中西式餐桌礼仪的差异.docx

1、中西式餐桌礼仪的差异毕业论文题目：中西式餐桌礼仪的差异Title: The Differences in Chinese and Western Table Manners2009 年 5 月 22 日AcknowledgementsThis paper is developed from several months of study at school library. Numerous people have given me helping hands in completing this paper. My greatest gratitude is to my tutor Zhan

2、g Yun, she made insightful suggestions that contributed in an important way to the framework of this paper. She took lots of time from her busy schedule to read the paper and revise it. I owe a lot to her. Im also deeply grateful to the teachers who have taught me before, during these years of Engli

3、sh study, I benefit a lot.I also want to thank the authors who wrote many books which are very useful to help me to finish my paper, all their work helped me a lot. And thank all my friends at the same time, their advice for my paper is like a shine in the cloudy day!AbstractMore and more people kee

4、p in touch with others who come from different regions with the development of social communication and culture transmission. As an essential part of the social communication, table manners is considered more and more important. In different cultural background, the roles of the host, the guest and

5、the waiter in the process of dinning are quite different. A person could be popular at the table if he knows something about different table manners for different types of party, or he will get into embarrassment during a dinner and he will be considered as impolite. This essay describes what a role

6、 the hosts, the guests, and the waiters play in different cultures. The essay distinguishes the different table manners in details for the hosts, the guests and the waiters before, during and after dinner in different cultural background. The paper implies that good table manners are essential in so

7、cial communication. It is significant for everyone to learn something about table manners in different cultures, especially to improve self-image.Key words: table manners，differences, culture摘要 随着社会交际和文化交流的深入发展，人们和不同地域之间的交往也日益频繁，作为社交礼仪中不可或缺的一部分，餐桌礼仪所占的分量也越来越重。在文化各异的宴请中，无论是主人、客人、还是侍者，其所扮演的角色都各有千秋。只有对

8、餐饮过程中各种礼仪有所了解，才能在社交中如鱼得水，应付自如。若不懂有关餐饮的具体礼仪要求，显然会使自己在餐桌上不知所措，除了尴尬之外，还会使自己的社交形象大打折扣。本文从宴请中主、客、侍三者在不同文化背景中扮演的不同角色入手，指出不同文化背景下主、客、侍三者在餐前、餐中和餐后得体举止的差异，并阐明良好的餐桌礼仪是人们在生活中一种重要的社交方法。了解不同文化背景下的餐桌礼仪对于在社会交际中提升自己的社交形象尤为重要。关键词：餐桌礼仪，差异，文化ContentsIntroduction.1I. To Be A Good Host.11.1 Different Methods in Preparin

9、g Dinner.11.2 Different Ways in Entertaining Guests.31.3 Styles of Paying the Bill.5II. Service to The Guests.53.1 Ways of Welcoming Guests.52.2 Differences in Setting Table.62.3 Service During Dinner.62.4 Service After Dinner.7III. To Be A Popular Guest.73.1 Ways of Presenting Gifts.73.2 The Popula

10、r Time to Arrive.83.3 Different Signals of Starting Meals.93.4 Tips in Using Tableware.93.5 Different Activities after Dinner.123.6 Different Ways to Make Farewell.12Conclusion.13Bibliography.14IntroductionAppropriate table manners is an insurance of a successful party. More and more sociologists ar

11、e studying table manners nowadays, they point out that different cultural background has its own table manners and everyone could do better during a dinner if he knows the different table manners of some countries.The paper portrays different table manners between China and western countries in deta

12、ils, such as Chinese people usually choose a “lucky” date according to their lunar calendar when holding a party, Chinese host will prepare a ton of food for all the guests to show his enthusiasm, and the eldest person is the first one to get seat; while the host in the west never invites 13 people,

13、 the principle “lady first” is the primary rule in western tables, and the hostess is a signal in dinner through the whole party; guests present flowers forehead in western countries; it is ungracious for waiters serve dishes among guests in China, but waiters in western countries get some tips from

14、 the host, cut food for the guests during the meals and so on. With the development of society and civilization, table manners have become a part of cross-cultural communication, good table manners have become more and more important for everybody. A person who has good table manners not only can av

