英语高三英语阅读理解试题类型及其解题技巧.docx

英语高三英语阅读理解试题类型及其解题技巧.docx

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英语高三英语阅读理解试题类型及其解题技巧

（英语）高三英语阅读理解试题类型及其解题技巧

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Evenasmallincreaseinlightactivitysuchaswashingdishes,orwalkingaroundthehousemighthelppreventanearlydeathamongolderadults,researcherssay.

   "Itisimportantforelderlypeople,whomightnotbeabletodomuchmoderateintensity（强度）activity,thatjustmovingaroundanddoinglightintensityactivitywillhavestrongeffectsandisbeneficial,"saidUlfEkelund,wholedtheresearch.

   PublishedintheBMJ,thelatestresearchwasbasedonareviewofeightstudiesinvolvingatotalofmorethan36,000peoplewithanaverageageofalmost63years.Participantswerefollowedforfivetosixyears;2,149deathswererecorded.Allofthestudiesinvolvedmonitoringthephysicalactivityofindividualswhohadactivitytrackers,andthestudiesdidnotrelyonself-reporting,which,theexpertsnoted,couldbeunreliable.

   Foreachstudyparticipantsweresplitintofourequal-sizedgroups,basedonthetotalamountoftimespentactively,andtheriskofdeathassessed,takingintoaccountfactorssuchasage,sex,bodymassindex,andsocioeconomicstatus.Thiswasthenrepeatedforanamountofactivityatdifferentlevelsofintensity.Theresultswereanalyzedtogethertogiveanoverview.Theteamfoundagreateramountofactivitywaslinkedtoalowerriskofdeath.Theresultsheldfordifferentintensitiesofactivity.Theteamsaidthestudysupportedthemessage"sitlessandmovemoreandmoreoften".

   However,thestudyhadlimitations.Itonlylookedatthesituationformiddleageandolderadults,mostofwhomlivedintheUSorEurope,andsomeoftheeffectcouldbeduetothosepeoplewithahigherriskofdeathbeinglesslikelytoberelatedtophysicalactivity.Physicalactivitylevelsalsowereonlymeasuredoveroneperiodoftime.

   DrGavinSandercock,fromtheUniversityofEssex,saidtheresultssuggestedmovingmorebroughtbiggerbenefitsthansimplyreducingthetimeofsitting,anotherfactormeasuredinthestudy.

   "Thisstudyreinforcestheimportantmessagethatgettingtheleastactivepeopletodoevenjustalittlebitmorephysicalactivitycanhaveimportantpublichealthbenefits,"hesaid.

（1）WhichofthefollowingmayUlfEkelundsuggestelderlypeopledo?

A.lyingonthesofareading.

B.Doingalittlegentlegardening.

C.Goingouttohikewithfriends.

D.Playingbasketballsometimes.

（2）Whatcanweknowabouttheresearch?

A.Itlastedabout8years.

B.Theresearchersadmittedtheyusedfakedata.

C.Theparticipantsdidn'tincludeyoungerpeople.

D.Someparticipantsdiedbecauseofdoingtoomuchphysicalactivity

（3）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheresearchers'conclusion?

A.Doubtful

B.Critical

C.Supportive

D.Neutral

（4）Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword"reinforces"inthelastparagraph?

A.Highlights

B.Conveys

C.Excludes

D.Denies

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究发现轻微活动能帮助预防老年人过早死亡，对老年人健康很有好处。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“Itisimportantforelderlypeople,whomightnotbeabletodomuchmoderateintensity（强度）activity,thatjustmovingaroundanddoinglightintensityactivitywillhavestrongeffectsandisbeneficial.”对于无法做中等强度活动的老年人来说，轻度活动对健康很有好处。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“PublishedintheBMJ,thelatestresearchwasbasedonareviewofeightstudiesinvolvingatotalofmorethan36,000peoplewithanaverageageofalmost63years.”可知参与调查的36,000人平均年龄是63岁，因此不包括年轻人，故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据文中…researcherssay,…saidUlfEkelund,wholedtheresearch.DrGavinSandercock,fromtheUniversityofEssex,said…,…hesaid.等内容可知，作者只是陈述了研究结果和专家观点，并未掺杂自己观点，作者对研究结果是中立观点，不带感情色彩。

