An Analysis of Tess from Modern Female Perspective从现代女性视角看苔丝.docx

An Analysis of Tess from Modern Female Perspective从现代女性视角看苔丝.docx

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AnAnalysisofTessfromModernFemalePerspective从现代女性视角看苔丝

AnAnalysisofTessfromModernFemalePerspective

从现代女性视角看苔丝

Acknowledgements

Mydeepestgratitudegoesfirstandforemosttomysupervisor,WangKelu,forhisconstantencouragementandguidance.Hehaswalkedmethroughallthestagesofthewritingofthispaper.Iwouldalsoliketoexpressmysincereappreciationforhistimeandeffortsinreviewingandrevisingthisthesis,forhisconstructivesuggestionsandcriticaljudgmentsonthispaper.Hisearnestattitudetoresearchwillinfluencemegreatlyinmyfuturestudy.

Second,IamalsogreatlyindebtedtoalltheprofessorsandteachersattheDepartmentofEnglish,whohaveinstructedandhelpedmealotinthepastthreeyears.

Atlast,mythankswouldgotomybelovedfamilyfortheirlovingconsiderationsandgreatconfidenceinmeallthroughtheseyears.Ialsoowemysinceregratitudetomyfriendsandmyfellowclassmateswhogavemetheirhelpandtimeandhelpingmeworkouttheproblemsofmythesis.

ABSTRACT

TessoftheD'Urbervilles,publishedin1891,wasoneofthemostfamousworksofThomasHardy.IthasreceivedmuchcriticismfromthedayitwaspublishedandtheheroineTesswasgenerallyregardedasapassivevictimoffateandcircumstances.AsfarasI’mconcerned,fateandcircumstanceswerenotallthereasonsforTess’stragedy.InthelateVictorianTimes,Tesswasreallynewfemaleimageforshewasbravetorevoltfeudalismandtraditionalmoralityandlaws.However,analyzedfrommodernfemaleperspectives,Tess’scharactershaddemeritswhichalsowerethecauseofhertragedy.ThispapertriestoanalyzetheimageofTessfrommodernfemaleperspectivefirst,andthensummarizeHardy’sfeministthinking.

Besidesintroductionandconclusion,thispaperismadeupofthreeparts.Introductionpartputsforwardtheargumentofthisresearch.PartonegivesabriefintroductiontoTessoftheD’Urbervilles,includingthehistoricalbackground,thewriterandtheplotofthisnovel.ParttwoanalyzestheimageofTessfrommodernfemaleperspective.PartthreesummarizesThomasHardy’sfeministthinkingbasedontheanalysisofTess.Conclusionpartmakesconclusionofthewholethesisandgivessomepersonalsuggestiontomodernwomen.

KEYWORDS:

