英汉语文化限定词方言的特色翻译 开题报告.docx

英汉语文化限定词方言的特色翻译 开题报告.docx

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英汉语文化限定词方言的特色翻译开题报告

宁波理工学院

毕业设计（论文）开题报告

（含文献综述）

题目英汉语文化限定词方言特色的翻译

姓名黄潮锋

学号3080311029

专业班级2008级英语1班

指导教师郭小春

分院外国语分院

开题日期2011年10月07日

LiteratureReview

1Introduction

Cultureisacomplexintegritythatincludesknowledge,belief,art,morals,law,customs,andanycapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasmemberofsociety[1].Thematerialwealthandthespiritualwealthcreatedintheprocessofpracticeinsocialhistoryconstitutetheculture.Languageisanimportantorganiccomponentofculture,recordingthehistoryofcultureandmanifestingthefruitsofcivilization.Inaddition,languageisanimportantvehicleforsocialculture,whichisrichinmeanings,thatistosay,languageisatoolforculturetopassdown,communicateanddevelop.Inthecourseofdevelopment,languageprofoundlyreflectsspecialculturetradition.Inlanguage,wordsandexpressionsisthemostflexibleandactive.Thus,thewordsandexpressionscontainingculturalimplications,calledculture-loadedwords,shouldbeanalyzedandcomparedfirstlyintranslatingactivities.Beingagroupofculture-loadedwords,theycannotonlydirectlyreflecttheobjectiveworld,butalsosocialchangesandculturaldiversities.

Nowadays,duetothewidespreadtrendofeconomicglobalization,interculturalcommunicationisbecomingincreasinglyfrequentaroundtheworld.Greatimportanceshouldbeattachedtothetranslationofculture-loadedwords,especiallythetranslationofthedialects,becauseculture-loadedwordscouldbestreflectthedifferenceofculturesbetweendifferentnations.Withalonghistoryandabundantheritage,thosecountrieshavenumerousculture-loadedwords,i.e.wordsandexpressionsspecifictotheirowncultureinthefieldsofeconomics,politicsandsociallifewhichmayposeanobstacleforcross-culturalcommunicationandexchange.ThereexistsahugedifferenceinculturebetweenChinaandWesterncountries.Therefore,alargenumberofculture-loadedwordsdependingverymuchontheculturalbackgroundcannotbefoundinthetargetlanguage,whichisequivalenttothesourcelanguage.Fortranslators,itisahighstandardtounderstandthemeaningofthedialectsofculture-loadedwordsinonecountry.

However,thoughamassofculture-loadedwordshavebeentranslatedcateringtotheneedsofothercountries’people,thejobisfarfromsatisfactory.Tworeasonsgiverisetothesituationthatculture-loadedwords’meaningshavebeenchangedintheprocessoftranslatingandlosttheiroriginalmeaning.Ontheonehand,EnglishandChinesebelongtodifferentlanguagesystems.TheformerispartofIndo-Europeanfamilywhilethelatter,Sino-Tibetanfamily.Ontheotherhand,duetotranslators’lackofanawarenessofculturaldifference,somepoor-qualityversionsofculture-loadedwordscanbeseeneverywhere.Thoseambiguoustranslationsnotonlycausemisunderstandingamongothernations,butalsohindertheinterculturalcommunicationand,tosomeextent,damageaveryeffectivewayofobtainingknowledge.Hence,itisnecessarytofurtherstudythetranslationsofculture-loadedwordsindialects.Apartfrominterculturalawareness,translatorsmustmastertranslationtechniqueswhenrenderingthesourcelanguageintothetargetlanguagesothatculture-loadedwordswillbetranslatedaccuratelyandtimelyintheinternationalcommunication.

Fromtheaboveanalysis,thisthesisattemptstoexploresomeeffectivestrategiesandmethodsappliedtothetranslationofculture-loadedwordsindialects.Itisofgreatimportancefortranslatorstocomprehendandrendersuchwordsaswellaspossible;thus,thetargetreadercaneasilyknowthemeaningoftranslationandstronglyunderstandexoticculturesandtraditions.Inthissense,agoodtranslationwillpromoteculturecommunicationandinternationalfriendshipaswellasthemutualunderstandingbetweendifferentcountries.

2CurrentResearch

2.1ResearchAbroad

Sincethe1960’s,EugeneA.Nida,anoutstandingAmericantranslationtheoristandlinguist,inhisbookLanguageandCulture:

ContextsinTranslatingputsforwardtheconceptoffunctionalequivalencetoreplacethedynamicequivalence.Nidaconsidersthatfunctionalequivalencehasaminimalandmaximaldefinition.Theformercouldbestatedas“thereadersofatranslatedtextshouldbeabletocomprehendittothepointthattheycanconceiveofhowtheoriginalreadersoftextmusthaveunderstoodandappreciatedit,whilethelattercouldbestatedas“thereadersofatranslatedtextshouldbeabletounderstandandappreciateitinessentiallythesamemannerastheoriginalreadersdid”[2].Fromthemaximaldefinition,wecanconcludethattheoryrequirestranslators’biculturalcompetenceshouldbeasgoodashisbilingualcompetence.

