欧盟交通发展白皮书.docx

1、欧盟交通发展白皮书ENEUROPEAN COMMISSIONBrussels, 28.3.2011COM(2011) 144 final WHITE PAPER Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport systemSEC(2011) 359 finalSEC(2011) 358 finalSEC(2011) 391 finalTABLE OF CONTENTSWHITE PAPER Roadmap to a Single European

2、 Transport Area Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system 11. Preparing The European Transport Area for the Future 32. A vision for a competitive and sustainable transport system 52.1. Growing Transport and supporting mobility while reaching the 60% emission reduction target 52.2

3、. An efficient core network for multimodal intercity travel and transport 62.3. A global level-playing field for long-distance travel and intercontinental freight 72.4. Clean urban transport and commuting 82.5. Ten Goals for a competitive and resource efficient transport system: benchmarks for achie

4、ving the 60% GHG emission reduction target 93. The Strategy what needs to be done 103.1. A Single European Transport Area 113.2. Innovating for the future technology and behaviour 123.3. Modern infrastructure and smart funding 133.4. The external dimension 164. Conclusion 171. Preparing The European

5、 Transport Area for the Future1. Transport is fundamental to our economy and society. Mobility is vital for the internal market and for the quality of life of citizens as they enjoy their freedom to travel. Transport enables economic growth and job creation: it must be sustainable in the light of th

6、e new challenges we face. Transport is global, so effective action requires strong international cooperation.2. The future prosperity of our continent will depend on the ability of all of its regions to remain fully and competitively integrated in the world economy. Efficient transport is vital in m

7、aking this happen. 3. European Transport is at a cross roads. Old challenges remain but new have come.4. A lot needs to be done to complete the internal market for transport, where considerable bottlenecks and other barriers remain. We need to readdress these issues how to better respond to the desi

8、re of our citizens to travel, and the needs of our economy to transport goods while anticipating resource and environmental constraints. The transport systems of the eastern and western parts of Europe must be united to fully reflect the transport needs of almost the whole continent and our 500 mill

9、ion citizens.5. Oil will become scarcer in future decades, sourced increasingly from uncertain supplies. As the IEA has recently pointed out, the less successful the world is in decarbonising, the greater will be the oil price increase. In 2010, the oil import bill was around 210 billion for the EU.

10、 If we do not address this oil dependence, peoples ability to travel and our economic security could be severely impacted with dire consequences on inflation, trade balance and the overall competitiveness of the EU economy.6. At the same time, the EU has called for, and the international community a

11、greed, on the need to drastically reduce world greenhouse gas emissions, with the goal of limiting climate change below 2C. Overall, the EU needs to reduce emissions by 80-95% below 1990 levels by 2050, in the context of the necessary reductions of the developed countries as a group, in order to rea

12、ch this goal. Commission analysis shows that while deeper cuts can be achieved in other sectors of the economy, a reduction of at least 60% of GHGs by 2050 with respect to 1990 is required from the transport sector, which is a significant and still growing source of GHGs. By 2030, the goal for trans

13、port will be to reduce GHG emissions to around 20% below their 2008 level. Given the substantial increase in transport emissions over the past two decades, this would still put them 8% above the 1990 level.7. Since the first big oil crisis 40 years ago despite technical progress, potential for cost-

14、effective energy efficiency improvements and policy efforts the transport system has not fundamentally changed. Transport has become more energy efficient, but EU transport still depends on oil and oil products for 96% of its energy needs. Transport has become cleaner, but increased volumes mean it

15、remains a major source of noise and local air pollution. 8. New technologies for vehicles and traffic management will be key to lower transport emissions in the EU as in the rest of the world. The race for sustainable mobility is a global one. Delayed action and timid introduction of new technologie

16、s could condemn the EU transport industry to irreversible decline. The EUs transport sector faces growing competition in fast developing world transport markets.9. Many European companies are world leaders in infrastructure, logistics, traffic management systems and manufacturing of transport equipm