Tess;ThomasHardy;feministthinking;modernfemaleperspective

摘要

《德伯家的苔丝》出版于1891年，是托马斯·哈代最有名的小说之一。

自出版以来，这本书便受到了广泛地评论。

主人公苔丝被视为命运和环境的受害者。

在我看来，命运和环境并不全是苔丝悲剧的全部原因。

在维多利亚时代，苔丝勇于反抗封建主义，敢于同法律和传统的道德作斗争，可以称得上是一个全新的女性形象。

然而，从现代女性的视角分析，苔丝性格上的缺点同样是她悲剧成因的一部分。

这篇文章将先从现代女性视角去分析主人公苔丝的形象，然后以此来总结哈代的女性观。

这篇文章除了引言和结语，正文由三个部分组成。

引言部分提出本文的论点。

第一部分简要介绍《德伯家的苔丝》创作的历史背景，作者简介以及小说的主要情节内容。

第二部分从现代女性的视角出发，详细地分析了苔丝的人物形象和性格。

第三部分以第二部分所作的分析为基础，总结托马斯·哈代的女性观。

结语部分对整篇文章做出总结，并对现代女性给出了相应的个人建议。

关键词：

苔丝;托马斯·哈代;女性观;现代女性视角

Contents

I.Introduction……………………………………………………………………….................7

II.AnIntroductiontoTessoftheD’Urbervilles......................…………………………….....8

2.1HistoricalBackground…………………………………………………………….....8

2.2ThomasHardy…………………………………………………………………….8

2.3ThePlotofTess……………………………………………………………………9

III.TheUnderstandingofTessfromModernFemalePerspective……………………………10

3.1Tess---theIdealizedImageofMen……………………………………………….11

3.2Tess---RegardingLoveastheMostImportantThinginHerLife………12

3.3Tess---HavingDualCharacter………………………………………………13

3.3.1BeingBravetoRevoltTraditionalMoralityandHypocriticalReligion......13

3.3.2FailingtoExtricateHerselffromTraditionalMoralityThoroughly………14

IVHardy’sFeministThinkinginTessoftheD’Urbervilles……………………...………15

4.1Hardy’sSupremeSympathytowardsWomen……………………………………16

4.2Hardy’sPrejudiceagainsttheFemale……………………………………………17

VConclusion……………………………………………………………………………18

VIBibliography…………………………………………………………………………19

AnAnalysisofTessfromModernFemalePerspective

IIntroduction

ThomasHardy（1840～1928）,bornin1840nearDorchester,wasaoneofthegreatestEnglishwritersinthe19thcentury,andwashonoredwith“ShakespeareofBritishnovels”.HecarriedforwardanddevelopedtheliterarytraditionsoftheVictorianage.HevividlydescribedthetragicfateoftheheroineTessinhisgreatnovelTessoftheD’Urbervilles,whichrevealedhisstandpointsofwomenandsocietyhelivedin.

TessoftheD’Urbervilles,asamasterpieceofHardy,hasbeenstudiedbyscholarsfromdifferentaspectssinceitspublication.Tessarethoughttobepretty,noble-minded,pure,braveinthetraditionalview,however,ifanalyzedfrommodernfemaleperspective,theimageofTess,Ithink,isnotperfect.Thus,thisthesisaimstoanalyzetheimageofTessfrommodernfemaleperspective,andfurthertoexploreThomasHardy’sfeministthinkingbasedontheanalysisofTess.

Tesswasbravetorevolttraditionalmoralityandhypocriticalreligion,nevertheless,shejudgedherselfbyusingtraditionalstandardsasotherpeopledid.Shewasdeeplyinfluencedbypatriarchalsocietywhichmadehernotextricateherselffromtraditionalsocietythoroughly.It’snotdifficulttofindthatbesidesTess’spurityandbravery,shestillhadsomeshortcomingswhichwerepartofthecausesofhertragedy.FrommainlyanalyzingTess,wecanfindoutHardy’sfeministthinking.Ontheonehand,hehadgreatsympathytowardswomenasheexposedthehypocrisyofthetraditionalmoralitythatstressedthepurityandchastityofwomen.Andontheotherhandhehadprejudiceagainstwomenforhearrangedwomentobe,moreorless,theinferiorstomen.

II.AnIntroductiontoTessoftheD'Urbervilles

2.1HistoricalBackground

ThestoryTessoftheD'UrbervilleshappenedinthelateVictorianTimes.Sincethe1830’s,capitalismhadbeenbuiltupcompletelyinEngland,andmanypartsofthecountrywereaffectedbyit.Andeveninthesouthernarea,whereancienttraditionshadbeenkeptformanyyears,wasaffectedtoo.Inthelate19thcentury,capitalistindustryandagricultureinvadedremotecountrysideanddestroyedsmall-scalepeasanteconomy.Manypeasantshadtofacetheruthlessexploitationoflandownersandwerethreatenedbysurvivalcrisis.Capitalisteconomyreplacedtraditionaleconomy.

