职称英语考试《理工类》历年真题精选及答案05142.docx

职称英语考试《理工类》历年真题精选及答案05142.docx

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职称英语考试《理工类》历年真题精选及答案05142

职称英语考试《理工类》历年真题精选及答案0514-2

1、WhatDoDreamsTellUs?

Whydowedream?

Dodreamshavemeanings?

Thesearequestionswhichhavetroubledmanforthousandsofyears.TheoldestsurvivingbookontheinterpretationofdreamsisEgyptianandisnearly4,000yearsold.InancientGreece,itwasthoughtthatpeoplewhowereillcouldbecuredbytellingtheirdreams.Theywouldrelatetheirdreamstotheirdoctorswhowouldtellthemwhattheymeantandthengivethemmedicinetomakethemwell.TheancientChinesebelievedthatifapregnantwomandreamedofabear,shewouldhaveason,andifshedreamedofasnake,shewouldhaveadaughter.Therearemanystoriesaboutdreamsforetelling（预言）thefuture.

Wecertainlydonotnowbelievethatdreamsforetellthefuture.Mostscientistsbelievethatdreamsarebasedoneventsinourownlifeandonourfeelings.Theeventsareusuallyveryrecent,mostlywithinthelasttwodays.Ouremotions,ontheotherhandourwishes,hopesandfearsmaygobackmanyyears,eventoearlychildhood.

Inadream,eventsarealtered.Adreammaycontainpartsofmanyreal-lifeevents.Mostimportantly,somethingthatcannotbeshowndirectlymaybeshownindirectly.Forexample,youmightdreamofdrivingalargecar.Thiscouldmeannotthatyouwanttohavealargercar,butthatyoudesirepower,andmaybeyouwanttocontrolotherpeople.Again,youmaydreamthatyouareanactorinaplay.Theplayisabouttostart,butyouhavecompletelyforgotyourlines.Thisdreammayseemstrangebecauseyouarenotinterestedinacting,andyouneverwanttobeinaplay.Butthedreammaymeanthatyouhavesomeotherproblemthatyoufeelistoodifficultforyoutosolve.

Psychologistsbelievethatdreamsmaybehelpfultous.Indeed,peoplewhohavebeenallowedtosleepinexperiments,butnotallowedtodream,havebecomeanxiousandrestless.Andwhentheyarelaterallowedtosleepasmuchastheylike,theydreammorethanevertomakeusforthelost"dreamtime".

Paragraph2______

【单选题】

A.Structureandinterpretationofadream

B.Ancientviewsondreams

C.Babiesdreamlessthanolderchildren

D.Dreamingmaybegoodforourhealth

E.Dreamscannotforetellthefuture

F.Healthypeopledonotdream

正确答案:

E

答案解析:

第二段主题句为第一句：

Wecertainlydonotnowbelievethatdreamsforetellthefuture.现在的我们一定不会相信梦能够预见未来。

E选项Dreamscannotforetellthefuture（梦不能预言未来）与其意思一致，故E为正确答案。

2、Animal's"SixthSense"

AtsunamiwastriggeredbyanearthquakeintheIndianOceaninDecember,2004.ItkilledtensofthousandsofpeopleinAsiaandEastAfrica,Wildanimals,however,seemtohaveescapedthatterribletsunami.Thisphenomenonaddsweighttonotionsthattheypossessa"sixthsense"fordisasters,expertssaid.

SriLankanWildlifeofficialshavesaidthegiantwavesthatkilledover24,000peoplealongtheIndianOceanisland'scoastclearly______wildbeasts,withnodeadanimalsfound.

"Noelephantsaredead,notevenadeadrabbit.Ithinkanimalscansensedisaster.Theyhaveasixthsense.Theyknowwhenthingsarehappening"H.D.Ratnayake,deputydirectorofSriLanka'sWildlifeDepartment,saidaboutonemonthafterthetsunamiattack.Thewaveswashedfloodwatersupto2milesinlandatYalaNationalParkintheravagedsoutheast,SriLanka'sbiggestwildlifereserveandhometohundredsofwildelephantsandseveralleopards.

"Therehasbeenalotofscientificevidenceaboutdogsbarkingorbirdsmigratingbeforevolcaniceruptionsorearthquakes.Butithasnotbeenproven,"saidMatthewvanLierop,ananimalbehaviorassistantatJohannesburgZoo."Therehavebeennospecialiststudiesbecauseyoucan'treallytestitinalaborfieldsetting,"hetoldReuters.Otherauthoritiesconcurredwiththisassessmetn.

"Wildlifeseemtobeabletopickupcertainphenmenon,especiallybirds.Therearemanyreportsofbirdsdetectingimpendingdisasters,"saidCliveWalker,whohaswrittenseveralbooksonAfricanwildlife.

Animalscertainlyrelyontheknownsensessuchassmellorhearingtoavoiddangersuchaspredators.Thenotionofananimal"sixthsense"-orsomeothermythicalpower-isanenduringonewhichtheevidenceonSriLanka'sravagedcoastislikelytoaddto.TheRomanssawowlsasomensofimpendingdisasterandmanyancientculturesviewedelephantsassacredanimalsendowedwithspecialpowersorattributes.

【单选题】

A.missed

B.protected

C.raised

D.caught

正确答案:

A

答案解析:

本句对比海啸造成人员伤亡和动物逃脱海啸这一现象。

答案应该是选项A，其他选项中三个词的词义与上下文都不相配。

3、CellPhoneLetsYourSecretOut

Yourcellphoneholdssecretsaboutyou.Besidesthenamesandnumbersthatyou'veprogrammedintoit,tracesofyourDNAlingeronthedevice,accordingtoanewstudy.

