商务英语名词解释.docx

商务英语名词解释.docx

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商务英语名词解释

1.Budget—预算anaccountofprobablefutureincomeandexpenditureduringastated,period,usu.ayearusedasaguideinmakingfinancialarrangements.

2.Return—回报thegainfromaninvestment,eitherasincomeoryieldorasprofitonthesaleoftheinvestment.

3.Portfolio—证券投资组合theentirecollectionofinvestmentsintheformofstocks,bonds,orcertificateofdepositsforpurposesotherthancontrolling

4.Royalty—专利税moneypaidtotheownerofacopyrightforpermissiontopublishcopyrightmaterialandtotheownerofapatentforpermissiontouseapatenteddesign,usu.atagreedpercentageofthesellingpriceoftheproduct.

5.Patent—专利权aspecialrighttoaninventortobetheonlypersontomakeandsell,ortoauthorizeotherstomakeandsellanewly-inventedmachineorprocess.

6.Non-tariffbarrier—非贸易壁垒allformsofman-madeobstructionstointernationaltradeotherthantariffs,includingprohibitionsandquotas,etc.

7.Franchise—经销权anarrangementbywhichamonopolyproducerorownergivesanotherpermissionfortheexclusiverighttomanufactureorselltheproductsinacertainarea.

8.Purchasingpower—购买力ofpersons,thepublic,havingthemoneytobuygoodsandservices.

9.PPP—购买力平价purchasingpowerparity

10.tariff—关税taxleviedbythecustoms

11.barrierstotrade—贸易壁垒anyactionbyagovernmenttolimitorpreventthefreeflowofgoodsinandoutofitscountry.

12.primarycommodities—初级产品thosecommoditiesnotprocessed,oronlyslightlyprocessed,usuallyfarmproduceorrawmaterials

13.drawback—退税dutiespaidonimportedgoodsthatarerefundedwhenre-exported

14.specificduties—从量税dutiesleviedonthebasisofquantity,weight,sizeetc.ofthegoods

15.advaloremduties—从价税dutiesleviedonthebasisofthepriceofthegoods

16.carriage—运费thepriceorcostoftransportation

17.voluntaryoffer—主动发盘anoffermadeontheinitiativeoftheofferer

18.contractingparties—缔约方signatoriesofanagreement

19.forcemajeure—［不可抗力］socialornaturalcalamitiesthattakeplacebeyondthecontrolofacontractingparty

20.firmoffer—持盘anofferwhosetermsandconditionsarebindingontheoffer

21.offeree—受要约人thepartytowhomanofferismade

22.hyperinflation—极度通货膨胀soaringofpricesbeyondcontrol

23.inflation—通货膨胀riseinpricesbroughtaboutbytheexcessdemand,expansionofmoneysupply,creditetc.

24.protectionism—贸易保护主义thetheoryofthesystemofdevelopinghomecountriesthroughdutiesandothermeansimposedoncompetitiveimports

25.bilateral—双边的oftwosides

26.bundling—捆绑式销售theexchangeofgoodsorservicesaretiedtogether

27.creditors—债权人apersontowhomoneownsmoney

28.debtor—债务人apersonwhoowesmoney

29.default—违约failtocarryoutanobligation

30.draft—汇票anunconditionalordertosomeonetopayasumofmoney

31.remittance—汇款thesendingofmoneyorthemoneysent

32.drawer—出票人thepersonwhoissuesadraft,usuallytheexporter

33.drawee—受票人thepersontowhomadraftisdrawn

34.credit-worthiness—资信beingbelievedoracceptedbyothersasreliableinmakingpayment

35.applicantofanL/C—出口信用证theimporterthatgoestoabankfortheestablishmentofanL/C

36.beneficiary—受益人thecompanythatcanmakeuseofanL/Ctogetpaidforitsexport

37.confirmingbank—保兑行thebankthataddsitsowncommitmenttoanL/C

38.reimburse—退款paybacktosomebodyfortheexpenseshehasspent

39.cleancredit—光票信用证acreditthatdoesnotrequireshippingdocumentsforpayment

40.sightcredit—即期信用证acreditbywhichpaymentcanbemadeuponpresentationofthedraft

41.middleman—中间商traderthroughwhomgoodspassbetweentheproducerandtheconsumer

42.consignee—收货人thepartyinthebillofladingtowhomthegoodsareshipped

43.shippingmarks—唛头whatisprintedontheouterpackingofgoodsassymbolforidentificationinthecourseoftransportation

44.insurancepolicy—保险单adocumentusedforcoveringpossiblerisks

45.title—抬头righttothepossessionofapositionorproperty

46.insured—被保险人apersoncoveredbyaninsurancepolicy

47.premium—保险费theamountpaidbyaninsuredforcoverageunderthecontract

48.potentialloss—潜在损失losswhichispossibletoincur

49.claim—索赔apaymentdemandedinaccordancewithaninsurancepolicy

50.margin—利润amountabovewhatisestimatedasnecessary

51.underwriter—保险公司apersonwhocarriesoninsuranceasabusiness52.invoice—发票adocumentforthegeneraldescriptionofthegoodsandtheprice

pensation—赔偿金somethinggivenorreceivedasanequivalentforloss

54.pooling—联营acombinationoffundsformedforcommonadvantage

55.multi-modaltransportation—多式联运transportthatcombinesroad,rail,seaandair

56.redeem—兑换torepayorpayoff,esp.loanstock,debenturesandpreferencesharesorstock

57.settlement—结算theactofpayingabill,debt,charge,etc

58.exchangerate—汇率thepriceatwhichonecurrencycanbeexchangedforanothercurrency

59.moneycirculation—货币流通moneyinthehandsofthepublicandbeingusedtopayforgoodsandservices

