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Selenium

SeleniumUI-ElementReference

Introduction

UI-ElementisaSeleniumfeaturethatmakesitpossibletodefineamappingbetweensemanticallymeaningfulnamesofelementsonwebpages,andtheelementsthemselves.ThemappingisdefinedusingJavaScriptObjectNotation,andmaybesharedbothbytheIDEandtestsrunviaSeleniumRC.Italsooffersasinglepointofupdateshouldtheuserinterfaceoftheapplicationundertestchange.

Terminology

Page

AuniqueURL,andthecontentsavailablebyaccessingthatURL.Apagetypicallyconsistsofseveralinteractivepageelements.ApagemayalsobeconsideredaDOMdocumentobject,completewithURLinformation.

Pageelement

Anelementontheactualwebpage.Generallyspeaking,anelementisanythingtheusermightinteractwith,oranythingthatcontainsmeaningfulcontent.Morespecifically,anelementisrealizedasaDocumentObjectModel（DOM）nodeanditscontents.Sowhenwerefertoapageelement,wemeanbothofthefollowing,atthesametime:

∙somethingonthepage

∙itsDOMrepresentation,includingitsrelationshipwithotherpageelements

Pageset

Asetofpagesthatsharesomesetofcommonpageelements.Forexample,Imightbeabletologintomyapplicationfromseveraldifferentpages.Ifcertainpageelementsoneachofthosepagesappearsimilarly（i.e.theirDOMrepresentationsareidentical）,thosepagescanbegroupedintoapagesetwithrespecttothesepageelements.Thereisnorestrictiononhowmanypagesetsagivenpagecanbeamemberof.Similarly,aUIelementbelongtomultiplepagesets.ApagesetiscommonlyrepresentedbyaregularexpressionwhichmatchestheURL'sthatuniquelyidentifypages;however,therearecaseswhenthepagecontentmustbeconsideredtodeterminepagesetmembership.Apagesetalsohasaname.

UIelement

Amappingbetweenameaningfulnameforapageelement,andthemeanstolocatethatpageelement'sDOMnode.Thepageelementislocatedviaalocator.UIelementsbelongtopagesets.

UIargument

AnoptionalpieceoflogicthatdetermineshowthelocatorisgeneratedbyaUIelement.Typicallyusedwhensimilarpageelementsappearmultipletimesonthesamepage,andyouwanttoaddressthemallwithasingleUIelement.Forexample,ifapagepresents20clickablesearchresults,theindexofthesearchresultmightbeaUIargument.

UImap

Acollectionofpagesets,whichinturncontainUIelements.TheUImapisthemediumfortranslatingbetweenUIspecifierstrings,pageelements,andUIelements.

UIspecifierstring

Abitoftextcontainingapagesetname,aUIelementname,andoptionallyargumentsthatmodifythewayalocatorisconstructedbytheUIelement.UIspecifierstringsareintendedtobethehuman-readableidentifierforpageelements.

Rolluprule

LogicthatdescribeshowoneormoreSeleniumcommandscanbegroupedintoasinglecommand,andhowthatsinglecommandmaybeexpandedintoitscomponentSeleniumcommands.Thesinglecommandisreferredtosimplyasa"rollup".

Commandmatcher

Typicallyfoldedintoarolluprule,itmatchesoneormoreSeleniumcommandsandoptionallysetsvaluesforrollupargumentsbasedonthematchedcommands.Arollupruleusuallyhasoneormorecommandmatchers.

Rollupargument

Anoptionalpieceoflogicthatmodifiesthecommandexpansionofarollup.

TheBasics

GettingMotivated

Question:

WhyuseUI-Element?

Answer:

Soyourtestcasescanlooklikethis（boilerplatecodeomitted）:

open

/

clickAndWait

ui=allPages:

:

section（section=topics）

clickAndWait

ui=topicListingPages:

:

topic（topic=Process）

clickAndWait

ui=subtopicListingPages:

:

subtopic（subtopic=Creativity）

click

ui=subtopicArticleListingPages:

:

article（index=2）

IncludingtheRightFiles

UI-ElementisnowfullyintegratedwithSelenium.Theonlyadditionalfilethatneedstobespecifiedisyourmapdefinitionsfile.IntheIDE,addittothecomma-delimitedSeleniumCoreextensionsfieldoftheIDEoptions.Asampledefinitionfilecreatedforthewebsiteisincludedinthedistributionandisavailablehere:

chrome:

//selenium-ide/content/selenium-core/scripts/ui-map-sample.js

YoumightwanttoexperimentwiththesamplemaptogetafeelforUI-Element.FortheSeleniumRC,youhavetwooptions.Themapfilemaybeincludedintheuser-extensions.jsfilespecifiedatstartupwiththe-userExtensionsswitch.Or,youmayloaditdynamicallywiththevariantofthesetUserExtensionJscommandinyourdriverlanguage,beforethebrowserisstarted.

MapDefinitionsFileSyntax

Thisisthegeneralformatofamapfile:

varmap=newUIMap（）;

map.addPageset（{

name:

'aPageset'

...

