完整word版高一英语定语从句讲解.docx

完整word版高一英语定语从句讲解.docx

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完整word版高一英语定语从句讲解

高一定语从句讲解

嘉定二中高一英语组

第一讲

1、功能：

相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语

一：

先行词：

被定语从句所修饰的词

二：

关系代词：

用来连接定语从句，并在从句中代表先行词的代词。

先行词是物：

whichthat

先行词是人：

whowhomthat

在从句中充当的成分：

主语、宾语

（1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。

（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。

e.g.把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句

1.Theyhadaradio.Itcouldsendoutmessages.

Theyhadaradiowhich/thatcouldsendoutmessage.（主语）

2.Thegirlismybestfriend.Shespokejustnow.

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3.Healwaysbuyssomebooks.Heneverreadthem.

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注意点：

1.）定语从句一般直接跟在先行词的后面：

e.g.4.Themanwholivesnextdoorsellsvegetables.

Themansellsvegetableswholivesnextdoor.（×）

5.Thecarwhichmyunclejustboughtwasdestroyedintheearthquake.

Thecarwasdestroyedintheearthquakewhichmyunclejustbought.（×）

2．）关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略：

e.g.6.Theyoungman（whom）yousawwasourmanager.

7.Thereissomething（that）wemustkeepinmind.

找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分

1.Themanwhotoldmethenewsrefusedtogivemethename.

2.TheairlinehasabookletwhichwilltellyoumostoftheimportantthingsaboutatriptoEurope.

3.Hefoundadollarbillthathehadforgotteninasuit.

4.Heisthemanwhomweallrespect.

5.Thereissomebodywhowantstoseeyou.

6.ThehouseIwouldliketobuyisnotforsale.

7.Thebicyclemyunclegavemewasveryexpensive.

第二讲

whose的用法：

关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格，即“的”时，它既可以修饰指人的先行词，也可以修饰指物的先行词。

e.g.1.Thegirlismydaughter.Herworkgotthefirstprize.

Thegirlwhoseworkgotthefirstprizeismydaughter.

2.Thebookisnotmine.Thecoverofitisred.

Thebookwhosecoverisredisnotmine（Thebookthecoverofwhichisredisnotmine）

3.Doyouknowanyone?

HisfamilyisinXi’an.

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4.Iliveintheroom.Thewindowsofitfacesouth.

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5.Thechairhasbeenrepaired.Thelegofitwasbroken.

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限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

1、限制性定语从句：

从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。

e.g.Iwastheonlypersoninourofficewhowasinvited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）

2、非限制性定语从句：

从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。

形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。

e.g.Tom’sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.

（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）

that与which的区别

1）用that而不用which的情况

①先行词为不定代词all,anything,nothing,,little,few,muchsomethingsomeone

；②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；

③先行词有theonly,thevery,any,thesame,thelast等词修饰；

④先行词既有人又有物时。

5.避免重复

Whoisthepersonthatisstandingthere?

e.g.Thereisnothingthatcanpreventhimfromdoingit.没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。

ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。

______________________________________这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。

_______________________________________史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。

2）用which而不用that的情况：

①引导非限制性定语从句；

②指代前面整个主句的意思；

③介词+关系代词。

e.g.Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.

Thisistheroominwhichmyfatherlivedlastyear.

找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分

1.Whatistheaddressofthefactorywhoseadvertisementwenoticedtheotherday.

2.Isawsometreeswhoseleaveswereblackwithdisease.

3.ItwasameetingwhoseimportanceIdidn’trealizeatthetime.

4.TheGreatWallwasthefirstplacethatwenttovisitwhiletheywereinChina.

5.MissSmith,whoyoumetatourhouse,isgoingtomarryMr.Harry.

6.Hefailedintheexam,whichmadehisclassmatessurprised.

第三讲

关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时，关系代词只能用which或whom

e.g.1.Themanisafamousrunner.Youtalkedtohimjustnow.

Themantowhomyoutalkjustnowisafamousrunner.

2.Thechairismadeofwood.Heissittingonitnow.

Thechaironwhichheissittingnowismadeofwood.

3.Heisalibraryassistant.Iborrowedsomebooksfromhim.

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4.Itisafamousschool.Hegraduatedfromit3yearsago.

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介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配，

Whoisthegirlwithwhomyoujustshookhands?

（shakehandswith…是习惯性搭配）

介词常受先行词的制约（即介词和先行词的搭配），

Hebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudytheskies.（throughwhich即throughthetelescope）

有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，（lookaftertakecareoflookfor）

e.g.5.Heisthestudent./Theteachersarelookingforhim.

Heisthestudentwhotheteachersarelookingfor.

6.Thenumberofthechildrenis30./Shetakescareofthechildren.

Thenumberofthechildrenwhoshetakescareofis30.

找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分

1.Thisisthehouseaboutwhichwewrotetoyou.

2.WuDong,withwhomIwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.

3.Heusedtoliveinabighouseinfrontofwhichgrewmanybananatrees.

4.ThisisPeterinwhosehouseIhavelivedforfiveyears.

