世纪商务英语外贸英语实务答案解析.docx

世纪商务英语外贸英语实务答案解析.docx

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世纪商务英语外贸英语实务答案解析

Unit1

1.FInternationaltradeisonlytheexchangeofgoodsbetweennations.

2.TCountriestradewitheachotherpartlybecauseofcostadvantages.

3.TTrademeanscountriescanprovideawidervarietyofproductsfortheirconsumers

4.TInternationaltradecangreatlyexpandthemarket,whichenablesthesupplierstotakeadvantageofeconomiesofscale.

5.TExchangeratefluctuationsmaycreatemanyproblemsforinternationaltrade.Exchangeratefluctuationsmaycreatemanyproblemsforinternationaltrade

6.TStillinsomecases,politicalreasonscanoutweigheconomicconsiderationsbetweencountries.

7.TWhenweprovideshippinginsuranceserviceforforeigners,itcanbeseenasanexampleofinvisibletrade.

8.FTradesurplusmeansthatacountry’simportsexceeditsexports.

9.TTariffandquotasaretheexamplesoftradebarriers.

10.TAdutyleviedonaspecificshipmentcanbeanimport,aprotectiveandacompounddutyatthesametime.

1.___________isthereasonwhyinternationaltradefirstbegan.a.Unevendistributionofresourcesc.Economicbenefitb.Patternofdemandd.Comparativeadvantage

2.Ifonecountryconcentratesontheproductionofthegoodsinwhichithasacomparativeadvantage,andproducesmorethanitcanuse,thenitwillsellthelefttoothercountries.Thisreasonforinternationaltradeiscalled___________.a.economiesofscalec.specializationb.varietyofstyled.patternsofdemand

3.Theproductioncostwilldecreaseifthegoodsareproducedonalargescale.Thisiscalled___________.a.economiesofscalec.specializationb.varietyofstyled.patternsofdemand

4.Thefollowingsarethespecialproblemsforinternationaltradeexceptfor___________.a.usingforeignlanguagesandforeigncurrencyc.havingrisksb.underforeignlaws,customsandregulationsd.numerousculturaldifferences

5.___________referstoanexchangeofservices,labororothernon-physicalgoodsbetweencountries.a.Invisibletradec.Internationaltradeb.Visibletraded.Balanceoftrade

6.Invisibletradeconsistsofthefollowingitemsexceptfor___________.a.transportservicesacrossnationalbordersc.insuranceservicesacrossnationalbordersb.foreigntouristexpensesd.productexchangeacrossnationalborders

7.___________isthedifferencebetweenthevalueofthegoodsandservicesthatacountryexportsandthevalueofthegoodsandservicesthatitimports.a.Tradebalancec.Tradedeficitb.Tradesurplusd.Tradebarrier

8.Eachcountryhastoearn___________topayforimports.a.moneyc.cashb.foreignexchanged.currency

9.___________iscollectedaccordingtophysicalquantity.a.Revenuetariffc.Specificdutyb.Protectiontariffd.Alternativeduty

10.Whichisnottheexampleoftradebarriers?

___________a.Tariffsc.Importdutiesb.Quotasd.Incometax

1.国际贸易internationaltrade

2.比较优势comparativeadvantage

3.规模经济economiesofscale

4.经济增长economicgrowth

5.外汇foreigncurrency

6.有形贸易visibletrade

7.无形贸易invisibletrade

8.贸易差额balanceoftrade

9.贸易顺差tradesurplus

10.贸易逆差tradedeficit

11.贸易壁垒tradebarrier

12.非关税壁垒.non-tariffbarrier

13.财政关税revenuetariff

14.保护关税revenuetariff

15.进口关税importduty

16.出口关税exportduty

17.从量税specificduty

18.从价税Advaloremduty

19.进口许可证importlicense

20.配额quota

翻译

1.Internationaltrade,alsoknownasworldtrade,foreigntradeoroverseastrade,istheexchangeofgoodsandservicesbetweencountries.

国际贸易，又称世界贸易、对外贸易或海外贸易，是国与国之间商品和服务的交换交换。

2.Trademayoccurbecauseofeconomiesofscale,thatis,thecostadvantagesoflarge-scaleproduction.

贸易可能源于规模经济，即大规模生产带来的成本优势。

3.Visibletradereferstoexportsandimportsofgoods,whileinvisibletradereferstoanexchangeofservices,labororothernon-physicalgoodsbetweencountries.

有形贸易即产品的进出口，而无形贸易则指服务和资产的交换。

4.Ifacountry’sexportsexceeditsimports,ithasatradesurplusandthetradebalanceissaidtobepositive.Ifimportsexceedexports,thecountryhasatradedeficitanditstradebalanceissaidtobenegative.

如果出口大于进口，即为贸易顺差，称为出超；如果进口大于出口，则为贸易逆差，称为入超。

5.Atariffisataxleviedonacommoditywhenitcrossestheboundaryofacustomsareawhichusuallycoincideswiththeareaofacountry.

关税即当货物跨越关境边界时征收的税，关境通常就是国境。

6.Aquotaisalimitationinvalueorinphysicalterms,imposedonimportandexportofcertaingoodsforacertainperiodoftime.

配额是对某一商品在某一特定时期的进出口加以价值或数量上的限定。

7.各种形式的贸易壁垒主要来源于政府干预（governmentintervention）。

Variousformsoftradebarriersarelargelyderivedfromgovernmentintervention.

8.近年来中国经济迅速增长，贸易结构也相应改变很大。

China’seconomicgrowthhasbeentremendousinrecentyearsanditstradestructurehascorrespondinglyundergoneconsiderabletransformation.

9.当前国际贸易中最大的困难是非关税壁垒，如进口配额、出口管制等。

Themajordifficultiesininternationaltradetodayarethenon-tariffbarrierslikequotasdttlandexportcontrols.