故选D。

（4）考查词义猜测。

根据第一段中的“Evenasmallincreaseinlightactivitysuchaswashingdishes,orwalkingaroundthehousemighthelppreventanearlydeathamongolderadults”,陈述研究结果，小的轻微活动能帮助预防老年人过早死亡；以及最后一段中的“Thisstudyreinforcestheimportantmessagethatgettingtheleastactivepeopletodoevenjustalittlebitmorephysicalactivitycanhaveimportantpublichealthbenefits”.提到的gettingtheleastactivepeopletodoevenjustalittlebitmorephysicalactivitycanhaveimportantpublichealthbenefits即让最不爱运动的人多做一点点体育活动，对公众健康也有重要的好处，这是对研究结果的进一步强调，由此推知画线词语表示“强调”，与Highlights同义，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   WhenAndrewKaplanrecalls,hisstoriesleavetheimpressionthathehasmanagedtopackmultiplelivesintoasingleexistence:

Awarreporterinhis20s.anarmymember,asuccessfulbusinessmanand-later.theauthorofnumerousspynovelsandHollywoodscripts.

   Nowthesilverhaired78-yearoldhasrealizedhewouldlikehislovedonestohaveaccesstothosestories,evenwhenheisnolongeralivetosharethem.Kaplanhasagreedtobecome"AndyBot"---avirtualpersonwhowillbe:

immortalized（TF5）inthecloudforhundreds,perhapsthousandsofyears

   Ifallgoesaccordingtoplanfuturegenerationswillbeabletointeractwithhimusingvoicecomputingplatformsofmobiledevices,askinghimquestions,lettinghimtellstoriesanddrawinguponalifetime'sworthofadvicelongafterhisphysicalbodyisgone.

   Someday,Kaplan,whoplayfullyreferstohimselfasapig,mayberememberedasoneoftheworld'sfirstdigitalhumans.

   Fordecades,SiliconValleyfuturistshavesoughttofreehumanityfromthelifecycle.Today,anewgenerationofcompaniesissellingsomeapproximation（近似）ofvirtualimmortality,whichgivespeopletheopportunitytopreserveone'slegacy（遗产）onlineforever.

   Kaplaniseagertobecomeoneoftheworld'sfirstvirtualresidents,partlybecauseheconsiderstheeffortawaytoextendclosedfamilybondsovermultiplegenerations.

   Iftechnologysucceedsincreatingemotionallyintelligentdigitalhumans,expertssay,itmayforeverchangethewaylivingpeoplecooperatewithcomputersandexperienceloss."AndyBot"maybecomeoneoftheworld'sfirst:

meaningfulexamples,raisingcomplexphilosophicalquestionsaboutthenatureofimmortalityandthepurposeofexistenceitself.

（1）Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?

A.TohighlightKaplan'sachievements.

B.Tointroducethetopic--AndyBot.

C.ToarousereadersinterestinKaplan.

D.TointroduceKaplan'slife.

（2）WhydidAndrewKaplanagreetobecomeAndyBot?

A.Hewantedtosharehislifeexperienceaslongaspossible.

B.Hewantedtomakehislovedonerememberhim.

C.Hebelievedthisactionwillhelpwithhisnovels.

D.Hecouldliveinthecloudtocontinuehislife.

（3）WhatmighttheAndyBotdoforfuturegenerations?

A.Hemayusevoicecomputingplatforms.

B.Hemayuseanewbodytogoonliving.

C.Hemayoffersomeguidance.

D.Hemayaskthemquestions.