}）;

map.addElement（'aPageset',{...}）;

map.addElement（'aPageset',{...}）;

...

map.addPageset（{

name:

'anotherPageset'

...

}）;

...

ThemapobjectisinitializedbycreatinganewUIMapobject.Next,apagesetisdefined.ThenoneormoreUIelementsaredefinedforthatpageset.Morepagesetsaredefined,eachwithcorrespondingUIelements.That'sit!

PagesetShorthand

ThemethodsignatureofaddPageset（）is（pagesetShorthand）.pagesetShorthandisaJSONdescriptionofthepageset.Here'saminimalexample:

map.addPageset（{

name:

'allPages'

description:

'containselementscommontoallpages'

pathRegexp:

'.*'

}）;

Here'satablecontaininginformationabouttheattributesofthePagesetobject.TheconditionallyrequiredorunrequireditemsareforIDErecordingsupportonly.

Name

Required?

Description

Example

name

Yes

（String）thenameofthepageset.Thisshouldbeuniquewithinthemap.

name:

'shopPages'

description

Yes

（String）adescriptionofthepageset.Ideally,thiswillgivethereaderanideaofwhattypesofUIelementsthepagesetwillhave.

description:

'allpagesdisplayingproduct'

pathPrefix

No

（String）thepathoftheURLofallincludedpagesinthispagesetwillcontainthisprefix.Forexample,ifallpagesareoftheformthepageprefixmightbegallery/.

pathPrefix:

'gallery/'

paths

pathRegexp

Conditional

（Array|String）eitheralistofpathstrings,orastringthatrepresentsaregularexpression.Oneortheothershouldbedefined,butnotboth.Ifanarray,itenumeratespagesthatareincludedinthepageset.Ifaregularexpression,anypageswhoseURLpathsmatchtheexpressionareconsideredpartofthepageset.Ineithercase,thepartoftheURLbeingmatched（calledthepath）isthepartfollowingthedomain,lessanytrailingslash,andnotincludingtheCGIparameters.Forexample:

∙

∙

∙

Theentirepathmustmatch（however,pathPrefixistakenintoaccountifspecified）.Ifspecifiedasaregularexpression,thetworegularexpressioncharacters^and$markingthestartandendofthematchedstringareincludedimplicitly,andshouldnotbespecifiedinthisstring.Pleasenoticetoothatbackslashesmustbebackslash-escapedinjavascriptstrings.

paths:

[

'gotoHome.do'

'gotoAbout.do'

'gotoFaq.do'

]

pathRegexp:

'goto（Home|About|Faq）\\.do'

paramRegexps

No

（Object）amappingfromURLparameternamestoregularexpressionstringswhichmustmatchtheirvalues.Ifspecified,thesetofpagespotentiallyincludedinthispagesetwillbefurtherfilteredbyURLparametervalues.Thereisnofilteringbyparametervaluebydefault.

paramRegexps:

{

dept:

'^[abcd]$'

team:

'marketing'

}

pageContent

Conditional

（Function）afunctionthattestswhetherapage,representedbyitsdocumentobject,iscontainedinthepageset,andreturnstrueifandonlyifthisisthecase.Ifspecified,thesetofpagespotentiallyincludedinthispagesetwillbefurtherfilteredbycontent,afterURLandURLparameterfiltering.

SincetheURLisavailablefromthedocumentobject（document.location.href）,youmayencodethelogicusedforthepathsandpathRegexpattributesallintothedefinitionofpageContent.Thus,youmaychoosetoomittheformerifandonlyifusingpageContent.Ofcourse,youmaycontinuetousethemforclarity.

pageContent:

function（doc）{

varid='address-tab';

returndoc.getElementById（id）!

=null;

}

UI-ElementShorthand

ThemethodsignatureofaddElement（）is（pagesetName,uiElementShorthand）.pagesetNameisthenameofthepagesettheUIelementisbeingaddedto.uiElementShorthandisacompleteJSONdescriptionoftheUIelementobjectinshorthandnotation.

Initssimplestform,aUIelementobjectlookslikethis:

map.addElement（'allPages',{

name:

'about_link'

description:

'linktotheaboutpage'

locator:

"//a[contains（@href,'about.php'）]"

}）;

Here'satablecontaininginformationabouttheattributesoftheUIelementobject.Theasterisk（*）meansanystring:

Name

Required?

Description

Example

name

Yes

（String）thenameoftheUIelement

name:

'article'

description

Yes

（String）adescriptionoftheUIelement.ThisisthemaindocumentationforthisUIelement,sothemoredetailed,thebetter.

description:

'frontorissuepagelinktoarticle'

args

No

（Array）alistofargumentsthatmodifythegetLocator（）method.Ifunspecified,itwillbetreatedasanemptylist.

[

{name:

'index'

description:

'theindexoftheauthor,byarticle'

defaultValues:

range（1,5）}

]

Seesectionbelowelaboratingonattributesofargumentobjects.

locator

getLocator（）

xpathgetXPath（）

Yes

（String|Function）eitherafixedlocatorstring,orafunctionthatreturnsalo