中西式餐桌礼仪的差异.docx

中西式餐桌礼仪的差异.docx

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中西式餐桌礼仪的差异

毕业论文

题目：

中西式餐桌礼仪的差异

Title:

TheDifferencesinChineseandWesternTableManners

2009年5月22日

Acknowledgements

Thispaperisdevelopedfromseveralmonthsofstudyatschoollibrary.Numerouspeoplehavegivenmehelpinghandsincompletingthispaper.MygreatestgratitudeistomytutorZhangYun,shemadeinsightfulsuggestionsthatcontributedinanimportantwaytotheframeworkofthispaper.Shetooklotsoftimefromherbusyscheduletoreadthepaperandreviseit.Iowealottoher.I’malsodeeplygratefultotheteacherswhohavetaughtmebefore,duringtheseyearsofEnglishstudy,Ibenefitalot.

Ialsowanttothanktheauthorswhowrotemanybookswhichareveryusefultohelpmetofinishmypaper,alltheirworkhelpedmealot.Andthankallmyfriendsatthesametime,theiradviceformypaperislikeashineinthecloudyday!

Abstract

Moreandmorepeoplekeepintouchwithotherswhocomefromdifferentregionswiththedevelopmentofsocialcommunicationandculturetransmission.Asanessentialpartofthesocialcommunication,tablemannersisconsideredmoreandmoreimportant.Indifferentculturalbackground,therolesofthehost,theguestandthewaiterintheprocessofdinningarequitedifferent.Apersoncouldbepopularatthetableifheknowssomethingaboutdifferenttablemannersfordifferenttypesofparty,orhewillgetintoembarrassmentduringadinnerandhewillbeconsideredasimpolite.Thisessaydescribeswhatarolethehosts,theguests,andthewaitersplayindifferentcultures.Theessaydistinguishesthedifferenttablemannersindetailsforthehosts,theguestsandthewaitersbefore,duringandafterdinnerindifferentculturalbackground.Thepaperimpliesthatgoodtablemannersareessentialinsocialcommunication.Itissignificantforeveryonetolearnsomethingabouttablemannersindifferentcultures,especiallytoimproveself-image.

Keywords:

tablemanners，differences,culture

摘要

随着社会交际和文化交流的深入发展，人们和不同地域之间的交往也日益频繁，作为社交礼仪中不可或缺的一部分，餐桌礼仪所占的分量也越来越重。

在文化各异的宴请中，无论是主人、客人、还是侍者，其所扮演的角色都各有千秋。

只有对餐饮过程中各种礼仪有所了解，才能在社交中如鱼得水，应付自如。

若不懂有关餐饮的具体礼仪要求，显然会使自己在餐桌上不知所措，除了尴尬之外，还会使自己的社交形象大打折扣。

本文从宴请中主、客、侍三者在不同文化背景中扮演的不同角色入手，指出不同文化背景下主、客、侍三者在餐前、餐中和餐后得体举止的差异，并阐明良好的餐桌礼仪是人们在生活中一种重要的社交方法。

了解不同文化背景下的餐桌礼仪对于在社会交际中提升自己的社交形象尤为重要。

关键词：

餐桌礼仪，差异，文化

Contents

Introduction…………………………………………………………..…1

I.ToBeAGoodHost……………………..…………………….….......1

1.1DifferentMethodsinPreparingDinner……………………..…...1

1.2DifferentWaysinEntertainingGuests……………….……….…3

1.3StylesofPayingtheBill..…………………………………….….5

II.ServicetoTheGuests…………………………...............…………..5

3.1WaysofWelcomingGuests………….............…………………..5

2.2DifferencesinSettingTable……………….............…………….6

2.3ServiceDuringDinner…………………….........................……..6

2.4ServiceAfterDinner…………………....................……………..7

III.ToBeAPopularGuest……………………………...………………7

3.1WaysofPresentingGifts…………………………………..…….7

3.2ThePopularTimetoArrive………………..……………...……..8

3.3DifferentSignalsofStartingMeals……………………..……….9

3.4TipsinUsingTableware………………………………...…….…9

3.5DifferentActivitiesafterDinner…………………...............…...12

3.6DifferentWaystoMakeFarewell……………............…………12

Conclusion……………………………………………...........................13

Bibliography………………………………............................................14

Introduction

Appropriatetablemannersisaninsuranceofasuccessfulparty.Moreandmoresociologistsarestudyingtablemannersnowadays,theypointoutthatdifferentculturalbackgroundhasitsowntablemannersandeveryonecoulddobetterduringadinnerifheknowsthedifferenttablemannersofsomecountries.

ThepaperportraysdifferenttablemannersbetweenChinaandwesterncountriesindetails,suchasChinesepeopleusuallychoosea“lucky”dateaccordingtotheirlunarcalendarwhenholdingaparty,Chinesehostwillprepareatonoffoodforallthegueststoshowhisenthusiasm,andtheeldestpersonisthefirstonetogetseat;whilethehostinthewestneverinvites13people,theprinciple“ladyfirst”istheprimaryruleinwesterntables,andthehostessisasignalindinnerthroughthewholeparty;guestspresentflowersforeheadinwesterncountries;itisungraciousforwaitersservedishesamongguestsinChina,butwaitersinwesterncountriesgetsometipsfromthehost,cutfoodfortheguestsduringthemealsandsoon.Withthedevelopmentofsocietyandcivilization,tablemannershavebecomeapartofcross-culturalcommunication,goodtablemannershavebecomemoreandmoreimportantforeverybody.Apersonwhohasgoodtablemannersnotonlycanavoidembarrassmentduringdinner,butalsocanimproveself-imageinsociallife.TolearndifferenttablemannersinChineseandwesterncountrieshasbecomefashionablenowadays.

