gre aw 作文 材料总结.docx

gre aw 作文 材料总结.docx

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greaw作文材料总结

材料总结g

人名：

AlbertEinstein,Bohr,StevenHawking,IsaacNewton,

Bruno,Darwin,MartinLutherKing

KobeBryant,ShaquilleO’neal,KarlMalone,MichaelJordan

Michelangelo,LeonardoDaVinci,Monet,Edison

Mozart,Beethoven,Kant,Aristotle,Schiller

AlexanderFleming,Adams,Skilling

Eisenhower,GeorgeWashington,AbrahamLincoln,Seward

Hitler,Stalin,

地名

Palestine,Israel

Hollywood,Hawaii,Washington,Alaska

Triumphalarch,SummerPalace,BigBen

其他

Mcdonald’s,KFC,Pepsi-cola,Coca-Cola

euthanasia,Penicillin,

OdetoJoy

热带雨林：

tropicalrainforest沙漠化：

desertification

森林砍伐Deforestation臭氧空洞depletionofozonelayer

Hubblespacetelescope,MarsExplorationRovers

Neptune,UranusUtopia

KobeBryantRapeCase

//Lawisorder,andgoodlawisgoodorder.--Aristotle,AncientGreekphilosopher

//Nosocietycanmakeaperpetualconstitution,orevenaperpetuallaw.--ThomasJefferson,Americapresident

//Chancefavorspreparedbrain.

教育和学习：

爱迪生

Edisonhadeverbeenregardasachangelingwhilehehascontributesomuchtohumanbeingandnoonewoulddoubtabouthisintelligence.

爱因斯坦波尔关于相对论的争论

OneneedlooknofurtherthanthefamousEinstein-BohrDebateondeterminacy-indeterminacyofquantumtheories.

Ontheonehand,Einsteinbelievedthatquantumphysicswouldeventuallybereplacedbyamoredeterminatetheory.Bohr,ontheotherhand,acceptedthefinalityoftheprobability-basedquantumtheory.

Theirdebatebroughtaboutchaostheory,whichfinallysolvedthedebatebyproposingwave-particleduality.

Whenviewedfromthisperspective,theEinstein-Bohrdebateevaporates.Dependingonwhichpartofthespiralwelook,BohrorEinsteinwillappearcorrect.

建大坝

whenthegovernmentplanstobuildadam,expertsfromdifferentdisciplinesmaybeaggregatedtodiscussabouttheplan.Inthediscussion,itisquitepossiblethatthoseexpertsmayhavecontrastingpointsofview.Thehydrologistclaimsthatthedamwouldbesignificantincombatingdroughtandflood;thegeologistconcludesthattheprojectmaybeinfeasibleasearthquakesarefrequentinthisregion;theeconomistinfersthattheprojectmustbequitehelpfultosolvetheproblemsofelectricpowerdeficit,andthelocaleconomicswouldbenefitmuch;andtheecologistandarchaeologistmaydisagreewiththeproject,becausebuildingsuchadammaybeperiloustosomespeciesandhistoricrelicsintheambientregions.

Perhapstheregionchosenbythehydraulicianisthehabitatofmanyrarespecies,andthustheprojectwouldprobablycausespeciesextinction;orintheambientregiontherearemanypricelesshistoricrelics,whichmaybedamagedbytheproject.

计算机科学

Instudyofuptodatedeep-submicrometersemiconductortechnology,forexample,physicshelpstoexplainquantumeffectwhichtendstobemoreandmoredominantinthedevicebehaviors;materialsscienceplayscrucialroleindevicepackagingandphotoresist;andmathematicsenhancestheabilitiesofsimulatingsoftwarewhichhelppredictthecharacteristicsoftheintegratedcircuitsbeforethechipsareputintoproduction.

Moreover,recentlycomputerscienceresearchisincreasinglyrelatedwithmoreotherdisciplines,suchaselectricalengineering,mechanicalengineering,biology,linguistics,andevenpsychology,intheapplicationsofbiochip,voicerecognition,artificialintelligenceandsoon.

贝多芬（见艺术类）

教员要关注社会/工业界发展

Forinstance,itisbeneficialforaprofessorwhoteachesElectronicengineeringtobeactiveinindustrialworldaswell.Therefore,hecanalwayskeepconsciousaboutthemajordifferenceofresearchdirectionsinindustrialworldandacademicworld,andhecanrefinehiscoursesintimetomakeitkeeppacewiththeindustrialadvancement.Consequently,thestudentscanlearnmorepracticalknowledgeandinstructionsfromthefaculty,andbenefitthemselveswhentheystepintosocietyaftergraduation.

海王星Neptune的发现

AftertheplanetUranushadbeendiscovered,aCambridgemathematician,Adams,predictedtheexistenceofanunseenplanet,toaccountforthefactthatUranuswasbeingpulledslightlyoutofpositioninitsorbit.AccordingtoIsaacNewton'stheoryofgravitation,Adamsattributedthispulltothegravitationaleffectofanunknownbody,andcalculateditsposition.Oneyearlater（September1846）,thisnewplanet,Neptune,wasdiscovered,anditspositionwasquiteinaccordancewiththeprediction.（简介）

FromthefactthatplanetUranuswasabitpulledoutofitsnormalorbit,somemathematicianslogicallyreasonedtheexistenceofanewplanet,Neptune,andevenpreciselycalculateditspositionaccordingtoNewton'stheoryofuniversalgravitationin1845.OneyearlaterNeptunewasdiscoveredjustaroundthepredictedposition.

