四级英语模拟题.docx

四级英语模拟题.docx

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四级英语模拟题

PartIWriting（30minutes）

Directions：

Forthispart，youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic：

ToBeaSmallFishinaBigPondoraBigFishinaSmallPond？

Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese：

1.大学生就业趋势

2.大学生自主创业的特点

3.我的选择

ToBeaSmallFishinaBigPondoraBigFishinaSmallPond？

PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

Directions：

Inthispart，youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7，mark

Y（forYES）ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

N（forNO）ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

NG（forNOTGIVEN）iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

Forquestions8-10，completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

ToSaveTrees，FightingOneAlienInsectwithOthers

Rustyrheasighswistfullyashetalksaboutthebeautyandpeaceofstandingamidagrove（小树林）ofdeepgreenhemlocksinAppalachia，someofthemupto160feet（50meters）tallandmorethan500yearsold.

“Thisisaveryspecialtree，”saidRhea，anentomologistfortheU.S.ForestService‘sForestHealthProtectionprograminAsheville，NorthCarolina，“Iwasbroughtuphere，andIdon’twanttoseeanotherspeciesgobythewayside.”

Theevergreentrees，ahallmarkofsouthernAppalachia‘snationalparks，areunderattackbyaninvasiveinse4ctbarelyvisibletotheeyebutpotentenoughtofellthegiantsoftheeasternUnitedStates’old-growthforests.

AlreadythetinybugfromJapan，knownasthehemlockwoollyadelgid（HWA），haskilledupwardof95percentofthehemlocksinVirginia‘sShenandoahNationalPark.Nowtheyaremakingtheirwaythroughthehalf-million-plus-acre（200，000-plus-hectare）GreatSmokyMountainsNationalParkinNorthCarolinaandTennessee.

Thehemlocksshadestreams，keepingwatertemperaturesjustrightforbrooktrout（鲑鱼）andotherfish.Theyalsohousebirdssuchastheblack-throatedgreenwarbler，solitaryvireo，andnortherngoshawk，allthreeofwhichmainlyshelterinstandsofhemlocktrees.

Becauseoftheinsect’sbroadimpactontheentireecosystemofsouthernAppalachia，HWAstandstocausewiderdamagethantheAmericanchestnutblight（枯萎病）oftheearly1900s.ThatfungusfromEuropekilledofftheoncedominantchestnuttreesfromthenortheastUnitedStatestothesouthernAppalachianMountains.

Inaddition，aspeciesrelatedtoHWA，thebalsamwoollyadelgid，hasalreadykilledabout90percentofthematureFraserfirtreesintheSmokies.

ActingQuickly

HWAarrivedintheU.S.PacificNorthwestvianurseryplantsfromJapanin1924.By1951thetinyinvaderhadbeenfoundinVirginia.Sincethentheinsecthasspreadtomorethan15U.S.states.

ThekeytokillingtheHWAistocatchitearlyandactquickly.It‘salreadywellestablishedintheGreatSmokyMountains，whereRheaandothersaretryingtostemthespreadofthebugs.

HWAmultiplyquickly：

Alloftheinsectsarefemalesthatreproduceasexually（无性地），layingseveralhundredeggsayear.Whentheygettothenymph，orcrawler，stage，theyaredormantfromaboutJuneuntilOctober，afterwhichtheyemergeandestablishthemselvesontrees.

Windsandbirdsandotheranimalsspreadthecrawlersthroughtheforest.

HWAcrawlersfeedonthenewgrowthofhemlocksbypiercingthetwigsthatholdthebranches，suckingthesap，andinjectingtoxicsaliva.Theneedlesturnfromadeepgreentoagrayishgreenandeventuallydie，deprivingthetreeofnutritionfromphotosynthesis.

Aninfectedtreeusuallydieswithinfiveyearsofinitialattack.Infectionissignaledbyeitherawhite，cottonlikematerialthatappearsalongatree’stwigsorbythe“baldness”ofatree‘supperbranches.

PlansofAttack

InthePacificNorthwestthehemlocksseemtobetolerantofthecreatures’feeding，andinthecoldnortheast，wintersseemtokeepthematbay.Butinthewarmsoutheast，withweatherapproximatingthatoftheinsects‘nativeAsianhomes，theythrive.

Chemicalsprays-suchasinsecticidalsoapsandhorticulturaloilsaswellastrunkorsoilinjections-havehelpedtokillsomeoftheHWAinfestations.

Butsprayingmustberepeatedeverysixmonths，andinjectionsareexpensiveandlastonlytwoyearsatmost.Thesemethodscan’tbeusedconvenientlyorsafelyinremoteareasornearthestreamswherehemlocksgrowthickly.

Longterm，thebestwaytocontrolthepestsappearstobereleasingotherinsectsthatfeedexclusivelyonHWA.ScientistshavestudiedHWAinJapanandChinaandidentifiedthreesuchspecies.Oneofthem，theSasajiscymnustsugae（St）beetle，wasreleasedinareasofGreatSmokyMountainsNationalParkin2002.

Studyingwhatcontrolsaspeciesinitsnativehabitat-includingclimate，predators，andhostresistance-providedcluesaboutwhichinsectstouseagainstHWA，saidKristineJohnson.BasedinGatlinburg，Tennessee，JohnsonisasupervisoryforesterforGreatSmokyMountainsNationalPark.

