欧盟交通发展白皮书.docx

欧盟交通发展白皮书.docx

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欧盟交通发展白皮书

EN

EUROPEANCOMMISSION

Brussels,28.3.2011

COM（2011）144final

WHITEPAPER

RoadmaptoaSingleEuropeanTransportArea–Towardsacompetitiveandresourceefficienttransportsystem

SEC（2011）359final

SEC（2011）358final

SEC（2011）391final

TABLEOFCONTENTS

WHITEPAPERRoadmaptoaSingleEuropeanTransportArea–Towardsacompetitiveandresourceefficienttransportsystem1

1.PreparingTheEuropeanTransportAreafortheFuture3

2.Avisionforacompetitiveandsustainabletransportsystem5

2.1.GrowingTransportandsupportingmobilitywhilereachingthe60%emissionreductiontarget5

2.2.Anefficientcorenetworkformultimodalintercitytravelandtransport6

2.3.Agloballevel-playingfieldforlong-distancetravelandintercontinentalfreight7

2.4.Cleanurbantransportandcommuting8

2.5.TenGoalsforacompetitiveandresourceefficienttransportsystem:

benchmarksforachievingthe60%GHGemissionreductiontarget9

3.TheStrategy–whatneedstobedone10

3.1.ASingleEuropeanTransportArea11

3.2.Innovatingforthefuture–technologyandbehaviour12

3.3.Moderninfrastructureandsmartfunding13

3.4.Theexternaldimension16

4.Conclusion17

1.PreparingTheEuropeanTransportAreafortheFuture

1.Transportisfundamentaltooureconomyandsociety.Mobilityisvitalfortheinternalmarketandforthequalityoflifeofcitizensastheyenjoytheirfreedomtotravel.Transportenableseconomicgrowthandjobcreation:

itmustbesustainableinthelightofthenewchallengesweface.Transportisglobal,soeffectiveactionrequiresstronginternationalcooperation.

2.Thefutureprosperityofourcontinentwilldependontheabilityofallofitsregionstoremainfullyandcompetitivelyintegratedintheworldeconomy.Efficienttransportisvitalinmakingthishappen.

3.EuropeanTransportisatacrossroads.Oldchallengesremainbutnewhavecome.

4.Alotneedstobedonetocompletetheinternalmarketfortransport,whereconsiderablebottlenecksandotherbarriersremain.Weneedtoreaddresstheseissues–howtobetterrespondtothedesireofourcitizenstotravel,andtheneedsofoureconomytotransportgoodswhileanticipatingresourceandenvironmentalconstraints.ThetransportsystemsoftheeasternandwesternpartsofEuropemustbeunitedtofullyreflectthetransportneedsofalmostthewholecontinentandour500millioncitizens.

5.Oilwillbecomescarcerinfuturedecades,sourcedincreasinglyfromuncertainsupplies.AstheIEAhasrecentlypointedout,thelesssuccessfultheworldisindecarbonising,thegreaterwillbetheoilpriceincrease.In2010,theoilimportbillwasaround€210billionfortheEU.Ifwedonotaddressthisoildependence,people’sabilitytotravel–andoureconomicsecurity–couldbeseverelyimpactedwithdireconsequencesoninflation,tradebalanceandtheoverallcompetitivenessoftheEUeconomy.

6.Atthesametime,theEUhascalledfor,andtheinternationalcommunityagreed,ontheneedtodrasticallyreduceworldgreenhousegasemissions,withthegoaloflimitingclimatechangebelow2ºC.Overall,theEUneedstoreduceemissionsby80-95%below1990levelsby2050,inthecontextofthenecessaryreductionsofthedevelopedcountriesasagroup,inordertoreachthisgoal.Commissionanalysisshowsthatwhiledeepercutscanbeachievedinothersectorsoftheeconomy,areductionofatleast60%ofGHGsby2050withrespectto1990isrequiredfromthetransportsector,whichisasignificantandstillgrowingsourceofGHGs.By2030,thegoalfortransportwillbetoreduceGHGemissionstoaround20%belowtheir2008level.Giventhesubstantialincreaseintransportemissionsoverthepasttwodecades,thiswouldstillputthem8%abovethe1990level.

7.Sincethefirstbigoilcrisis40yearsago–despitetechnicalprogress,potentialforcost-effectiveenergyefficiencyimprovementsandpolicyefforts–thetransportsystemhasnotfundamentallychanged.Transporthasbecomemoreenergyefficient,butEUtransportstilldependsonoilandoilproductsfor96%ofitsenergyneeds.Transporthasbecomecleaner,butincreasedvolumesmeanitremainsamajorsourceofnoiseandlocalairpollution.

8.NewtechnologiesforvehiclesandtrafficmanagementwillbekeytolowertransportemissionsintheEUasintherestoftheworld.Theraceforsustainablemobilityisaglobalone.DelayedactionandtimidintroductionofnewtechnologiescouldcondemntheEUtransportindustrytoirreversibledecline.TheEU’stransportsectorfacesgrowingcompetitioninfastdevelopingworldtransportmarkets.