第四讲

关系副词：

whenwherewhy

当先行词是表示时间的名词，用when，在定语从句中充当时间状语，这时一般可以用介词＋which来代替:

e.g.1.Iwillneverforgettheday./Iwenttouniversityonthatday.

Iwillneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIwenttouniversity.

2.Hestillrememberthemorning./Theearthquakehappenedonthatmorning.

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当先行词是表示地点的名词，用where，在定语从句中充当地点状语，这时一般可以用介词＋which来代替:

e.g.3.Thisisthehouse./Heusedtoliveinthehouse.

Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichheusedtolive.

4.Iknowofaplaceinwhich/wherewecanswim

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先行词是表示原因的名词，即reason，用why，在定语从句中充当原因状语，这时一般可以用for＋which来代替:

e.g.5.Idon’tknowthereason./Hediditforthisreason.

Idon’tknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidit.

6.Thereasonforwhich/whyhewasfiredwasnotclear..

Iwillneverforgettheday_which/that/不填___wespenttogetherinthecountryside

Iwillneverforgetthedays__duringwhich/when___westayedtogetherinthecountryside

Thisisthereason__that/which/不填_theytoldme

Thisisthereason_forwhich/why__heturnedthejob

f

找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分

1.Iknowaforestwhereyoucanfindwildstrawberries.

2.Isthereanyreasonwhyyoushouldhaveaholiday.

3.IwillshowyouthewaytotheFriendshipHotelwhereforeignvisitorsarestaying.

4.Besuretocallonusnexttimewhenyoucometotown.

5.WeshallneverforgetthedayswhenwewereunitedasonetofightagainsttheJapanese.

第五讲

注意点：

要注意判断关系词及关系词在从句中所充当的成分。

e.g.1.ThisisthehouseHevisitedityesterday.

Thisisthehouse.Heoncelivedinit.

Thisisthehousewhich/that//hevisitedyesterday.

Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichheoncelived.

2.Wewillremembertheday.Wespentthedaytogether.

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Wewillremembertheday.Weworkedonthisdaytogether.

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找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分

1.IwillshowyoutothefactorywhichproducesthiskindofTVsets.

2.Iwillshowyoutothefactorywherehehasworkedforfiveyears.

3.Iwillshowyoutothefactorywhoseworkersarealldisabledpeople.

4.Iwillshowyoutothefactorywhichyourfactoryoncevisitedfiveyearsago.

第六讲

定语从句时特别注意的几个问题

as引导定语从句时的用法

1.as引导限制性定语从句通常用于thesame…as,such…as结构中。

e.g.SuchmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。

________________________________________________我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。

2.as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。

常用下列句型:

asisknowntoall,asissaid,asisreported,asisannounced,asweallknow,asIexpect等。

e.g.AsIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid-termexamination.正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。

关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。

e.g.ThemanwholivesdownstairsspeaksEnglishfluently.

ThestudentswhoareinGradeThreearegoingtoclimbthehilltomorrow.

Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasgotverygoodmarks.（one为先行词）

Heisoneofthestudentswhohavegotgoodmarksinthematch.（students为先行词）

定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。

e.g.ThereisanexpressioninhiseyesthatIcan’tunderstand.

引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词+which”来代替。

e.g.October1,1949wasthedayonwhich（=when）thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.

几个特殊的定语从句句型：

1.Isthisplacetheone（that）wevisitedyesterday?

Isthistheplace（that/which）wevisitedyesterday?

2.situation后常用where,inwhich引导定语从句：

Canyouimagineasituationwhere/inwhichyoucanusetheword?

3.way（方式，方法）后常用inwhich或that或省略来引导定语从句，也可省略：

Doyouknowtheway（inwhich/that/how）heworkedouttheproblem?

4.Hestoodatthewindow,fromwherehecouldseewhatwashappening.

Itmayrain,inwhichcasethematchwillbeputoff.

找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分

1.Heisateacher,asisclearformhismanner.

2.Asisknowntoall,waterresourcesareverylimitedontheearth.

3.Heusedsuchexpressionsashecouldfindinthetexts.

4.Theystayedforthenightinthesameroomastheyhadoncerented

5.Idon’tlikethewayhespeaks.

6.HeisoneofthestudentswhoknowtheJapanese.

7.HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoknowstheJapanese.

定语从句配套练习

第一讲

一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：

1.Thefanisonthedesk.Youwantit.

2.Themanisinthenextroom.Hebroughtourtextbookshereyesterday.

3.Themagazineismine.Hehastakenitaway.

4.Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.Theydon’tstudyhard.

5.Thewomanisourgeographyteacher.Yousawherinthepark.

6.Theletterisfrommysister.Ireceivedityesterday.

7.Theplaywaswonderful.Wesawitlastnight.

8.Thetrainwaslate.ItwasgoingtoNanning.

9.Theboyismybrother.Hewashereaminuteago.

10.Thetreeisquitetall.Heisclimbingit.

找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分

Thethiefwhohadrobbedthemanwascaughtbythepoliceman.

Ihavetomakeupforthetestthat