17、ent but as other world regions are launching huge, ambitious transport modernisation and infrastructure investment programmes, it is crucial that European transport continues to develop and invest to maintain its competitive position.10. Infrastructure shapes mobility. No major change in transport w

18、ill be possible without the support of an adequate network and more intelligence in using it. Overall, transport infrastructure investments have a positive impact on economic growth, create wealth and jobs, and enhance trade, geographical accessibility and the mobility of people. It has to be planne

19、d in a way that maximises positive impact on economic growth and minimises negative impact on the environment.11. Congestion is a major concern, in particular on the roads and in the sky, and compromises accessibility. In addition, transport infrastructure is unequally developed in the eastern and w

20、estern parts of the EU which need to be brought together. There is increased pressure on public resources for infrastructure funding and a new approach to funding and pricing is needed. 12. Since the 2001 White Paper on Transport, a lot has been achieved. Further market opening has taken place in av

21、iation, road and partly in rail transport. The Single European Sky has been successfully launched. The safety and security of transport across all modes has increased. New rules on working conditions and on passenger rights have been adopted. Transeuropean transport networks (financed through TEN-T,

22、 Structural Funds and the Cohesion Fund) have contributed to territorial cohesion and the building of high-speed railway lines. International ties and cooperation have been strengthened. A lot has also been done to enhance transports environmental performance. 13. Still, the transport system is not

23、sustainable. Looking 40 years ahead, it is clear that transport cannot develop along the same path. If we stick to the business as usual approach, the oil dependence of transport might still be little below 90%, with renewable energy sources only marginally exceeding the 10% target set for 2020. CO2

24、 emissions from transport would remain one third higher than their 1990 level by 2050. Congestion costs will increase by about 50% by 2050. The accessibility gap between central and peripheral areas will widen. The social costs of accidents and noise would continue to increase. 14. Building on the l

25、essons learnt, this Roadmap takes a global look at developments in the transport sector, at its future challenges and at the policy initiatives that need to be considered. The Commissions vision of future transport is presented in Part 2. Key measures to achieve it are outlined in Part 3, summarised

26、 in Annex I, and described in more detail in the accompanying staff working document. 2. A vision for a competitive and sustainable transport system2.1. Growing Transport and supporting mobility while reaching the 60% emission reduction target 15. There is a large pay-off in taking decisive policy a

27、ction. The transport industry in itself represents an important part of the economy: in the EU it directly employs around 10 million people and accounts for about 5% of GDP.16. The EU and Governments need to provide clarity on the future policy frameworks (relying to the greatest extent possible on

28、market based mechanisms) for manufacturers and industry so that they are able to plan investments. Coherence at EU level is vital a situation where (for example) one Member State opted exclusively for electric cars and another only for biofuels would destroy the concept of free travel across Europe.

29、17. The challenge is to break the transport systems dependence on oil without sacrificing its efficiency and compromising mobility. In line with the flagship initiative “Resource efficient Europe” set up in the Europe 2020 Strategy and the new Energy Efficiency Plan 2011, the paramount goal of Europ

30、ean transport policy is to help establish a system that underpins European economic progress, enhances competitiveness and offers high quality mobility services while using resources more efficiently. In practice, transport has to use less and cleaner energy, better exploit a modern infrastructure a

31、nd reduce its negative impact on the environment and key natural assets like water, land and ecosystems.18. Curbing mobility is not an option. 19. New transport patterns must emerge, according to which larger volumes of freight and greater numbers of travellers are carried jointly to their destinati

32、on by the most efficient (combination of) modes. Individual transport is preferably used for the final miles of the journey and performed with clean vehicles. Information technology provides for simpler and more reliable transfers. Transport users pay for the full costs of transport in exchange for less congestion, more information, better service and more safety. Future development must rely on a number of strands: Improving the energy efficiency performance of vehicles across all modes. Developing and deploying sustainable fuels and propulsion systems; Opt