“Biologicalcontrolistheonlylong-termhopetosavethetreesinthebackcountry（穷乡僻壤），”shesaid.“Wehave800squaremiles（2，100squarekilometers）ofcontiguouswilderness.Wevaluethenativeforest，andit‘sentirelyworthdefending.”

RiskyBusiness

Releasingonespeciesofnon-nativebugtokillanothercouldberiskybusiness，potentiallycreatinganothertypeofinfestation.ButscientistsfirstquarantinedandstudiedtheHWA-killerinsects.

TheybelievetheStbeetlesarethebestanswertotheHWAproblemandthattheywon’tcausesidedamage.Thistinyblackfemalebeetle，thesizeofapoppyseed，isalreadyspreadingintheGreatSmokyMountains.

ButthebeetleandotherHWA-killerinsectsareseasonal，soitwilltakeseveraldifferentonesoperatingyear-roundtokeepHWAincheck，Rheasaid.Hedoesn‘tbelieveHWAwillbecompletelyeradicated（根除）butwillinsteadbekeptinbalancebythepredatorinsects.“We’retryingtoinsertabalanceinasystemthat‘soutofbalance，”hesaid.

EachStbeetlecanlay200to300eggs，saidErnestBernard，professorofentomologyattheUniversityofTennesseeinKnoxville.

Bernard’slaboratoryisoneofseveralthatarebreedingthebeetles.

“Eachbeetleeatshundredsofbabyadelgidsayear，”hesaid.Andabout120，000ofthebeetleshavebeenreleasedinthepastcoupleyearsintheSmokies，butitisstilltooearlytomeasuretheirimpact.

Onegoodsign，Bernardsaid，isthatsomebeetlelarvae（幼虫）havebeenfoundinareaswheretheywerenotreleased，indicatingthattheHWAkillersmaybereproducingandspreading.

1.Thepassagegivesageneraldescriptionofaninvasiveinsect，HWA.

2.HemlockisahallmarkofsouthernAppalachia‘snationalparks.

3.Theinvasiveinsect，knownasthehemlockwoollyadelgid（HWA），isfromJapan.

4.ThekeytokillingtheHWAistocatchitearlyandactquickly.

5.Aninfectedtreeusuallydiesimmediately.

6.TheHemlockintheU.S.willbesavedfromHWAsoon.

7.Thelongterm，bestwaytocontrolthepestsHWAisspraying.

8.Since1951theHWAhasspreadtomorethan________.

9.Releasingonespeciesofnon-nativebugtokillanothercouldcreate________.

10.Itwilltakeseveraldifferentinsectsoperatingyear-roundto________.

PartIIIListeningComprehension（35minutes）

SectionA

Directions：

Inthissection，youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation，oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause，youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked［A］，［B］，［C］and［D］，anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

11.［A］1016.

［B］1060.

［C］508.

［D］580.

12.［A］Fatheranddaughter.

［B］Uncleandniece.

［C］Auntandnephew.

［D］Cousins.

13.［A］Shewasn’tinvited.

［B］Shewasn‘treadytocome.

［C］Shealteredherdecision.

［D］Sheforgottheinvitation.

14.［A］Thedoorneedsrepairing.

［B］Hehadlostallhiskeys.

［C］Hecouldn’topenthedoor.

［D］Hewantedthewomantohelphim.

15.［A］She‘sratherhappytohearso.

［B］She’sdisappointedtohearso.

［C］She‘sunhappytohearso.

［D］She’ssurprisedtohearso.

16.［A］Hethoughtitwasagoodcar.

［B］Hethoughtitwastoonoisy.

［C］Hethoughttherewassomethingwrongwiththecar.

［D］Hdidn‘tlikeit.

17.［A］Inacar.

［B］Inatrain.

［C］Inaship.

［D］Inaplane.

18.［A］She’llgototheconcert.

［B］She‘llhaveameeting.

［C］She’llwatchherneighbor‘schildren.

［D］She’llvisitherneighbor.

Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.［A］Theearlyhistoryofbookbinding.

［B］Howoldbooksbecomevaluable.

［C］Economicalwaystoprotectoldbooks.

［D］Whysomebooksdecay.

20.［A］Theyareoftenhandledimproperlybyreaders.

［B］Thepaperisdestroyedbychemicals.

［C］Theinkusedinprintingdamagesthepaper.

［D］Theglueusedinthebindinglosesitsstrength.

21.［A］Theyaredifficulttoread.

［B］Theyareslowlyfallingapart.

［C］Theywerenotmadefromwoodpulp.

［D］Theyshouldbestoredinacoldplace.

22.［A］Getsomebooksforthemantolookat.

［B］Askthemantolookoverhernotes.

［C］Continueherresearchinthelibrary.

［D］Findmoreinformationonhowbooksarepreserved.

Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

23.［A］Whichmajorthewomanwillbechoosing.

［B］Ananthropologycoursethewomanistaking.

［C］Howtofindajobinpublishing.

［D］Whichanthropologyprofessorsthemanrecommends.

24.［A］Itisnotasdifficultasshehadt