DNAisgeneticmaterialthatappearsineverycell.Likeyourfingerprint,yourDNAisuniquetoyou-______youhaveanidenticaltwin.ScientiststodayroutinelyanalyzeDNAinblood,saliva,orhairleftbehindatthesceneofacrime.Theresultsoftenhelpdetectivesidentifycriminalsandtheirvictims.Yourcellphonecanrevealmoreaboutyouthanyoumightthink.

MeghanJ.McFadden,ascientistatMcMasterUniversityinHamilton,Ontario,heardaboutacrimeinwhichthesuspectbledontoacellphoneandlaterdroppedthedevice.ThismadeherwonderwhethertracesofDNAlingeredoncellphonesevenwhennobloodwasinvolved.SosheandcolleagueMargaretWallaceoftheCityUniversityofNewYorkanalyzedtheflipopenphonesof10volunteers.Theyusedswabstocollectinvisibletracesoftheusersfromtwopartsofthephone:

theoutside,wheretheuserholdsit,andthespeaker,whichisplacedattheuser'sear.

Thescientistsscrubbedthephonesusingasolutionmademostlyofalcohol.TheaimofwashingwastoremovealldetectabletracesofDNA.Theownersgottheirphonesbackforanotherweek.Thentheresearcherscollectedthephonesandrepeatedtheswabbingofeachphoneoncemore.

ThescientistsdiscoveredDNAthatbelongedtothephone'sspeakeroneachofthephones.Bettersampleswerecollectedfromtheoutsideofeachphone,thoseswabsalsopickedupDNAthatbelongedtootherpeoplewhohadapparentlyalsohandledthephone.Surprisingly,DNAshowedupeveninswabsthatweretakenimmediatelyafterthephoneswerescrubbed.Thatsuggeststhatwashingwon'tremovealltracesofevidencefromacriminal'sdevice.Socellphonescannowbeaddedtothelistofcluesthatcanclinchacrimesceneinvestigation.

【单选题】

A.because

B.unless

C.although

D.still

正确答案:

B

答案解析:

上文的意思是：

如同指纹，你的DNA是独一无二的。

因此，此处必须选择unless，其他选择均不符合句义，也违背了我们对DNA的基本常识。

4、BetterControlofTBSeenifaFasterCureisFound

TheWorldHealthOrganizationestimatesthataboutone-thirdofallpeopleareinfectedwithbacteriathatcausetuberculosis.Mosttimes,theinfectionremainsinactive.ButeachyearabouteightmillionpeopledevelopactivecasesofTB,usuallyintheirlungs.Twomillionpeopledieofit.ThediseasehasincreasedwiththespreadofAIDSanddrug-resistantformsoftuberculosis.

Currenttreatmentstakeatleastsixmonths.Patientshavetotakeacombinationofseveralantibioticdrugsdaily.Butmanypeoplestopassoonastheyfeelbetter.Doingthatcanleadtoaninfectionthatresiststreatment.Publichealthexpertsagreethatafaster-actingcurefortuberculosiswouldbemoreeffective.Nowastudyestimatesjusthoweffectiveitmightbe.AprofessorofinternationalhealthatHarvardUniversityledthestudy.JoshuaSalomonsaysashortertreatmentprogramwouldlikelymeannotjustmorepatientscured.Itwouldalsomeanfewerinfectiouspatientswhocanpassontheirinfectiontoothers.

Theresearchersdevelopedamathematicalmodeltoexaminetheeffectsofatwo-monthtreatmentplan.TheytestedthemodelwithcurrentTBconditionsinSoutheastAsia.Thescientistsfoundthatatwo-monthtreatmentcouldpreventabouttwentypercentofnewcases.Anditmightpreventabouttwenty-fivepercentofTBdeaths.Themodelshowsthatthesereductionswouldtakeplacebetweentwothousandtwelveandtwothousandthirty.Thatis,ifafastercureisdevelopedandinwideusebytwothousandtwelve.

TheWorldHealthOrganization______theDOTSprograminnineteenninety.DOTSisDirectlyObservedTreatment,Short-course.Healthworkerswatchtuberculosispatientstaketheirdailypillstomakesuretheycontinuetreatment.

Earlierthisyear,aninternationalpartnershipoforganizationsannouncedaplantoexpandtheDOTSprogram.Theten-yearplanalsoaimstofinanceresearchintonewTBdrugs.Thefourmostcommondrugsusednowaremorethanfortyyearsold.TheGlobalAllianceforTBDrugDevelopmentsaysitslong-termgoalisatreatmentthatcouldworkinasfewastendoses.

【单选题】

A.developed

B.invented

C.delayed

D.refused

正确答案:

A

答案解析:

空白处的上一句实际上也起到了提示作用，可以推测，本句应该是“制订DOTS计划”，而4个选项中只有A有“制订”的意思，计划也不可能是“发明”，从上下文分析，更不可能是“推迟”或“拒绝”。

5、InventorofLED

WhenNickHolonyaksetouttocreateanewkindofvisiblelightingusingsemiconductoralloys,hiscolleaguesthoughthewasunrealistic.Today,hisdiscoveryoflight-emittingdiodes,orLEDs,areusedineverythingfromDVDstoalarmclockstoairports.Dozensofhisstudentshavecontinuedhiswork,developinglightingusedintrafficlightsandothereverydaytechnology.

OnApril23,2004,Holonyakreceivedthe$500,000Lemelson-MITPrizeataceremonyinWashington.ThismarksthelOthyearthattheLemelson-MITProgramattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）hasgiventheawardtoprominentinventors."Anytimeyougetanawardbigorlittle.It'salwaysasurprise."Holonyraksaid.Holonyak,75,wasastudentofjohnBardeen,aninventorofthetransistor,intheearly1950s.Aftergraduateschool,HolonyakworkedatBenLabs.HelaterwenttoGeneralElectric,whereheinven