英语中常用的前缀和后缀.docx

英语中常用的前缀和后缀.docx

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英语中常用的前缀和后缀

英语中常用的前缀和后缀

一、常用的前缀和后缀

1、常用前缀

aero-：

concerningtheairofaircraft

plane-aeroplane

space-aerospace

anti-：

against；oppositeof

nuclear-antinuclear

matter-antimatter

war-antiwar

auto-：

oforbyoneself

biography-autobiography

criticism-autocriticism

be-：

totreatasthestatedthing

friend-befriend

little-belittle

bi-：

two；twice；double

lingual-bilingual

cycle-bicycle

bio-：

concerninglivingthings

chemistry-biochemistry

sphere-biosphere

by-，bye-：

lessimportant

produce-by-produce

way-byway

centi-：

hundredthpart

grade-centigrade

meter-centimeter

co-：

together，with

author-coauthor

exist-coexist

col-：

（usedbeforel）together，with

location-collocation

com-：

（usedbeforeb，m，p）together，with

passion-compassion

con-：

together，with

centric-concentric

federation-confederation

contra-：

opposite

diction-contradiction

natural-contranatural

cor-：

（usedbeforer）together，with

relate-correlate

respond-correspond

counter-：

opposite

act-counteract

attack-counterattack

cross-：

across；goingbetweenthestatedthingsandjoiningthem

country-crosscountry

breed-crossbreed

de-：

showinganopposite；toremove；toreduce

code-decode

value-devalue

dis-：

not；theoppositeof

advantage-disadvantage

agree-disagree

honest-dishonest

em-：

（usedbeforeb，m，p）tocausetobecome

body-embody

power-empower

en-：

tocausetobecome；tomake

danger-endanger

large-enlarge

ex-：

former（andstillliving）

minister-ex-minister

wife-ex-wife

extra-：

outside；beyond

curricular-extracurricular

ordinary-extraordinary

fore-：

inadvance，before；inoratthefront

arm-forearm

warn-forewarn

il-：

（usedbeforel）not

legal-illegal

literate-illiterate

im-：

（usedbeforeb，m，p）not

moral-immoral

possible-impossible

in-：

not

direct-indirect

sensitive-insensitive

infra-：

belowinarange；beyond

red-infrared

structure--infrastructure

inter-：

between；among

change--interchange

national--international

intra-：

inside，within；into

city--intracity

department--intra-department

ir-：

（usedbeforer）not

regular--irregular

responsible--irresponsible

kilo-：

thousand

gram--kilogram

meter--kilometer

macro-：

large，esp.concerningawholesystemratherthan

particularpartsof

economics--macroeconomics

structure--macrostructure

mal-：

badorbadly

function--malfunction

treat--maltreat

micro-：

extremelysmall

computer--microcomputer

electronics--microelectronics

mid-：

middle

day--midday

night--midnight

mini-：

small；short

bus--minibus

skirt--miniskirt

mis-：

badorbadly；wrongorwrongly

fortune--misfortune

understand--misunderstand

mono-：

one；single

plane--monoplane

tone--monotone

multi-：

morethanone；many

purpose--multipurpose

national--multinational

non-：

not

resident--non（-）resident

sense--nonsense

out-：

outside；beyond

live--outlive

door--outdoor

over-：

toomuch；above；additional

head--overhead

time--overtime

poly-：

many

centric--polycentric

syllabic--polysyllabic

post-：

laterthan；after

graduate--postgraduate

war--postwar

pre-：

before；inadvance

pay--prepay

war--prewar

pro-：

infavorof，supporting

America--pro-America

abortion--pro-abortion

pseudo-：

notreal；false

name--pseudonym

science--pseudoscience

re-：

again；backtotheformerstate

unite--reunite

use--reuse

self-：

bymeansofoneselforitself；of，to，with，for，orin

oneselforitself

employed--self-employed

taught--self-taught

semi-：

half；partly

circle--semicircle

final--semifinal

step-：

notbybirthbutthroughaparentwhohasremarried

mother--stepmother

children--stepchildren

sub-：

under，below；lessimportant；partofthestatedbigger

whole

divide--subdivide

section--subsection

super-：

more，larger，greaterthanusual

market--supermarket

natural--supernatural

tele-：

atoroveralongdistance；byorfortelevision

communication--telecommunication

screen--telescreen

therm（o）-：

concerningheat

chemistry--thermochemistry

meter--thermometer

trans-:

across,onortotheothersideof;between

Atlantic-transatlantic

plant-transplant

tri-:

three;threetimes

angular-triangular

cycle-tricycle

ultra-:

beyond;very,extremely

modern-ultramodern

sound-ultrasound

un-:

not

certain-uncertain

fortunate-unfortunate

under-:

toolittle;below

develop-underdevelop

sea-undersea

uni-:

one,singer

form-uniform

directional-unidirectional

vice-:

nextintherank;below

chairman-vice-chairman

president-vice-president

2.常用后缀

（1）名词后缀

-ability，-ibility

able-ability

flexible-flexibility

-age

post-postage

short-shortage

-al

arrive-arrival

refuse-refusal

-an，-ian，-arian

library-librarian

music-musician

-ance，-ence

appear-appearance

refer-reference

-ancy，-ency

emerge-emergency

expect-expectancy

-ant，-ent

apply-applicant

correspond-correspondent

-cy

accurate-accuratcy

private-privacy

-dom

king-kingdom

free-freedom

-ee

employ-employee

interview-interviewee

-er，-or，-ar

paint-painter

beg-beggar

-ery

brave-bravery

slave-slavery

-ese

China-Chinaese

Japan-Japanese

-ess

actor-actress

waiter-waitress

-ful

hand-handful

spoon-spoonful

-hood

child-childhood

man-manhood

-ics

electron-electronics

linguist-linguistics

-ion，-ition，-ation

collect-collection

observe-observation

-ism

Marx-Marxism

socialist-socialism

-ist

psychiatry-psychiatrist

violin-violinist

-ity，-ty

cruel-cruelty

pure-purity

-ment

move-movement

retire--retirement

-ness

dark--darkness

happy--happiness

-ology

climate--climatology

future--futurology

-ship

friend--friendship

scholar--scholarship

-sion，-ssion

decide--decision

expand--expansion

-th

grow--growth

wide--width

-ure

close--closure

expose--exposure

（2）动词前缀

-en

deep--deepen

fast--fasten

-ify

class--classify

simple--simplify

-ize，-ise

modern--modernize/modernize

popular--popularize/popularize

（3）形容词后缀

-able，-ible

suit--suitable

question--questionable

-al

nature--natural

structure--structural

-an，-arian，-ian

suburb--suburban

Canada--Canadian

-ant，-ent

differ--different

please--pleasant

-ary，-ory

advise--advisory

custom--customary

-ate

consider--considerate

fortune--fortunate

-en

gold--golden

wood--wooden

-ese

China--Chinese

Japan--Japanese

-free

care--carefree

duty--duty-free

-ful

care--careful

pain--painful

-ic，-ical

atom--atomic

psychology--psychological

-ish

girl--girlish

child--childish

-ive

create--creative

support--supportive

-less

hope--hopeless

pain--painless

-like

child--childlike

lady--ladylike

-ly

man--manly

month--monthly

-ous，-ious

danger--dangerous

poison--poisonous

-some

tire--tiresome

trouble--troublesome

-ward

down--downward

up--upward

-y

guilt-guilty

noise-noisy

（4）副词后缀

-ly

easy-easily

heavy-heavily

-ward，-wards

east-eastward（s）

north-northward（s）

-wise

clock-clockwise

other-otherwise