3>SECTIONTHREE原文整理
路人Y。
Lesson1
TheleaderofChineserevolution,MaoTsetong,diedtenyearsagotoday.Duringhislifetime,Maobecameacultfigure,butthecurrentgovernmenthastriedtochangethat.NowhistombandembalmedbodyinBeijingarejustanothertouristattraction.AndnolongerdomillionsofChinesestudyorwavealoftthefamous"LittleRedBook"ofQuotationsfromChairmanMao.Alongwiththepoliticalwriting,Maowrotepoetryaswell—poemsabouttherevolution,theRedArmy,poemsaboutnature.WillisBarnstonehastranslatedsomeofMao'sworkandconsidershimanoriginalmaster,oneofChina'smostimportantpoets.
"Hadhenotbeenarevolutionary,perhapshispoetrywouldnothavebeenasinterestingbecausehispersonalpoetrywasthehistoryofChina.Atthesametimebecausehewasafamousrevolutionaryandleader,ithasprejudicedmostpeople,almostcorrectly,todismisshispoetryassimplytheworkofamanwhoachievedfameelsewhere."
"ButhisworkwasnotdismissedwithinChinathough?
"
"Well,nowit'salmostconsciouslyforgotten.ButwhenIwastherein'72,youcouldseehispoemsoneverydiningroomwall,engravedonpeach-pits...Duringlunchhours,workerswouldstudyhispoems.Theywereeveryplace."
"Isthere,though,arevisionistthinkingwithinliterarycircles?
ArepeoplesayingMaowasn'tanygoodasapoeteither?
"
"No.Well,atleastinmyconversationsintheyearIrecentlyspentinPekingteachingattheuniversitythere,Ifoundveryfewpeoplewhodidn'tthinkhewasaverygoodpoet.Buttheydidfeelthathissuggestionswhichwerethatpeoplenotwriteintheclassicalstyle,thattheywriteinwhathecalledthemodernstyle,wasveryrepressive.Andasaresult,ofcourse,therestrictionofpublicationduringthetenyearsoftheCulturalRevolution,poetrywasabysmal."
"Whenyousaythemodernstyle,wouldthatbe,forexample,freeverse?
"
"Itwouldbefreeverseasopposedtoclassicalrhymesorclassicalforms."
"YouwriteintheintroductiontooneofyourtranslationsofpoemsofMaoTsetongthatpeople...youexplainthatleadersinChina,andindeedintheaEast,areexpectedtobeaccomplishedpoets."
"Yes,Ithinkthat'strue.ThenightthatTojo...beforeTojodied,he,...inJapan,hewrotesomepoems.HoChiMinhwasapoet.Itwascommon.Infact,Ithinkuntilearlyinthetwentiethcentury,eventopassabureaucraticexam,onehadtoknowahugenumberofclassicalforms.Andespecially,aleadershouldatleastbeapoet."
"ThereisonepoemwhichispoliticalinnaturewhichhastodowithaparasiticdiseaseinChina."
"Yes.Maowrotesomepoems,twopoemsactually,aboutgettingridofadiseasethatwasaplagueforthecountry.Andit'scalled'SayinggoodbyetotheGodofDisease.'Andthepoemneedsannotation.Inthatsense,it'stypicalofclassicalChinesepoetry;hemakesreferencestoearlieremperorsandplaces.
SayingGoodbyetotheGodofDisease
Mauvewatersandgreenmountainsarenothing
WhenthegreatancientdoctorHuaTuo
Couldnotdefeatatinyworm.
Athousandvillagescollapsed,werechokedwithweeds,
Menwerelostarrows,ghostssang
Inthedoorwayofafewdesolatehouses.
Yetnowinaday,weleaparoundtheearth,
Orexploreathousandmilkyways.
Andifthecowherdwholovesonastar
AsksabouttheGodofplagues,
Tellhim,happyorsad,"TheGodisgone,
Washedawayinthewaters."
ApoembyMaoTsetongreadbyWillisBarnstone,ProfessorofComparativeLiteratureatIndianaUniversityinBloomington.HetalkedwithusfromWFIU.
LESSON2
Overthelastfewyearsandaroundthecountry,thenumberoffundamentalistreligiousgroupsissaidtobegrowing.Somearecalled"ultra-fundamentalist"groups.Theestimatesvariedgreatly.Thenumbercouldbeashighastwothousand.Theseorganizationshavedifferentpurposesandbeliefs,butusuallyhaveonethingincommon—strongleadership,quiteoftenoneperson.FouryearsagoinOctoberatafundamentalistChristiancommuneinWestVirginia,ayoungboydiedafterapaddlingsessionthatlastedfortwohours.Thechildwasspankedbyhisparents.Hehadhitanotherchildandrefusedtosayhewassorry.Wereportedthestoryofthatpaddling—thestoryoftheStonegateCommunityinNovemberof1982.Sincethattime,Stonegateleaderhasbeentriedandconvicted,oneofthefirsttimesaleaderofareligiousgrouphasbeenheldresponsiblefortheactionsofamember.Alsointhattimetheparentsofthechildhaveservedjailterms,andnowtheyhaveagreedtotelltheirstory.
