海文学校词汇及长难句班讲义.docx

海文学校词汇及长难句班讲义.docx

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海文学校词汇及长难句班讲义

第一部分、词汇记忆方法

一、合成词

download

onlooker

online

outdoor（s）

outlet

output/input

outstanding

outlook

outline

outside/inside

overall

overcoat

overtime

overnight

oversea（s）

overcome

overhead

overtake

overthrow

update

upright

upset

upstairs

upside-down

up-to-date

upwards

understanding

undergo

underground

undergraduate

underline

undertake

ballpen

blackboard

bathroom

basketball

chairman

daytime

earthquake

eyesight

fireplace

fisherman

football

footprint

framework

gunpowder

haircut

handbook

handball

handout

handwriting

headache

headquarter

headmaster

highway

keyboard

landlord

mainland

masterpiece

meantime

nearby

network

offspring

otherwise

overall

passport

platform

pencilbox

postcard

postman

railway/road

salesman

seaman

sightseeing

snowstorm

spacecraft/ship

sportsman

tradesman

viewpoint

warehouse

waterfall

waterproof

widespread

worldwide

well-known

（285）

剪截词

dorm

exam

gym

fridge

photo

maths

high-tech

二、常见词缀：

（一）前缀

位置：

ex-,e-,extra-,over-，out-,under-;in-,im-,inter-,mid-;pre-,sub-,sug-,suf-,sup-,super-,sur-,post-;tele-;trans-;cross-

大小多少：

uni-,mono-,bi-,tri-,mini-,multi-,kilo-,micro-,macro-;semi-,hemi-;poly-,

否定意义：

anti-；de-;di-,dif-,dis-；counter-,anti-,contra-;in-,im-,il-,ir-；mis-,mal-;un-;non-,pseudo-,

联想：

col-,cor-,com-,con-;re-;vice

变动词:

be-,en/em

其他：

auto-,self-;bio-;by-,step-;ultra-

（二）后缀

表示人：

-er,-ee,-eer,-or,-ar,-ian,-ent,-ant,-ist,-ese,-ess

学科：

-ology,-ture,-ics

抽象意义----身份，状态，性质-ity,-ship,-hood（加在名词后）,-ness（加在形容词后）-th,-ure

行为：

-ment,-ion,-tion,-ation,-sion,-age,-ance/-ence（加在动词后）

形容词后缀：

-tive,-ous,ful/-less;able/ible,-ent,-ant;-ory,-ary;-like/ish;-ly;-y;-some;-ward

动词后缀:

-ize,-fy,-ate,等

三、常见词根及构词

pos=put放置

pose,position,expose,exposure,compose,composition,propose,proposal,oppose,

opposition,impose,dispose,disposal,preposition

tract=draw拉，抽，引

tractor,attract,attraction,attractive,distract,subtract,contract,abstract,drag,draw,straight,straighten,stretch

sec,sequ=follow跟随

second,secondary,sequence,subsequent,consequence,consequently

vid,vis,vey,vy=see看

visible,vision,visibility,invisible,visual,video,videophone,revise,revision,supervise,supervision,evident,evidence,visit

spect=look看

spectator,spectacle,spectacular,prospect,inspect,inspection,expect,expectation,respect,respectable,respectful,respective,respected,suspect,suspicion,specific,despite

mob,mov,mot=move动

mobile,mobility,mobilize,automobile,motion,motive,motivate,motivation,motor,move,promote,promotion,emote,remote

ced,ceed,cess,gress=go,walk行走

precede,proceed,procedure,process,exceed,excess,excessive,succeed,success,successful,succession,successive,successor,access,accessible,progress,congress,regress,aggressive

rupt=break破

bankrupt,interrupt,corrupt,disrupt,erupt

mini,min=small,little小

miniskirt,minimize,minimum,minus,minute,minority,diminish

scrib,scrip写，记，抄

describe,description,script,manuscript,prescribe,prescription

dict,dic=say言，说

diction,dictionary,contradict,dictate,dictation,dictator,predict,prediction,predictable,indicate,verdict