AccordingtoanotherfamousscholarLawrenceVenuti,resistanttranslationshouldbepracticedwhichretains“foreignness”anddiversityinordertopreservethepreciseflavoroftheoriginal.InthebooktitledTheTranslator’sInvisibility,Healsodeclaresthat:

Atranslatedtextshouldbethesitewhereadifferentcultureemerges,whereareadergetsaglimpseofaculturalother,andresistance,atranslationstrategybasedonanaestheticofdiscontinuity,andcanbestpreservethatdifference,thatotherness,byremindingthereaderofthegainsandlossesinthetranslationprocessandtheunbridgeablegapsbetweenculture[3].

Later,theSkopostheorysolvesthecontroversybetweenforeignizationanddomesticationstrategyintheprocessoftranslation.InNord’sbookTranslatingasaPurposefulActivity:

FunctionalistApproachesExplained,theSkoposrulethusreadasfollows:

translate/interpret/speak/writeinawaythatenablesyourtext/translationtofunctioninthesituationinwhichitisusedandwiththepeoplewhowanttouseitandpreciselyinthewaytheywantittofunction[4].

InhisvolumeATextbookofTranslation,PeterNewmarkstatesthatsemantictranslationattemptstoreproducetheexactcontextualmeaningoftheoriginalintothetargetlanguagewithintheconstraintsofthetargetlanguagegrammaticalstructures[5].Fromhispointofview,semantictranslationtransfersculture-loadedwordsandpreservestheforeignflavorinthetranslation,intendingtobefaithfultotheSLwriter.Furthermore,wordsaresacred,semantictranslationattemptstopreservethecontentandform,includingthewriter’sidiolect,hispeculiarformofexpressionexcludingthecultureimplicationofaparticularculture-loadedwords.

2.2DomesticResearch

Asearlyasinthelate19thcentury,theChinesedistinguishedtranslatorYanFuputsforwardhistranslationcriteria;thatis,thethreestandardsfortranslation-faithfulness,expressivenessandelegance,whichhasposedasignificantinfluenceontranslationinthelatertimeChina.Subsequently,LiuYingkai,thefirstprofessorwhochallengedthechoiceofdomesticationandforeignizationinChinesetranslationfield,publishedhisarticleDomestication:

awrongtrackintranslationin1987.Heholdstheviewthattheoveruseoffour-characterphrases,Chinesearchaisms,theabstractmethod,thesubstitutionmethodandgroundlessuseofimagesandidiomshasdistortedtheoriginalanderaseditsnationalidentity[6].

“Thetoughestthingintranslationisnotlanguageitselfbuttheculturalconnationitbears.”[7]SunZhilisaysinhisbookCultureandTranslation.Asatoolofthereflectionofculture,culture-loadedwordsarerequiredoftranslatingaccuratelyincaseofmisunderstandingthetargettextreaders.InhisbookMultiperspectiveResearchintoLanguage《多角度研究语言》，ProfessorWangDechunalsopointsoutthat:

“Theso-calledtranslationisthetransformationoflanguageloadedwithinformation.TheculturalinformationloadedwithChineselanguagecanbetransformedintoEnglishorintoanotherlanguage,makingtheinterculturalverbalcommunicationandculturalcommunicationamongdifferentnationalitiespossible.”[8]

AnotherscholarWangZuoliangexploredtheproblemsinculturetranslationfromtheperspectiveofstylisticsinhisbookTranslation:

ExperimentsandReflections.Hemaintainsthatculture-loadedwordsindifferenttypesofwritingshouldbetranslatedwithdifferentstrategies.Intranslatingbulletinboards,notice,regulationorintroductionofthecommodities,weshouldtrytofindequivalentexpressionintargetlanguageinsteadofusingliteraltranslation,whiletranslatingdocuments,politicalarticlesorclassicsofMarxism,literaltranslationshouldbeusedtoshowitsuniqueculturalidentity[9].

However,HuKaibao,inhisarticleForeignizingStrategyinTranslatingCulture-BoundwordsinANewCenturyChinese-EnglishDictionary,insiststhattheuseofforeignizationstrategywillpromotedthespreadoftheChinesecultureandthedevelopmentofChinaEnglishaswell[10].

3QuestionsforFurtherResearch

Basedontheaboveanalysis,itisquiteclearthatalargenumberofresearchworkshavebeendonebyfamouslinguistsandprofessors,andgreataccomplishmentshavealreadybeenachievedandpracticedinthetranslating.However,therearestillsomeproblemsandcontroversiesemergingfromit.Firstly,itisdifficulttodistinguishwhichisbetterfrommanyChineseversionsofsomeEnglishliteratureworks,becauseinChina,dialectsarecompletelydifferentbetweenthedifferencesofnations.Secondly,thestandardoftranslationisinconsistentbetweendifferentscholars,evensomeofthemholdthesamemeaningbutstatedfromdifferentperspectivesothatmanystrategiesillustratedbyscholarsarejustoverlapped.Thirdly,itisquitehardtoregardoneChineseversionofEnglishdialectsofculture-loadedwordsasthestandard,t