TheStonegateCommunewasnearCharleston,WestVirginia,inthenortheastcornerofthestate.It'smostlyfarmingcountry.TheStonegatememberslivedoutsideoftowninanoldwhiteVictorianhouse,overlookingtheShenandoahRiver,eightyoungfamilieslivingandworkingtogether.Theydidsomefarming,someconstructionworkandforatimeranarestaurantinCharleston.Itwastheirintentiontobecomelessofacommuneandmoreofacommunity,withthefamilieslivinginseparatehousesontheproperty.WewenttoStonegateonaSundayeveninginNovemberof1982.Wewerereluctantlywelcomed.Lessthanamonthbefore,twoStonegatemembershadbeenindictedforinvoluntarymanslaughter.TheyweretheparentsofJosephGreen,whowastwoyearsoldwhenhedied.OnthisnightmanyoftheStonegatepeopleweredefensive,almostangry.
Thatwasfouryearsago.Theparents,StewartandLeslieGreen,wereconvictedofinvoluntarymanslaughterandbothspentayearinjail.FirstStewart,thenLeslie.Theninaseparatelegalaction,theleaderoftheStonegatecommune,DorothyMcLellanwasalsoindicted.McLellandidnottakepartinthepaddlingbutshewasfoundguiltyofinvoluntarymanslaughterandconspiracyinthedeathofJoeyGreen.StewartGreen,thefather,testifiedagainstDorothyMcLellan.GreennowbelievesthathissondiedbecauseofMcLellan'steachingsandinfluence.HeexplainedincourtthattheStonegatemembersweretaughtthatapaddlingsessionshouldcontinueuntilthechildapologizes.Greenalsotestifiedthatafour-hourspankingofDorothyMcLellan'sgrandson,Danny,hadoccurredtwoweeksbeforeJoeyGreen'sdeath.HealsosaidtheStonegatemembers,whenJoeydied,joinedinapledgeofsecrecy:
thecircumstanceswouldbecoveredup;thedeathwouldbecalledanaccident.TheywereafraidalltheStonegatechildrenwouldbetakenaway.Joey'sparentsatfirstagreedtothis.Itwaslaterthattheyspokeoutagainstwhattheycalledthenaconspiracyofsilence.BothStewartandLeslieGreengrewupandmarriedwithintheStonegatecommunity.LesliewasonlyfifteenwhenshecametotheStonegate.TheylivedwithseveralotherteenagersinthehomeofDorothyandJohnMcLellan.TheMcLellanshadbeentakinginyoungpeoplewhowerehavingtrouble,usuallywithdrugs.TheywantedtousetheirmarriageasanexampleofChristianfamilylife.JohnMcLellanworkedforanaccountingfirm,travelingduringtheweek,DotMcLellanstayingathome,takingcareofmoreandmoreteenagers.TheGreensarenowlivingintheirfirstrealhometogether,anapartmentinBaltimore.StewartlefttheStonegate,andLesliejoinedhimassoonasshegotoutofjail.TheGreenshavenowagreedtotalkabouttheirlivesatStonegateandaboutthepaddlingoftheirson.
Lesson3
AgroupofbusinessleadersinBostontodayannouncedplanstoexpandacollegescholarshipprogramtoincludeanyeligibleBostonhighschoolgraduate.Thebusinessleadersannouncedplansforapermanentfive-milliondollarendowmentfund,andtheyalsopromisetohireanyofthestudentswhogoontocompletetheircollegeeducations.AndrewKafferyofmemberstationWBURhasthereport.
TheBostonbusinesscommunity'sinvolvementintheBostonpublicschooldatesbackalmosttwentyyears,fromworkinternshipstoanendowmentprogramforBostonteachers.Businesshaspumpedmorethanonemilliondollarsintothepublicschools.Nowbusinessleaderssaythey'rereadytomaketheirbiggestcommitmentyet:
amulti-milliondollarscholarshipprogramthatwillenablethecity'spoorestkidstogoontocollegeandtojobsafterward.TheprogramiscalledActionCenterforEducationalServicesandScholarships,orACESS.AccordingtoDanielCheever,thePresidentofBoston'sWheelockCollege,ACESSinnotablankcheckfortheeligiblegraduates."FirstWe'llhelpthemgetasmuchaidastheycanfromothersources,andsecondly,we'llprovidethelastdollarscholarship.Ishouldadd,ofcourse,theyhavetoqualifyforfinancialaid;thatis,we'renothandingoutmoneytostudentswhodon'tneedit."TheaveragegrantisaroundfivehundreddollarsandalreadytheprogramhasgivenonehundredBostonstudentsmorethanfiftythousanddollarsinscholarshipmoney.
Otherassistancefromtheprogramhashelpedthosestudentsraisemorethansixhundredthousanddollarsinadditionalfinancialaid.Schoolofficialssaythisprogramwillhelpasystemwhere43%ofthestudentslivebelowthepovertylevel,andalmosthalfwhoenterhighschooldropout.RobertWeaverwasonBostonhighschoolgraduatewhocouldnotaffordcollege.He'sintheACESSprogramnowandwillgetadegreeinairplanemechanicsnextyearfromtheWentworthInstituteofTechnologyinBoston."IgotthePalegrantandthestatescholarship,buttherewasstillagap.Therewaslikeatwenty-threehundred-dollargap.Wentworth'stotalbillwasfifty-sevenhundred,soIhadtofillthatamountwithworkingoverthesummer,myfamilycontribution.Ipaidformyownbooks,myowntools,thingslikethat.ButwithoutACESSIwouldn'tbewhereIamtoday."
Thisprogramcomesatanimportant
升级会员 