Besides,inVictorianTimes,moralitywashighlyemphasized.Womenwerefetteredbyfemininetraditionseriously.Awoman’schastitywasherhusband’sprivilege.Theimportantstandardtojudgewhetherawomanispurewasthatwhethershewasavirgin.Hence,oncethechastityhadbeenlostbeforemarriage,thewomanwouldberegarded“impure”and“badwoman”.Asasequence,thewomanwouldbeexcludedbyherhusbandandotherpeople.

Inadditiontotheinfluencefromindustrializationandtraditionalmorality,religiousbeliefwasanotheressentialpartofthelifeintheVictorianTimes.People’sspirituallifehadbeencontrolledbyreligionforthousandsofyears.AndTess’stragedywasstagedinsuchacomplicatedbackground.

2.2ThomasHardy

ThomasHardy,bornonJune2,1840,inthevillageofUpperBockHampton,England,wasanEnglishnovelist,poet.HeisregardedasoneofthegreatestEnglishwritersinthe19thcentury.Hisfatherwasastonemasonandbuildingcontractor.Hismotherenjoyedreadingandrelatingallthefolksongsandlegendsoftheregion.Heoftenmadejourneytothecountrysidetoplayfordances.Andthisexperienceofrurallifemadeupalargepartofhisworks.

Hisfirstnovel,ThePoorManandtheLady,waswrittenin1867,butthebookdidn’tbringhimsuccess.HisfirstpopularnovelwasUndertheGreenwoodTree,publishedin1872.Andthenhisotherpopularnovelsareasfollows:

FarfromtheMaddingCrowd（1874）,TheReturnoftheNative（1878）,theMayorofCasterbridge（1886）,theWoodlanders（1887）,TessoftheD’Urbervilles（1891）,andJudetheObscure（1895）.Inadditiontotheselargeworks,Hardypublishedthreecollectionsofshortstoriesandfivesmallernovels.

Allhisworksrevealedthathewasakindandgentlemanwhowasawareofthepainhumanbeingssufferedintheirstruggleforlife.Inhisworks,especiallyinTessoftheD’Urbervilles,HardyshowedhisdeepsympathyforEnglishlowerclasses,particularlyforruralwomenlikeTess.AsThomasHardy’slastandmostsignificantwork,TessoftheD’Urbervillesisanovelinwhichthecharacterswereconfrontedbyendlessmoralchoices.

2.3ThePlotofTess

TessoftheD’Urbervillesisaboutthetragedyofa16-year-oldsimplecountrygirl,TessDurbeyfield,whowasborninapoorpeasantfamily.Inachance,Tess’sfartherJohnDurbeyfieldwhowaslazyandvaindiscoveredthathewasthedescendentofanancientandknightlyfamilyoftheD’Urbervilles.Itwasjustatthattime,theirhorse,thefamily’sonlymeanstomakealiving,died.Thus,JohnandhiswifeJoanpersuadedTesstovisittheD’UrbervillesclanatTranreidge.ThepurposeofTess’sparentswastogethelpandbenefitsfromtheirso-called“relative”.AfterTessarrivedthere,AlecwasattractedbyTess’sbeautyandarrangedTesstotakecareofhisblindmother’spoultry.Andatonenight,TesswasdeducedandrapedbyAlec.TessfeltsorrowfulandleftAlecunhesitatingly.Thenshegavebirthtoachild.Butunluckily,herchilddiedverysoon.

Inordertoforgetthemiserablepastandbeginanewlife,Tessmovedtoafairyfarmandbecameamilkmaid.There,shemetAngelClare,whowasapastor’sson.Quickly,theyfellinlovewitheachother.ButTessrefusedAngel’sloveinthebeginningbecauseshethoughtshewasnotpureandhadnorighttomarryanyoneelse.Afterhesitatingforalongtime,TessacceptedAngel’sproposalofmarriage.Attheirweddingnight,AngelmadeaconfessiontoTessabouthiswrongdoinginthepast.Tessfelthappyandforgavehimandtoldhimherpasttoo,thinkingthathewouldforgiveherasshedid.Howeve