南京师范大学0307语言学真题.docx

南京师范大学0307语言学真题.docx

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南京师范大学0307语言学真题

2003年南师大英语语言学考试题目---初试

一、单选题。

1.Thescholarswhoputforwardinteractionhypothesishold________.

A）languageacquisitionisaprocessof“stimulus-response”.

B）humansarepredisposedtoacquirealanguage.

C）human’slinguisticpotentialitymustbecombinedwiththeenvironment.

D）human’slinguisticenvironmentcanbeignoredaslongashumanshavelanguageacquisitiondevice.

2.AmericanBlackEnglishis_______.

A）asocialvariety                                      B）aregionalvariety  

C）acombinationofsocialandregionaldialect.  D）atemporaldialect

3.AccordingtoBasilBernstein,elaboratedcodeisextensivelyusedby_________.

A）middleclasspeopleandtheirchildren.  

B）working-classpeopleandtheirchildren.

C）bothmiddleclassandworkingclasspeople

D）parentsofchildrenwithoutanydistinctionofsocialbackground.

4.  Readthefollowingtwosentencesanddecidewhatkindoferrorthelearnercommitsinthesecondsentence:

  HepracticedEnglishalotlastmonth.  

（1）

  *Shecomedbackhomeearlyyesterday.  

（2）

  Theerrorinthesecondsentencebelongstothecategoryof___________.

  A）mothertongueinterference    B）overgeneralization  

  C）cross-association          D）performanceerror

5.IntheSemanticTriangleadvancedbyOgdenandRichards,“thoughtorreference”is______.

  A）word,sentence      B）theobject  C）concept  D）symbol

6.Theword“laze”isanexampleof_______inwordformation.

  A）acronym    B）blending  C）functionalshift  D）backformation

7.  Pragmaticsisastudyof________.

  A）languagelearning    B）languageacquisition

  C）languageplanning    D）languageinuse

8.Alinguistisinterestedin_________.

  A）whatissaid    B）whatisrightbothinsyntaxandinsemantics

  C）whatisgrammatical    D）whatoughttobesaid

9.InEnglishelementsinconstructionaregenerally_______.

  A）linear  B）continuous  C）discontinuous    D）endocentric

10.__________isasoundproducedbybringingthetipofthetongueintocontactwiththeupperteethtocreatetheobstruction.

  A）Analveolar    B）Abilabial  C）Apalatal  D）Adental

二、名词解释

1.linguisticuniversals        2.languageacquisitiondevice:

3.culturaldiffusion            4.suggestopedia:

5.polysemy                    6.utterancemeaning:

7.coinage                      8.articulatoryphonetics:

9.endocentricconstruction  10.structuralchange:

三、判断

1.AccordingtoChomsky,theword“competence”isnotlimitedtotheabilityofanidealnativespeakertoconstructandrecognizegrammaticalsentencesinhislanguage.

2.Eskimoshavecountlesswordsforsnowbecausesnowissocommonintheirculturethattheyregarditfarlessimportant.

3.PlatoandAristotlearguedthatthecategoriesofthoughtdeterminedthecategoriesoflanguage.

4.Audiolingualism,contrarytoAmericanstructuralismandbehavioristpsychology,emphasizestheimportanceofregularpatterns.

5.PeopleinthewesttendtoverbalizetheirgratitudeandcomplimentslessthanChinesespeakers.

6.Itisunlikelythatthereisaprelinguisticstagewhenbabiesjustbabble.

7.Whenvarietiesareclassifiedintermsofuse,theyarecalledregisters.

8.Fromsociologicalviewwecanderivemeaningfromcontext.

9.Therelationshipbetween“alligator”and“reptile”ishomonymy.

10.Denotationidtheadditionalmeaningthananexpressioncarrieswhileoftenshowspeople’sattitudesoremotionstowardsthesubjectsbeingtalkedabout.

11.SpeechacttheorywasproposedbyAustinandhasbeendevelopedbyGrice.

12.Alanguageisweakenedwhenitborrowslargenumbersofwordsfromotherlanguages.

13.Searlesuggests5basiccategoriesofillocutionaryactsasfollows:

assertives,commissives,expressives,informativesanddeclarations.

14.Thereisasinglecauseoflanguagechange.

15.Morphologyreferstothestudyoftheinternalstructureofwords,andtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.

16.Spokenutterancessharesomecommonlinguisticfeatureswithwrittenutterances.

17.Asmallsetofrulescangenerateaninfinitenumberofsentences,allofwhichareidiomatic.

18.ICanalysisshowslinearrelationship,soithelpstoaccountfortheambiguityofcertainconstructions.

19.Linguistsareinterestedinthesoundsthatconveymeaninginhumanlinguisticcommunication.

20.Simplyspeaking,amorphemecanbedefinedasaminimalunitofmeaning.

四、问答

1.Ofallthetheoriesyouhavelearnedonlanguageacquisition,whichoneseemstoyoumostreasonable?

Why?

2.Pointoutthemarkeddifferencesbetweensociolinguisticstudyandtraditionallinguisticstudies.

3.HowdoesthefollowingexchangeofconversationillustratethePolitenessPrinciple?

A:

We’llmissBillandAgatha,won’tyou?

B:

Well,we’llmissBILL.

4.Whatisthedistinctionbetweensenseandreference?