9.ManyEuropeancompaniesareworldleadersininfrastructure,logistics,trafficmanagementsystemsandmanufacturingoftransportequipment–butasotherworldregionsarelaunchinghuge,ambitioustransportmodernisationandinfrastructureinvestmentprogrammes,itiscrucialthatEuropeantransportcontinuestodevelopandinvesttomaintainitscompetitiveposition.

10.Infrastructureshapesmobility.Nomajorchangeintransportwillbepossiblewithoutthesupportofanadequatenetworkandmoreintelligenceinusingit.Overall,transportinfrastructureinvestmentshaveapositiveimpactoneconomicgrowth,createwealthandjobs,andenhancetrade,geographicalaccessibilityandthemobilityofpeople.Ithastobeplannedinawaythatmaximisespositiveimpactoneconomicgrowthandminimisesnegativeimpactontheenvironment.

11.Congestionisamajorconcern,inparticularontheroadsandinthesky,andcompromisesaccessibility.Inaddition,transportinfrastructureisunequallydevelopedintheeasternandwesternpartsoftheEUwhichneedtobebroughttogether.Thereisincreasedpressureonpublicresourcesforinfrastructurefundingandanewapproachtofundingandpricingisneeded.

12.Sincethe2001WhitePaperonTransport,alothasbeenachieved.Furthermarketopeninghastakenplaceinaviation,roadandpartlyinrailtransport.TheSingleEuropeanSkyhasbeensuccessfullylaunched.Thesafetyandsecurityoftransportacrossallmodeshasincreased.Newrulesonworkingconditionsandonpassengerrightshavebeenadopted.Transeuropeantransportnetworks（financedthroughTEN-T,StructuralFundsandtheCohesionFund）havecontributedtoterritorialcohesionandthebuildingofhigh-speedrailwaylines.Internationaltiesandcooperationhavebeenstrengthened.Alothasalsobeendonetoenhancetransport’senvironmentalperformance.

13.Still,thetransportsystemisnotsustainable.Looking40yearsahead,itisclearthattransportcannotdevelopalongthesamepath.Ifwesticktothebusinessasusualapproach,theoildependenceoftransportmightstillbelittlebelow90%,withrenewableenergysourcesonlymarginallyexceedingthe10%targetsetfor2020.CO2emissionsfromtransportwouldremainonethirdhigherthantheir1990levelby2050.Congestioncostswillincreasebyabout50%by2050.Theaccessibilitygapbetweencentralandperipheralareaswillwiden.Thesocialcostsofaccidentsandnoisewouldcontinuetoincrease.

14.Buildingonthelessonslearnt,thisRoadmaptakesagloballookatdevelopmentsinthetransportsector,atitsfuturechallengesandatthepolicyinitiativesthatneedtobeconsidered.TheCommission’svisionoffuturetransportispresentedinPart2.KeymeasurestoachieveitareoutlinedinPart3,summarisedinAnnexI,anddescribedinmoredetailintheaccompanyingstaffworkingdocument.

2.Avisionforacompetitiveandsustainabletransportsystem

2.1.GrowingTransportandsupportingmobilitywhilereachingthe60%emissionreductiontarget

15.Thereisalargepay-offintakingdecisivepolicyaction.Thetransportindustryinitselfrepresentsanimportantpartoftheeconomy:

intheEUitdirectlyemploysaround10millionpeopleandaccountsforabout5%ofGDP.

16.TheEUandGovernmentsneedtoprovideclarityonthefuturepolicyframeworks（relyingtothegreatestextentpossibleonmarketbasedmechanisms）formanufacturersandindustrysothattheyareabletoplaninvestments.CoherenceatEUlevelisvital–asituationwhere（forexample）oneMemberStateoptedexclusivelyforelectriccarsandanotheronlyforbiofuelswoulddestroytheconceptoffreetravelacrossEurope.

17.Thechallengeistobreakthetransportsystem’sdependenceonoilwithoutsacrificingitsefficiencyandcompromisingmobility.Inlinewiththeflagshipinitiative“ResourceefficientEurope”setupintheEurope2020StrategyandthenewEnergyEfficiencyPlan2011,theparamountgoalofEuropeantransportpolicyistohelpestablishasystemthatunderpinsEuropeaneconomicprogress,enhancescompetitivenessandoffershighqualitymobilityserviceswhileusingresourcesmoreefficiently.Inpractice,transporthastouselessandcleanerenergy,betterexploitamoderninfrastructureandreduceitsnegativeimpactontheenvironmentandkeynaturalassetslikewater,landandecosystems.

18.Curbingmobilityisnotanoption.

19.Newtransportpatternsmustemerge,accordingtowhichlargervolumesoffreightandgreaternumbersoftravellersarecarriedjointlytotheirdestinationbythemostefficient（combinationof）modes.Individualtransportispreferablyusedforthefinalmilesofthejourneyandperformedwithcleanvehicles.Informationtechnologyprovidesforsimplerandmorereliabletransfers.Transportuserspayforthefullcostsoftransportinexchangeforlesscongestion,moreinformation,betterserviceandmoresafety.Futuredevelopmentmustrelyonanumberofstrands:

–Improvingtheenergyefficiencyperformanceofvehiclesacrossallmodes.Developinganddeployingsustainablefuelsandpropulsionsystems;

–Opt