miss,mit=send投，送，发

mission,missile,dismiss,dismissal,transmit,transmission,emit,emission,promise,compromise,committee,commission

port=carry拿，带，运

portable,import,export,transport,report,support

leg,legis法

legal,legalize,illegal,legislate,legislation,legislature

solu,solv洗，溶解

solution,solve,resolve,resolution,dissolve

press压

impress,impression,express,suppress,depress

viv,vit=live活：

live,living,lively,survive,livelihood,alive,revive,vivid,vital,vitamin

count=number:

account,accountant,discount,number,numeral,numerous,innumerable

ag=act行动，做：

action,exactly,react,interact,transact,radioactive,agent,agenda,agency,

fac（t）=make做，作，制造：

facility,factory,faculty,affect,defect,infect,perfect,efficient,fiction,artificial,proficiency,feasible

sign=mark记号，信号：

remark,signal,signature,design,designate,significance,resign

du,doub,coup=two二：

dual,double,doubtful,couple,dubious,duplicate,dual

spher=ball球：

balloon,ballot,hemisphere,atmosphere

popul,publ=people人：

popular,public,publicity,republic,publish,republican,population,

men,min=mind心灵，精神：

mind,remind,mention,mental,comment,memory,memorial,remember,commemorate

struct=build建造：

construct,instruct,obstruct,destruction,destroy

fund,found=base基础：

basement,basis,foundation,profound,fund,refund,fundamental

part=divide分，分开：

dividend,individual,particle,participate,particular,partner,apart,counterpart,depart,impartial,department,party,apartment,compartment

pend,pens-hang悬挂：

dependent,independence,append,appendix,suspend,pension

duc（t）=lead引导：

conduct,deduct,misconduct,educate,induce,introduce,produce,reduce,

oper=work工作：

operate,cooperate,opera

ven,vent=come来：

venture,adventure,avenue,convention,invent,eventually,prevent,intervene

voc,vok=claim呼喊，叫喊，声音：

proclaim,reclaim,exclaim,advocate,provoke,vocal,voice,

sect=cut切，割：

section,segment,intersection,sector

grat,grac,gree=please高兴，感激：

grace,grateful,gratitude,congratulation,agree,agreeable,greet,pleasure,pleasant,disagree

vail,val=worth价值：

worth,worthy,worthwhile,available,prevail,value,valid,validity,valve,evaluate,equivalent

pel,peal,puls=drive驱动：

appeal,compel,compulsion,compulsory,propel,pulse,impulse

（320）

alter改变；aptitude能力；disastrous灾难的；banish放逐;combat战斗；calculate推算；excavate挖掘；accelerate加速；certify证明;coincide,concur同时发生；circulate循环，流通；declination倾斜，下垂；discord不和；durability耐久性；equilibrium平衡，均势;diffident缺乏自信的；domain领地;infinity无限性；afflict使苦恼，折磨；formulate构思，规划；fortify,reinforce加强;frigid寒冷的；fuse熔化，融合；geometry几何；congest拥塞，充满；degrade降级，堕落；heredity遗传；hinder阻碍；hydraulics水利学；transit转移；junction连接点；collaborate合作；elapse流逝;latitude纬度；alleviate减轻;magnify放大；manipulate操纵；submerge/immerse沉没；symmetry对称;eminent杰出的；negligible可以忽略的；notorious臭名昭著的；optimum最佳条件,demography

