthefilmbeingfittedwithheadsetsthatscannedbrainactivityandthistooshowedheightened（加强的）activitywhenwatching3D.Accordingtotheresults,participantsweresevenpercentmoreengagedwithwhattheywerewatching,addingtoargumentthat3Dmoviesaremorelikewatchingreal-life—somethingProfessorBrendanWalkerfromThrillLaboratoryagreedwith.

   "AsProfessorBrendanWalker'stestconcluded,3Dfilmsaremoreattractiveandheightenthesenses—this,inturn,makesthebrainrunatquickerspeeds,"DrFagansaid.

（1）Accordingtotheresearch,peoplewatchingamoviein3D________.

A. haveagoodexercisefortheirbrain           

B. losetheirshortmemoryofitsplots

C. arewillingtopayahighpricefortickets   

D. reactthesamewayasthosewatchingitin2D

（2）Whatcanbelearnedfromtheresearch?

A. Watching2Dfilmslimitsbrainfunction.

B. 3Dwouldbeacontributingfactorinimprovingbrainpower.

C. Thetestwascarriedoutafterthewholefilmwasviewed.

D. Theparticipantstookthebrain-training-styletestonce.

（3）Paragraph8ismainlyabout________.

A. theapplicationof3D                                       

B. thedisadvantagesof2Dfilms

C. thechangeinbrainfunction                           

D. thesignificanceofthestudy

（4）Thetextismostlikelytoappearin________.

A. asportsnewspaper       

B. abiologytextbook       

C. asciencemagazine       

D. afilmreview

【答案】

（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文介绍3D电影对人的大脑的益处。

（1）细节理解题。

根据第二段asastudyhasfoundthat3Dfilmsexercisethebrainandimproveshort-termfunctioninginasimilarwaytobrain-trainingtests.可知，看3D电影能锻炼大脑。

故选A。

（2）推理判断题。

根据第二段Buttheremaybeabenefittodoingso,asastudyhasfoundthat3Dfilmsexercisethebrainandimproveshort-termfunctioninginasimilarwaytobrain-trainingtests.可知，3D电影是一个促进大脑力量的因素。

故选B。

（3）段落大意题。

根据第八段第一句Thesefindingsaremoresignificantthanyoumightthink（这些发现比你想象的更重要）可知，选D。

（4）推理判断题。

3D电影是高科技产品，所以这篇文章最有可能出现在科学杂志上，故选C。

3．阅读理解

   OhmyGod,therobotsaretakingover!

We'redoomed!

Doomed!

NowthatI'vegottenthatoutofmysystem,it'sbecomeclearthatwhilewemayormaynotbedoomed,therobotsaretakingover.Thelatestexampleisthegovernment'snewguidelinesforself-drivingcars.

   Tesla,GoogleandUberarealreadytestingdriverlesscarsincitiesacrossAmerica.UberchiefexecutiveTravisKalanickisamongthosepredictingthatby2021,self-drivingcarswillplayabigpartinurbansettings.

   Nearly40,000peoplediedlastyearinthisnationinautomobile-relatedaccidents,andwebelievesdriverlesscarscansavetensofthousandsoflivesannually.

   Makessense.Robotdriversarelesslikelytogetdrunk,drivewithoutalicense,textwhiledrivingorfeelagitatedatthesceneofapileup.Ontheotherhand,Iwonderhowthesehighlysensitivecarswillreact,withwalkersconstantlydashingintothestreet.Willtheyjamonthebrakesevery10seconds?

   Butthere'sabiggerpicture.Notonlyarerobotsreplacinghumansbehindthewheel,butbehindtheworkdesk,inwarehouses,seniorhomes,younameit.Robotsaren'tjusttakingoverintheworkplace.

   Thequestionis,wherecan'tarobotfunctionbetterthanahuman?

Howaboutwritingsongs?

Arobotcangothrougheverycombinationofnotesinrecordtimeandcomeupwithapleasingmelody.Thelyricsmightbeadifferentstory.IsaGrammy-winningsongco-writtenbyHankHumanandR-3071inourfuture?

   Finally,it'sonlyamatteroftimeuntilwehaverobotpoliticiansandpresidentialcandidates.Whynot?

Theycanbeprogrammedtobeexpertsinworldanddomesticaffairsandcomeupwiththebestsolutionswithoutcorruptionandbadhumors.

    Actually,it'stoobadsuchtechnologyisn'tavailablein2016.Prettysuretherobotwouldwininalandslide.

（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“agitated”mean?

A. Tired                              

B. Cautious                              

C. Careful                              

D. Anxious

（2）Whatdoubtdoesthewriterhaveaboutself-drivingcars?

A. Howpassengersbehaveinit.                         

B. Howrobotdriversgetthelicense.

C. Howtheyavoidcrashingintoothercar.          

D. Howtheyrespondtowalkersonabusystreet.

（3）Thelastquestionsaskedinthesixthparagraphreflectsthewriter’s________.

A. confidenceinrobots,winningGrammyAwards          

B. eagernesstolistentosongswrittenbyrobots

C. doubtaboutrobots’abilitytowritesongs          

D. curiosityabou