I.ToBeAGoodHost

1.1DifferentMethodsinPreparingDinner

1.1.1TheAppropriateTime

Thefirstthatthehostshouldconsideristheperfecttimetoholdthepartyifhewishesallofhisguestsarriveintime.InChina,peoplelikenumber“six”verymuch,theybelievednumbersixmeans“lucky”,theyoftentreattheirguestsonthedatehavingthenumber“six”.Meanwhile,asChinahasalongtraditionalhistory,theyalwayssearchfora“lucky”dayintheirlunarcalendarifthepartyisimportant.Ifitisatemporaryparty,theywouldholditinthefollowingFridayeveningorthefollowingweekends.

Inwesterncountries,number“seven”andnumber“thirteen”aretaboos.Thehostsalwaysavoidthetwonumberswhendecidingthedate.Westernpeopleconsidertheirprivatetimeisveryimportant,theypreferdowhattheylikeandotherprivatethingsintheirholidaysorotherprivatetimeratherthanattendaparty,westernpeopleneverinvitetheirguestsinweekendsorholidays.

1.1.2NumbersAtDinner

Traditionallyspeaking,Chinesepeopleconsider“togettogether（“团圆”）”astheirfirstjoyintheirdailylife.AChinesehostwillchoosearoundtabletoentertainhisguests,theroundshapesymbolizesharmonyandreunityinChinesemind.Generallyspeaking,thetableisbigenoughtoservetenortwelvepeopleinChina,Chinesepeoplealwaysthinkthat“Fortunesnevercomealone”,Chinesehostsaretryingtoavoidtheevennumberaspossibleastheycanwheninvitingguests.

Inwesterncountries,liketheirtradition,itiscommontousearectangletabletotreattheirguests.Thehostwillnotcaresomuchwhetherthenumberofhisguestsisoddoreven,whiletheywouldneverarrangethirteenpeopletositatatable!

TheBiblesaysthatJesuswasbetrayedbyoneofhisapostlesJuda.InthefamousgiantpainterDaVinci’swork,thereisapaintportrayingJesushavingsupperwithhisapostlesbeforehedied,andJudaisthethirteenthpersonwhocamein.MostofwesternpeoplebelieveinJususandtheyareafraidthatthenumber“thirteen”willmaketheirdailylifegetintotrouble,theyneverinvitethirteenpeopleforadinner,eveniftherearethirteenpeoplecomingtotheparty,theywouldinviteonemorepersontoavoidthenumber“thirteen”intemporary.

1.2DifferentWaysinEntertainingGuests

1.2.1WaystoSetSeats

Seatarrangementhasitsownspecialmeaningindifferentcountriesovertheworld.TheseatthatfacestothedoorisregardedasthebestpositioninthetableinChina,theguestwhositsthereshouldberespected.Generallyspeaking,theseniorpeoplealwayssitfirstly,thenthehonoredguests,otherguests,thehost,andfinally,thehostess.

Westernpeoplehavetheirspecialmethodinsettingseats,accordingtotheprinciple“ladiesfirst”allthetime,hostessisthefirstonetogetseatatdinner.Intheirseatarrangement,thehostessisfirst,thenthemalehonoredguests,thefemalehonoredguests,otherguests,andthehost.Ontheirrectangletable,hostandhostesssitoppositetoeachotherinthemiddleofthetable,thehonoredguestsusuallysitontherighthandofhost,thentheotherguests.Themaleandfemaleguestsshouldsitcrossedonwesterntable,thatis,theremustbeamanfacedtoalady,andonherleftandrighthand,thereshouldbemen.Meanwhile,friendsneversittogether,butstrangersarearrangedtogether.Itislookedasaconsideratearrangementforguestsbecausetheycanmakemorefriendsintheparty,ontheotherhand,itisalsoaneffectivewaytohighlightatmosphereatdinner.

1.2.2WaystoHighlighttheDinner

Everyonehastheirownsharingoffoodinwesterntable,whileinChina,thedishesareplacedonthetableandeveryoneshares.Actually,thereisalwaysanadditionalsuitoftablewareonthetable,Chinesehostwouldusetheadditionalchopsticks（“公筷”,common/publicchopsticks）toserveeveryguesttoshowhisenthusiasm.Chinesepeopleareveryproudoftheirfoodculture,theywilldotheirbesttogivetheirguestsatasteofmanydifferenttypesofChinesecuisineattable.Theguestswillfindthereisahugeamountoffoodthatisdifficulttofinish,andthehostalwaysaddatonoffoodtoguests’bowlduringdinner.ThisisasignofpolitenessinChina.Thecourteousmanneristoeattheaddedcuisineandpraisehowdeliciousitispolitely.Iftheguestsfeelenoughwiththis,theycanjustexpressapolitethank-youandleavethefoodthere,andmaybecoveritupwithlittlericewhenothersdon’tnoticethat.

Inthewest,everyguesthastheirownplate,theyeatwhattheylikefreelyattable,andthehostneverhelpshisgueststochoosedishes.Accordingtotheirthoughts,everybodyhastheirrightstochoosewhattheylike.Itisanindignityforgueststhatthehostdecideswhattheylikeduringdinner,whichisquitedifferentfromChina.

AlcoholisanessentialpartofmealsbothinwesterncountriesandinChina.Itisacon