60.devaluation—货币贬值theactofagovernmentinreducingbylawtheexchangevalueofitscurrencyinunitsofgoldorascomparedwithothercurrencies

61.reserve—储备金moneyheldasidetomeetfuturedemand

62.investment—投资theactofputtingmoneytouseinsomethingofferingprofitablereturns

63.quota—配额alimitplacedbyagovernmentontheamountofimportsorcommodity

64.VER—自动出口限制anagreementbyacountry'sexportersorgovernmenttolimittheirexportsorgovernmenttolimittheirexportstoanothercountry

65.intellectualproperty—知识产权certainnon-tangibleassetsheld,principallycoveringtheareasofpatentprotection,registeredtrademarksanddesigns,andcopy-right

66.taxholiday—免税期aperiodoftimeduringwhichtaxisnotlevied

67.jointventure—合资企业abusinesswheretheprovisionofriskcapitalissharedbetweentwoormorefirms

68.gilts—金边债券stocksissuedbygovernment

69.cost-effective—成本效益好producingoptimumresultsfortheexpenditure

70.anti-dumping—反倾销oneformofactionwhichmaybetakenbyagovernmenttoprotectindustriesfromunfaircompetitionbywhichgoodsaresoldatapricelowerthaninthecountrywheretheyaremanufactured

71.mandate—授权authoritygiventoperformaduty

72.contractingparty—缔约国acountryorfirmthatsignsalegalagreement

73.Visibletrade有形贸易:

Theformofcommoditytrade,i.e.exportingandimportinggoodsproducedormanufacturedinonecountryforconsumptionorresaleinanother.（includingcashtransaction-bymeansofmoneyandmarket,andcountertrade）

74.Invisibletrade无形贸易:

Theformoftransportation,communication,banking,insurance,consulting,informationetc.iscalledinvisibletradeorserviceindustries.

75.FDI（foreigndirectinvestments）ismadeofreturnsthroughcontrollingtheenterprisesorassetsinvestedinahostcountry.

76.Portfolioinvestment证券投资:

Purchasesofforeignfinancialassetsforapurposeotherthancontrolling.

77.Bonds债券:

Thepapersissuedbyagovernmentorafirmwithpromisetopaybackthemoneylentorinvestedtogetherwithinterest.

78.Licensing许可经营:

Inlicensing,afirmleasestherighttouseitsintellectualpropertytoafirminanothercountry.Theychooselicensingbecausetheydonothavetomakecashpaymentstostatbusiness,andcansimplyreceiveincomeintheformofroyalty.

79.Franchising特许经营:

afirmcalledthefranchisee,isallowedtooperateinthenameofanother,calledthefranchiserwhoprovidestheformerwithtrademarks,brandnames,logos,andoperatingtechniquesforroyalty.

80.Franchiser特许方:

Afirmwhoprovidesthefranchiseewithtrademarks,brandnames,logosandoperatingtechniquesforroyalty.

81.Franchisee被特许方:

Afirmisallowedtooperateinthenameofanother.

82.GNP国民生产总值:

GrossnationalProduct.Themarketvalueofgoodsandservicesproducedbythepropertyandlaborownedbytheresidentsofaneconomy.

83.GDP国内生产总值:

GrossDomesticProduct.Themarketvalueofallgoodsandservicesproducedwithinthegeographicareaofaneconomy.

84.PercapitaGDP人均国内生产总值:

ItiscalculatedbydividingitstotalGDPbyitspopulation,whichrevealstheaverageincomelevelofconsumers.

85.Incomedistribution收入分布:

Theproportionsofitsrich,middleincomeandpoorpeople.

86.Freetradearea自由贸易区:

Themembersremovebarrierstotradeamongthemselveswhilestilladoptseachownexternalpolicy

87.Customsunion关税同盟:

Themembersremovebarrierstotradeamongthemselvesandadoptthesameexternalpolicy

88.Commonmarket共同市场:

Themembersremovebarriersnotonlytotradebutalsotofactorsofproductionandadoptthesameexternalpolicy.

89.EconomicUnion（EU）经济同盟:

Themembersremovebarriersnotonlytotradebutalsotofactorsofproduction,adoptthesameexternalpolicyandharmonizetheirtaxation,governmentexpenditure,industrypoliciesandusethesamecurrency.

90.ParentMNCheadquarter跨国公司母公司，总部istheoriginalinvestingmultinationalcorporation.ItisalsotheinternationalheadquartersoftheMNE.

91.Homecounty母国:

Thecountrywheretheheadquarteroftheinvestorislocated.

92.Hostcountry东道国:

Thehostcountryisaforeigncountrywheretheinvestoroperates.

93.Absoluteadvantage绝对利益:

Itholdsthatacommoditywillbeproducedinthecountrywhereitcostsleastintermsofresources（capital,landandlabor）

100.Comparativeadvantage比较利益:

Evenifacountryislessefficientthananotherintheproductionofbothcommodities,thereisstillabasisformutuallybeneficialtrade.

1..Internationaltrade国际贸易:

Theexchangeofgoodsandservicesproducedinonecountrywiththoseproducedinanothersufficient.

2.Importduties进口关税:

Tariffsleviedongoodsenteringanarea

3.Exportduties出口关税:

Taxesleviedongoodsleav