职称英语考试《理工类》历年真题精选及答案05142.docx

1、职称英语考试理工类历年真题精选及答案05142职称英语考试理工类历年真题精选及答案0514-2 1、What Do Dreams Tell Us?Why do we dream? Do dreams have meanings? These are questions which have troubled man for thousands of years. The oldest surviving book on the interpretation of dreams is Egyptian and is nearly 4,000 years old. In ancient Greec

2、e, it was thought that people who were ill could be cured by telling their dreams. They would relate their dreams to their doctors who would tell them what they meant and then give them medicine to make them well. The ancient Chinese believed that if a pregnant woman dreamed of a bear, she would hav

3、e a son, and if she dreamed of a snake, she would have a daughter. There are many stories about dreams foretelling (预言) the future.We certainly do not now believe that dreams foretell the future. Most scientists believe that dreams are based on events in our own life and on our feelings. The events

4、are usually very recent, mostly within the last two days. Our emotions, on the other hand our wishes, hopes and fears may go back many years, even to early childhood.In a dream, events are altered. A dream may contain parts of many real-life events. Most importantly, something that cannot be shown d

5、irectly may be shown indirectly. For example, you might dream of driving a large car. This could mean not that you want to have a larger car, but that you desire power, and maybe you want to control other people. Again, you may dream that you are an actor in a play. The play is about to start, but y

6、ou have completely forgot your lines. This dream may seem strange because you are not interested in acting, and you never want to be in a play. But the dream may mean that you have some other problem that you feel is too difficult for you to solve.Psychologists believe that dreams may be helpful to

7、us. Indeed, people who have been allowed to sleep in experiments, but not allowed to dream, have become anxious and restless. And when they are later allowed to sleep as much as they like, they dream more than ever to make us for the lost dream time.Paragraph 2 _【单选题】A.Structure and interpretation o

8、f a dreamB.Ancient views on dreamsC.Babies dream less than older childrenD.Dreaming may be good for our healthE.Dreams can not foretell the futureF.Healthy people do not dream正确答案:E答案解析:第二段主题句为第一句：We certainly do not now believe that dreams foretell the future. 现在的我们一定不会相信梦能够预见未来。E选项Dreams can not f

9、oretell the future（梦不能预言未来）与其意思一致，故E为正确答案。2、Animals Sixth SenseA tsunami was triggered by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean in December, 2004. It killed tens of thousands of people in Asia and East Africa, Wild animals, however, seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami. This phenomenon adds weight

10、 to notions that they possess a sixth sense for disasters, experts said.Sri Lankan Wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 people along the Indian Ocean islands coast clearly _ wild beasts, with no dead animals found.No elephants are dead, not even a dead rabbit. I think

11、 animals can sense disaster. They have a sixth sense. They know when things are happening H. D. Ratnayake, deputy director of Sri Lankas Wildlife Department, said about one month after the tsunami attack. The waves washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at Yala National Park in the ravaged southeas

12、t, Sri Lankas biggest wildlife reserve and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards.There has been a lot of scientific evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. But it has not been proven, said Matthew van Lierop, an animal behavior assis

13、tant at Johannesburg Zoo. There have been no specialist studies because you cant really test it in a lab or field setting, he told Reuters. Other authorities concurred with this assessmetn.Wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain phenmenon, especially birds. There are many reports of birds detect

14、ing impending disasters, said Clive Walker, who has written several books on African wildlife.Animals certainly rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators. The notion of an animal sixth sense -or some other mythical power-is an enduring one which the evidence

15、 on Sri Lankas ravaged coast is likely to add to. The Romans saw owls as omens of impending disaster and many ancient cultures viewed elephants as sacred animals endowed with special powers or attributes.【单选题】A.missedB.protectedC.raisedD.caught正确答案:A答案解析:本句对比海啸造成人员伤亡和动物逃脱海啸这一现象。答案应该是选项A，其他选项中三个词的词义与

16、上下文都不相配。3、Cell Phone Lets Your Secret OutYour cell phone holds secrets about you. Besides the names and numbers that youve programmed into it, traces of your DNA linger on the device, according to a new study.DNA is genetic material that appears in every cell. Like your fingerprint, your DNA is uniq

17、ue to you- _ you have an identical twin. Scientists today routinely analyze DNA in blood, saliva, or hair left behind at the scene of a crime. The results often help detectives identify criminals and their victims. Your cell phone can reveal more about you than you might think.Meghan J. McFadden, a

18、scientist at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, heard about a crime in which the suspect bled onto a cell phone and later dropped the device. This made her wonder whether traces of DNA lingered on cell phones even when no blood was involved. So she and colleague Margaret Wallace of the City U

19、niversity of New York analyzed the flip open phones of 10 volunteers. They used swabs to collect invisible traces of the users from two parts of the phone: the outside, where the user holds it, and the speaker, which is placed at the users ear.The scientists scrubbed the phones using a solution made

20、 mostly of alcohol. The aim of washing was to remove all detectable traces of DNA. The owners got their phones back for another week. Then the researchers collected the phones and repeated the swabbing of each phone once more.The scientists discovered DNA that belonged to the phones speaker on each

21、of the phones. Better samples were collected from the outside of each phone, those swabs also picked up DNA that belonged to other people who had apparently also handled the phone. Surprisingly, DNA showed up even in swabs that were taken immediately after the phones were scrubbed. That suggests tha

22、t washing wont remove all traces of evidence from a criminals device. So cell phones can now be added to the list of clues that can clinch a crime scene investigation.【单选题】A.becauseB.unlessC.althoughD.still正确答案:B答案解析:上文的意思是：如同指纹，你的DNA是独一无二的。因此，此处必须选择unless，其他选择均不符合句义，也违背了我们对DNA的基本常识。4、Better Control

23、 of TB Seen if a Faster Cure is FoundThe World Health Organization estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis. Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their lungs.

24、 Two million people die of it. The disease has increased with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis. Current treatments take at least six months. Patients have to take a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop as soon as they feel better. Doing that

25、can lead to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how effective it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorte

26、r treatment program would likely mean not just more patients cured. It would also mean fewer infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others. The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They tested the model with current TB condi

27、tions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might prevent about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these reductions would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is,

28、if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve. The World Health Organization _the DOTS program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make sure they continue treatment. Earlier

29、 this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research into new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development says its long-term

30、goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.【单选题】A.developedB.inventedC.delayedD.refused正确答案:A答案解析:空白处的上一句实际上也起到了提示作用，可以推测，本句应该是“制订DOTS计划”，而4个选项中只有A有“制订”的意思，计划也不可能是“发明”，从上下文分析，更不可能是“推迟”或“拒绝”。5、Inventor of LEDWhen Nick Holonyak set out to create a new kind of visible lighting using sem

31、iconductor alloys, his colleagues thought he was unrealistic. Today, his discovery of light-emitting diodes, or LEDs, are used in everything from DVDs to alarm clocks to airports. Dozens of his students have continued his work, developing lighting used in traffic lights and other everyday technology

32、. On April 23,2004, Holonyak received the $500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize at a ceremony in Washington. This marks the lOth year that the Lemelson-MIT Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has given the award to prominent inventors. Anytime you get an award big or little. Its always a surprise. Holonyrak said. Holonyak, 75, was a student of john Bardeen, an inventor of the transistor, in the early 1950s. After graduate school, Holonyak worked at Ben Labs. He later went to General Electric, where he inven