5.Howdoyoutellcompoundsfromthenoncompoundedwordsequence?

6.WhatarethetwocriteriasuggestedbyChomskyforjudginggrammar?

2003年南师大英语语言学考试题目---复试

一、判断

Passageone:

  Thestudyofhowwedothingswithsentenceisthestudyofspeechacts.Instudyingspeechacts,weareacutelyawareoftheimportanceofthecontextofutterance.InsomecircumstancesThereisasheepdogintheclosetisawarning,butthesamesentencemaybeapromiseorevenamerestatementoffact,dependingoncircumstances.Wecallthispurpose----awarning,apromise,athreat,orwhatever----theillocutionaryforceofaspeechact.

  Speechacttheoryaimstotelluswhenweappeartoaskquestionsbutarereallygivingorders,orwhenwesayonethingwithspecial（sarcastic）intonationandmeantheopposite.Thus,atadinnertable,thequestionCanyoupassthesalt?

meanstheorderPassthesalt!

Itisnotarequestforinformation,andyesisaninappropriateresponse.

1.Illocutionaryactsarespecialcaseofspeechacts,referringtothespeaker’sintentioninutteringsomething.

2.Becausetheillocutionaryforceofaspeechactdependsonthecontextoftheutterance,speechacttheoryisapartofpragmatics.

3.Inmostcases,theillocutionaryforceof“Lookout!

”isasuggestion.

4.ThespeechacttheoryoriginatedwiththeBritishphilosophyJohnAustininthelate70’s.

5.BillyandJoewerelong-timepals.OnetimeBillywasindesperateneedofmoney.Hiscarhadbrokendownandheneeded$300tofixit.So,heaskedJoeforaload.JoesaidhecouldlendBillythemoney.ThismadeBillyhappyandhesaidtoJoe;

（a）“Youareaterriblefriend.”

Itisnon-sarcasticanswer.

（b）“Youareafinefriend.”

Itisasarcasticone.

Passagetwo

  InflectionalisatermusedinMorphologytorefertooneofthetwomaincategoriesorprocessesofswordformation,theotherbeingderivational.Thesetermsalsoapplytothetwotypesofaffixinvolvedinwordformation.Inflectionalaffixessignalgrammaticalrelationships,suchasplural,pasttenseandpossession,anddonotchangethegrammaticalclassofthestemstwhichtheyareattached;thatis,thewordsconstituteasingleparadigm,e.g.walk,walks,walked.Awordissaidto“inflectfor”pasttense,plural,etc.Intraditional（pre-linguistic）grammaticalstudies,theterm“accidence”wasusedinthissense.

  Inthephraseinflectinglanguage（“inflectional”or“inflected”language）,thetermreferstoatypeoflanguageestablishedbycomparativelinguisticsusingstructural（asopposedtodiachronic）criteria,andfocusingonthecharacteristicsoftheword.Inthiskindoflanguage,wordsdisplaygrammaticalrelationshipsmorphologically:

theytypicallycontainmorethanonemorphemebut,unlikeagglutinativelanguages,thereisnoone-to-onecorrespondencebetweenthesemorphemesandthelinearsequenceofmorphs.InlanguagessuchasLatin,Greek,Arabicetc.theinflectionalformsofwordsmayrepresentseveralmorphologicaloppositions,e.g.inLatinamo（Ilove）,theformsimultaneouslyrepresentspresenttense,active,firstpersonsingular,indicative.This“fusing”ofpropertieshasledtosuchlanguagesbeingcalledfusionalandhadmotivatedtheword-and-amodelofanalysis.Asalwaysinsuchclassifications,thecategoriesarenotclear-cut:

differentlanguageswilldisplaythecharacteristicofinflectiontoagreaterorlesserdegree.

1.Alanguageinwhichnounshaveinflectionalpropertiesisaninflectionallanguage.

2.Theaffix“un-”or“dis-”isaninflectionalaffix.

3.Theagglutinativelanguageisalanguagethattypicallyexpressesconceptsincomplexwordsconsistingofmanyelements,ratherthanbyinflectionorbyusingisolatedelements.

4.ManyEnglishadjectiveshaveinflectionalproperties.

5.TheChineselanguageisanagglutinativelanguage.

Passagethree

  Eachtonguedrawsacircleaboutthepeoplewhomitbelongs,anditispossibletoleavethiscircleonlybysimultaneouslyenteringthatofanotherpeople.Learningaforeignlanguageoughthencetobetheconquestofanewstandpointinthepreviouslyprevailingcosmicattitudeoftheindividual.Infact,itissotoacertainextent,inasmuchaseverylanguagecontainstheentirefabricofconceptsandtheconceptualapproachofaportionofhumanity.Butthisachievementisnotcomplete,becauseonealwayscarriesoverintoaforeigntonguetoagreaterorlesserdegreeone’sowncosmicviewpoint—indeedone’spersonallinguisticpattern.

                            （vonHumboldt[1836]1971:

39-40）

1.Thispassagemainlydiscussestherelationshipbetweenone’spersonallinguisticpatternandaforeignlanguage.

2.Accordingtotheauthorofthispassage,languageisapowerfulinstrumentthatallowsustomakesenseoftheworld.

3.Thispassagerevealsthefactthatone’sowncosmicviewpointde