哈雷彗星的发现

afterthoroughlycomparingseveralcometobservationrecords,Halleyeventuallyfoundthesimilaritiesoftheperiodsofsomerecords.Hefurtherinducedthattheserecordsactuallyrefertoauniquecomet,Halley'comet,andpredictedthatthecometwouldappearagainafteranotherperiodof76years.（理论对实践的指导）

afterseveralyear'scarefulobservationandthoroughcalculation,Halleypredictedthatthecometappearedin1682wasperiodicanditwouldreturnafter76yearsin1758.Halleypassedawayfifteenyearsagobeforehispredictionwasconfirmed.（个人的伟大难以被承认）

克隆

Forinstance,clone,oneofthemostastonishingandchallengingbiomedicaltechniques,isthoughttobequitepromisingingenesavings.However,humancloningsisnotonlydangeroustechnicallybutalsoperiloustothemoralityandethics,thusmanyethicists,religious,politicalleaders,andotherscallfortobanninghumancloningforreproductivepurposesandevenanypurpose.Nevertheless,somescientists,inspiteofmoralandethicalstandards,insistsondoingexperimentsoncloninghumansstealthily.

Thecloneofhumanbeingshasbeencriticizedbymanyscientists,politicians,andmoralists,andevenbannedbysomegovernments,foritisnotonlydangeroustechnically,butmostimportantly,isindefianceofoursocialmorality.Ifthecloneofhumanbeingsiscarriedout,ourcurrentmoralsystemsmaybeoverturnedandthusthesocietywouldbeindisorder.

心脏专家

Forinstance,apatientwhosuffersfromheartdiseasemaygotohospitalforadvice.Ifthephysicianwhoexaminesthepatienthasnevermettheillnessbefore,hemaybeperplexedandaskforsuggestionfromaskillfuldoctorwhoisacardiologist.Itispossiblethatthecardiologistcanfindthekeypathogenyatthefirstglanceandgivethecorrecttreatmentinashorttime.

达尔文

Thetheoryofevolutionisoneofthegreatintellectualrevolutionsofhumanhistory.

WhenDarwinpublishedhisfamousOntheOriginofSpeciesbyMeansofNaturalSelection,membersofthereligiouscommunity,aswellassomescientificpeers,wereoutragedandprotested.However,Darwin'sideawaseventuallyacceptedandhaddrasticallychangedourperceptionoftheworldandofourplaceinit.（原文）

Hundredsofyearsago,peoplewereconfusedwiththecomplexityofdifferentspeciesoftheworld,andbelievedthatspecieswerecreatedbythemysteriousGod.However,Darwindidnotbelieveso.Afterseveralyears'study,heeventuallydemonstratedthatspecies,howevercomplexseemingly,allevolvedbynaturalselectionfromsimpleandpreliminaryconditions.Darwin'stheoryrevealedthesimpleprincipleoftheworld,andthusbecamearevolutionofhumanbeings.（复杂理论的简单性）

Forexample,whenDarwinpublishedhisfamousresearchresults"OriginofSpecies",thebookencounteredlotsofcontroversies.Ontheonehand,themembersofthereligiouscommunity,aswellassomescientificpeers,stubbornlyheldtheirbeliefthateachorganismandeachadaptationwastheworkofthecreator,andwereoutragedaboutDarwin’sideas.Ontheotherhand,someinsightfulscientiststendedtoacknowledgeDarwin'researches.Eventuallythetheoryofevolutiondefeatedthetraditionalbelief,andnowisreverencedasoneofthegreatestintellectualrevolutionsofhumanhistory.（个人不被时代承认）

布鲁诺

InBruno'sera,thereligiouscommunitywasinchargeofthesocialthinking,andmanypeoplebelievedthattheearthwasthecenteroftheuniverse.Regardlessofalongperiodofimprisonment,Brunoclaimedthattheuniverseisinfinite,whichoutragedthereligiouscommunity,andBrunowassentencedtodeatheventually.

批评的作用（理证）

Receivingcriticismcanbeadirectpathtomakingyourselflookgood.Everyoneissubjecttoit,fromthepersoninthemailroomtotheCEOoftheorganization.Noonelikesit,buteveryonewouldbewisetohearitwithanopenmind.Youcanlearnmoreabouthowtoimproveinyourworkandlifethroughcriticismthanthroughmanyotherchannels.

Mostcriticismisintendedtohelpyoudoyourjob,evenliveyourlife,better.Itismeanttobeusefulandconstructive.Somecriticismisunfair,unjustandunkind.Itisnotmeanttohelpyouimproveinanyway;itisintendedtohurtyou,makeyouangryandwreckyourday.Don'tletit.Thesmartpersontreatsallcriticisminthesameobjectiveway,learningfromitwhatheorshecananddiscardingtherest.Thefoolishpersonallowshimselforherselftobemanipulatedintobeingangryorrespondingdefensively,therebylosingwhateverbenefithemighthavegained,andlookingunprofessionalandundignifiedintheprocess.

霍金StephenHawking

HawkingiscertainlythemostfamousphysicistinhistorywhohasnotwontheNobelPrize.ThisisbecausetheSwedishRoyalAcademydemandsthatanaward-winningdiscoverymustbesupportedbyverifiableexperimentalorobservationalevidence.Hawking'swork,todate,remainsunproved.（没有获得过诺贝尔奖，诺贝尔奖需要证实理论才可以。

）

Hawkinghasmadehisreputationbyinvestigating,ingreatdetail,oneparticular