10.大多数贸易协定是多边协定，而非双边协定。

Mosttradeagreementstodayaremultilateralratherthanbilateral.

Unit2

T1.Atermfordefiningoneparticulargradeofqualityinonecountrymayhavequiteadifferentmeaninginanothercountry.

T2.Inthecaseofsalebybuyer’ssampleorsalebyseller’ssample,thequalityofthecommoditiesshouldbestrictlythesameaswhatofthesample.Otherwise,itshouldbestipulatedinthecontractclearly.

F3.Thegradesofthesameproductarealwaysthesameindifferentcountries.

F4.Ininternationaltrade,onlytheMetricSystemisallowedtoindicatethequantityofgoods.T5.Differentwaysofmeasurementsuchasbyweight,bylength,byarea,byvolumeandbycapacitymaybeusedfordifferentproducts.

F6.Inreality,thequantityofgoodsshippedmustbeexactlythesamewiththatstipulatedinthecontract.

T7.Packingshouldbedesignedaccordingtotheneedofthecargo.

F8.Generallyspeaking,morepackingisrequiredforcontainerizedconsignments.

T9.Markingofgoodscanfacilitateloading,unloading,transit,storage,inspectionandhelpavoidwrongshipment.

T10.Nos.1-150intheshippingmarkmeansthatthereare150packagesofgoodsandthispackageisthefirstone.

1.Thesamplemadebytheselleraccordingtothebuyer’s,andthensenttoandconfirmedbythebuyeriscalledd.countersample

2.___________areusuallysoldbytrademarkorbrandname?

a.Manufacturedgoodswithsteadyquality

3.Themethodscommonlyusedtoexpressthequalityincludethefollowingsexceptfor___________.a.salebysampleb.salebymaterialsc.salebydescriptiond.salebytrademarkorbrandname

4.Ininternationaltrade,thegoodsthataredemandedonspecialshapeorthecharacteristicsofcolorandtasteshouldbesold___________.a.bysampleb.byspecificationc.bygraded.bynameoforigin

5.QualitystandardofFAQisusuallyusedinthetradeof___________.a.agriculturalproductsb.woodc.aquaticproductsd.manufacturedgoods

6.Ifthereisaqualitytoleranceclauseinacontract,withintherangeofthetolerance,thebuyer___________.a.mustacceptthegoodsb.canrefusethegoodsc.candemandthepricetobeadjusted

7.Qualitylatitudecanbestipulatedinthecontractinthefollowingwaysexceptfor______.a.tostipulateacertainscopeb.tostipulatemoreorlessclausec.tostipulate“max”or“min”d.tostipulateatolerance

8.Acompanyexports50tonsofwheat,buttheexporterdeliverstheextra2tons.IfthereisnootherregulationonquantityintheL/C,thentheimportershould___________.a.accept52tonsb.refusetotake52tonsc.acceptextra1tond.refusetoacceptextra2tons

9.Themoreorlessclauseisnormallyusedfor___________.a.bulkgoodsb.packedunitsc.individualitemsd.containerizedgoods

10.Thefollowingsarethetypicalexamplesofindicativemarksexceptfor___________.a.Handlewithcareb.Inflammablec.Keepuprightd.Keepindryplace

1.商品描述descriptionofcommodity

2.对等样品countersample

3.复样duplicatesample

4.参考样品originalsample/referencesample

5.凭规格买卖salebyspecifications

6.良好平均品质FAQ

7.上好适销品质GMQ

8.品牌brand

9.商标trademark

10.品质公差qualitytolerance

11.品质机动幅度qualitylatitude

12.数量quantity

13.计量单位unitofmeasurement

14.公吨metricton

15.溢短装条款moreorlessclause

16.包装packing

17.纸箱carton

18.装运标志/唛头shippingmark

19.指示性标志indicativemarks

20.警告性标志warningmarks

1.Inordertotaketheinitiative,thesellermayreproducethebuyer’ssample,andsenditbacktothebuyerasatypesample.Afterthebuyerconfirmsthissample,salebybuyer’ssampleischangedintosalebytheseller’scountersample.

为了采取主动，卖方可根据买方样品加工出类似样品交买方确认。

买方确认后，凭买方样品买卖变为凭卖方对等样品买卖。

2.FAQmeansaquantityofaproductthatisofferednotonaparticularqualityspecificationbutonthebasisthatisequaltotheaveragequalityofthecurrentgrouporrecentshipment.良好平均品质是指不按特定商品规格，而以近期的一批货物或装船货物的平均品质为基础提供的一批货物。

3.Tolerancemeansthepermissiblerangewithinwhichthequalitysuppliedbythesellermaybeeithersuperiororinferiortothequalitystipulatedinthecontract.

公差指卖方交货品质优于或劣于合同规定质量的许可范围。

4.Itisverydifficulttomeasureaccuratelysomeagriculturalandmineralproductslikecorn,wheat,coal,etc.,thena“moreorlessclause”,alsocalled“plusorminusclause”,maybeusedtoallowsometoleranceinthequantity.

有时难以保证装运商品的数量与合同规定完全相符，因此会使用溢短装条款或称增减条款以允许数量差额。

5.Unlessthereisastipulationthatthequantityofthegoodsmustnotbeexceededorreduced,orthegoodsaretobecalculatedbynumberofpackage,5%moreorlessofthegoodsinquantityshouldbeaccepted.

如果未规定商品质量不能增加或者减少，则可有5%的增减幅度。

6.Packingshouldbedesignedaccordingtotheneedofthecargo.Bulkcargoesrequirelittlepacking.Generalmerchandisesrequireadequatepackingofvarioustypes.

包装应按货物的需