四、有意义的字母组合：

st---不动，立：

stand,stop,stay,state,station,stable,steady,establish,instance,standard,statistics,

statue,stereo,stare,static,stationary,stereotype,still,destination,destine,destiny,stone,stubborn,rest,install,staunch,constant,steel,stiff,obstacle,stale,stall,stain,stick,start,stun,startle,astonish,stupid,stuffy（40）

sti----刺，尖：

stick,sticky,stimulate,stitch,instinct,sting,stir,（大纲全部）

fl----流动：

flow,float,flu,flood,influence,fluctuate,fluid,flush,fluent,fleet,flute,flux,flag,

fl----闪动的光，植物：

flash,flame,flare,flower,flourish

fl----空中的动作：

fly,flee,flight,flap,flutter,fling

flat,flatter,flesh,flavor,flexible,（大纲全部）

gl---不动的光/亮：

glance,glimpse,glare,glamour,glass,glorious,glory,glow,gloomy,gloss,glitter

gl,sl----滑动：

glide,glove,globe,global,glue（大纲全部）

slip,slipper,slippery,slide,slit,slope,sledge,sly

cr---碎，裂：

crack,crash,crisp,crush,crisis,critical,crazy,cracker,crumb

-ap----拟声：

flap,clap,tap,slap,rapbreak----crash,clash,smash,splash,

-ump—笨重的动作：

bump,thump,thumb,stumble,plump,hump,clumsy,dump,lump,slump,plumb,

-atter----细碎的动作：

batter,chatter,clatter,shatter,scatter,

-ash-----猛烈的动作：

flash,splash,clash,dash,slash,crash,smash,

-are----强烈的光：

flare,glare,stare

sn----鼻子的出气声：

sniff,sneeze,snore,snuff,snot

spr----传播，洒，喷：

spread,sprinkle,spray

tw----二：

two,between,twilight,twelve,twin,twice,twenty,twinkle

wr,tw----扭曲，卷绕：

wrap,wreck,wreath,wrestle,wrench,wrinkle,wrist,wrong,wretched

sw-----水，洗：

swim,sweat,sweater,swan,sweep,swingswift,sway,switch,sword,swarm

h---象征沉重：

heavy,haste,hurry,heave,hop,hunt,hurl

i----表示小：

mini-,sip,chick,chip,nibble,tiny,slip,slit,drip

m----象征低沉声：

hum,moan,mumble,murmur,mutter

r----：

表示粗糙、削利、重浊的声音：

grunt,rattle,roar,cry,croak,creak,rumble,crunch,crack,scrape,rip,scream,scratch

s,z,sh----象征寂静和蛇等动物嗖艘爬的声音：

hiss,brush,silence,rustle,snake,zip,buzz,hush,whisper

五、同源词记忆

allow---allocate

anguish---anger

bear---birth

bend---bow

bind---bound---bond---bundle---band

bite-----bitter

bloom---blossom

boom---bomb

break---brake

breed----brood

brim---brink

broad---breadth

burn----brand

catch----capture

choose---choice

city---civil

clew---clue

cloth---clothes

bath---bathe

breath---breathe

canal---channel

carbon---coal

cloth---cloak

condemn---damn

cry--crow

cook---cake

couple---double

cue---clue

curve---circle

dear---darling

deem---doom

deep----dip

dig----ditch

dive---duck—dip

doze---daze

drive---drift

drip---drop

drink---drown

dry----drain

dry----drought

elder---adult

example---sample

fail---fault

false---fake

fall---fell

fly----flee

float---flow---fleet

flow--flood

flower---flourish

fond---fun

freeze----frost---crust

fright---afraid

front---frontier

garden----yard

gild---gold

grass---graze

grief----grieve

heal---health

high---height--hill

hold----hand

hollow---hole---hell

honest---honor

hot---heat

hurry---hurricane

join---joint

knee---kneel

limb---limp,lame

lead---load

lean---loan

lie----low

liquor----liquid

lose----loss

match---mate

matter---mass

meet---mate

maid----madame

major---mayor

master---majesty

mix----mingle

modern---model

mow---meadow

moon---month

nation----nation

near---neighbor

nourish---nurse

owe---own

pacify---peace----pacific

patch---piece

people---popular---public

poor---poverty

portray----portrait

praise---prize

rate---ratio

red---rust

ride---road

rise---raise

run---race

salt----sauce

see---sight

salt---sauce

saw---section

sea---salt

seek---sake

sew--