15、oid embarrassment during dinner, but also can improve self-image in social life. To learn different table manners in Chinese and western countries has become fashionable nowadays.I. To Be A Good Host 1.1 Different Methods in Preparing Dinner1.1.1 The Appropriate TimeThe first that the host should co

16、nsider is the perfect time to hold the party if he wishes all of his guests arrive in time. In China, people like number “six” very much, they believed number six means “lucky”, they often treat their guests on the date having the number “six”. Meanwhile, as China has a long traditional history, the

17、y always search for a “lucky” day in their lunar calendar if the party is important. If it is a temporary party, they would hold it in the following Friday evening or the following weekends.In western countries, number “seven” and number “thirteen” are taboos. The hosts always avoid the two numbers

18、when deciding the date. Western people consider their private time is very important, they prefer do what they like and other private things in their holidays or other private time rather than attend a party, western people never invite their guests in weekends or holidays.1.1.2 Numbers At DinnerTra

19、ditionally speaking, Chinese people consider “to get together (“团圆” ) ” as their first joy in their daily life. A Chinese host will choose a round table to entertain his guests, the round shape symbolizes harmony and reunity in Chinese mind. Generally speaking, the table is big enough to serve ten o

20、r twelve people in China, Chinese people always think that “Fortunes never come alone”, Chinese hosts are trying to avoid the even number as possible as they can when inviting guests.In western countries, like their tradition, it is common to use a rectangle table to treat their guests. The host wil

21、l not care so much whether the number of his guests is odd or even, while they would never arrange thirteen people to sit at a table! The Bible says that Jesus was betrayed by one of his apostles Juda. In the famous giant painter Da Vincis work, there is a paint portraying Jesus having supper with h

22、is apostles before he died, and Juda is the thirteenth person who came in. Most of western people believe in Jusus and they are afraid that the number “thirteen” will make their daily life get into trouble, they never invite thirteen people for a dinner, even if there are thirteen people coming to t

23、he party, they would invite one more person to avoid the number “thirteen” in temporary.1.2 Different Ways in Entertaining Guests1.2.1 Ways to Set SeatsSeat arrangement has its own special meaning in different countries over the world. The seat that faces to the door is regarded as the best position

24、 in the table in China, the guest who sits there should be respected. Generally speaking, the senior people always sit firstly, then the honored guests, other guests, the host, and finally, the hostess. Western people have their special method in setting seats, according to the principle “ladies fir

25、st” all the time, hostess is the first one to get seat at dinner. In their seat arrangement, the hostess is first, then the male honored guests, the female honored guests, other guests, and the host. On their rectangle table, host and hostess sit opposite to each other in the middle of the table, th

26、e honored guests usually sit on the right hand of host, then the other guests. The male and female guests should sit crossed on western table, that is, there must be a man faced to a lady, and on her left and right hand, there should be men. Meanwhile, friends never sit together, but strangers are a

27、rranged together. It is looked as a considerate arrangement for guests because they can make more friends in the party, on the other hand, it is also an effective way to highlight atmosphere at dinner.1.2.2 Ways to Highlight the DinnerEveryone has their own sharing of food in western table, while in

28、 China, the dishes are placed on the table and everyone shares. Actually, there is always an additional suit of tableware on the table, Chinese host would use the additional chopsticks (“公筷”, common/public chopsticks) to serve every guest to show his enthusiasm. Chinese people are very proud of thei

29、r food culture, they will do their best to give their guests a taste of many different types of Chinese cuisine at table. The guests will find there is a huge amount of food that is difficult to finish, and the host always add a ton of food to guests bowl during dinner. This is a sign of politeness

30、in China. The courteous manner is to eat the added cuisine and praise how delicious it is politely. If the guests feel enough with this, they can just express a polite thank-you and leave the food there, and maybe cover it up with little rice when others dont notice that.In the west, every guest has

31、 their own plate, they eat what they like freely at table, and the host never helps his guests to choose dishes. According to their thoughts, everybody has their rights to choose what they like. It is an indignity for guests that the host decides what they like during dinner, which is quite different from China.Alcohol is an essential part of meals both in western countries and in China. It is a con