（4）Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.Philosophicalproblemscanbeworkedoutbymodernscience.

B.Peoplecantalkwiththeirlatefamilymembersfreely.

C.Scientistshavemadegreatprogressincomputerscience.

D.Thereisstillalongwayfordigitalhumanstogo.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科技新动态----数字人。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段可知，当安德鲁·卡普兰回忆往昔的时候，他的故事让人感觉他活出了各种各样的人生：

20多岁的时候是战地记者，还是一名军人，一位成功的商人，随后又是很多间谍小说和好莱坞剧本的作者。

主要介绍安德鲁·卡普兰丰富多彩的人生；在根据第二段中的“Nowthesilverhaired78-yearoldhasrealizedhewouldlikehislovedonestohaveaccesstothosestories,evenwhenheisnolongeralivetosharethem.Kaplanhasagreedtobecome“AndyBot”---avirtualpersonwhowillbe”现在这位花白头发的78岁的老人想要他爱的人知道这些故事，甚至当他去世之后还可以分享这些故事。

Kaplan同意变成数字人，可知，第一段的内容主要是引出下文中文章的话题数字人。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Nowthesilverhaired78-yearoldhasrealizedhewouldlikehislovedonestohaveaccesstothosestories,evenwhenheisnolongeralivetosharethem.Kaplanhasagreedtobecome‘AndyBot’...avirtualpersonwhowillbe”现在这位花白头发的78岁的老人想要他爱的人知道这些故事，甚至当他去世之后还可以分享这些故事。

Kaplan同意变成数字人，可知，卡普兰同意变成数字人是为了能更长时间的分享自己的这些故事。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Ifallgoesaccordingtoplan.futuregenerationswillbeabletointeractwithhimusingvoicecomputingplatformsofmobiledevices,askinghimquestions,lettinghimtellstoriesanddrawinguponalifetime'sworthofadvicelongafterhisphysicalbodyisgone.”如果一切按计划进行，后代可以通过移动端的语音平台和他交流，即使他的肉体不存在后，还可以问他问题，让他讲故事以及咨询他一生经验的宝贵建议。

可知卡普兰成为“数字人”后，他的后代仍能得到他一生经验的宝贵建议。

故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Iftechnologysucceedsincreatingemotionallyintelligentdigitalhumans,expertssay,itmayforeverchangethewaylivingpeoplecooperatewithcomputersandexperienceloss.”可知，专家们说，如果科技成功地创造出高情商的数字人类，它可能会永远改变人类与电脑交互的方式，以及处理失去亲人创伤的方式，即目前的数字人类还无法拥有高情商，还是不够完美的，因此数字人技术还有很长的路要走。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Nowadays,especiallyinChina,everythingseemstofavorsocialintercourse（社交）,suchasgatheringsoffriends,KTV,grouptravel,diningtighter,playingcardsandMahjong,plustheChinese-style"street-crossinggroup."Backhome,discussionscanstillbeboisterouslycarriedonwithinthe"circleoffriends"ofWeChat.

   However,thesescenescannotalwayseaseasenseofloneliness.ZhuZiqing,awell-knownprofessorofTsinghuaUniversity,signedwithemotion:

"Mylonelinessincreasesasscenebecomesmuchbusier."Onepopularsongtodayisalsocalled"Alonelymanincrowds."Actually,engaginginsocialintercourserequiresability,whilebeingaloneinvolvesthewholecharacter.

   Thesedays,itisnoteasytocalmdowntotallyandreturntoone'strueself.Willpower,intellectanddisciplinearerequired.Einsteinsaid:

"Itisnotyourworkingtimebutyoursparetimethatdeterminesthepossibilityofwhetheryouwillbesuccessfulornot."The"sparetime"hereferredtocouldbetakenas"spendingtimebyyourself."

   Lonelylifecouldbeeitherdull,boringandtastelessorabundant,interestingandcolorful,dependingonone'squality