国际贸易专有名词及翻译.docx
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国际贸易专有名词及翻译
1.Unevendistribution
2.comparativeadvantage
3.absoluteadvantage.
4costadvantage
5marketshare
6economiesofscale
7labor/capital/tech/resource
intensiveeconomy
8supplying/demandingcountry
1.
2.比较优势
3绝对优势
4.成本优势
5.市场份额
6规模经济
7劳动/资金/技术/资源密集型经济
8供给/需求国
9.Foreign/localcurrency
10.Exchangerate
11.Targetmarket
12.Exportlicense
13.Quota
14.Cargoflow:
import/export/transittrade
9.外/本币
10.汇率
11.目标市场
12.出口许可证
13.定量、配额
14:
(进、出口、过境)贸易
15.Creditreference
16.Commodityinspection
17.Customsclearance
18.Direct/indirect/Entrepottrade
19.International/Domestictrade
20.Exportlicense
15.资信证明
16.商检
17.清关、结关
18.直接、间接、转口贸易
19.国际、国内贸易
20出口许可证
21.General/Specialtrade
22.Direct/Indirecttrade
23.Formsofgood:
Visible/InvisibleGoodstrade
24.:
settlementinstrument:
Barter/free-liquidationtrade
21.一般贸易/特殊贸易
22.直接/间接贸易
23.有形、无形产品贸易
24.易货、自由结算贸易
mate’sreceipt收货单、大副收据
shippingnote装货通知单
thebilloflading提单
shippingadvice发货通知书
1.consumerdurables
2.quoteaprice
3.cross-bordertransactions
4.customarypractice
5.loadingfee
6.dividingline
7.actualdelivery
1.耐用消费品
2.报价
3.跨境(国界)交易
4.惯例
5.装载费
6.分界线
7.实际交货
10.arrivalcontract
11.Customsclearance
12.Customsformalities
13.delivery
14.inspection
15.Meansoftransport
10.到达合同
11.清关、结关
12.报关手续
13.交货
14.检验
15.运输工具
16.Modeoftransport
17.Shipmentcontract
18.Symbolicdelivery
19.Transferofrisks
16.运输方式
17.装运合同
19.象征交货
20.风险转移
1:
INCOTERMS2010
(RulesfortheinterpretationofTradeTerms2010)
2:
ICC
3:
RAFD(RevisedAmericanForeignTradeDefinitions)
4:
QC
1.2010年国际贸易术语(通则)
2.国际商会
3.美国对外贸易定义修正本
4.质量控制、质量管理
1.EXW(EXworks)工厂交货
2.FCA(FreeCarrier)货交承运人
3.CPT(CarriagePaidTo)运费付至
4.CIP(CarriageandlnsurancePaidto)运费、保险费付至
5.DAT(DeliveredAtTerminal)运输终端交货
6.DAP(DeliveredAtPlace)目的地交货
7.DDP(DeliveredDutyPaid)完税后交货
8.FAS(FreeAlongSide)船边交货
9.FOB(FreeOnBoard)船上交货
10.CFR(CostandFreight)成本加运费
11.CIF(Cost,InsuranceandFreight)成本、保险加运费
•1:
FOBlinerterms(FOB班轮条件):
•buyerforall
•2:
FOBundertackle(FOB吊钩下交货):
•buyerpaysfromthemomentgoodsunderthetackle
•3:
FOB–stowed(FOB包括理舱费):
•sellerloadingandstowing
•4:
FOBTrimmed(FOB包括平舱费):
sellerloading、trimming
•5:
FOBstowedandtrimmed(FOB包括理、平舱费
•sellerloading\stowingandtrimming
1、firmoffers
2、offeror
3、offeree
4、terminate
5.acceptance
6Counter-offer
7.enquiry
8.irrevocableoffer
9withdrawofanoffer
1.实盘
2.发盘方(人)
3.受盘方(人)
4.终止
5.接受
6.还盘
7.询价
8.不可撤销发盘
9.撤回发盘
9Validityperiod
10quotationofanoffer
11Quote
12CISG (United NationsConventiononContractsofInternationalSalesofGoods)
9有效期
10报盘
12国际货物销售合同公约
形式发票(ProformaInvoice)
报价单(Quotation)
订单(Order)
PricesquotedshouldincludeinsuranceandfreighttoLiverpool.
报价应包括到利物浦的保险费和运费
•执事先生:
•
•从澳大利亚大使馆得悉贵公司在澳大利亚是出口羊毛材料的一家大公司。
•由于本地市场对羊毛材料的需求一直在增长,因此我公司愿在本地区成为第一个销售这种产品的公司。
•请邮寄贵方目录本、价目表以及能提供的各种样品,同时也请告知贵公司与其它公司做贸易所采用的付款方式。
•盼速复。
•谨启
•DearSirs,
•WelearnwithpleasurefromtheAustralianEmbassyinBeijingthatyouareproducingforexportwoolsweater.
•Thereisasteadydemandhereforhigh-classgoodsofthistype,especiallyinbrightercolors.
•Wewouldappreciatereceivingyourcatalogueandfulldetailsofyourexportpricesandtermsofpayment,togetherwithanysamplesyoucanletushave.
•Welookforwardtohearingfromyou.
•Yoursfaithfully,
•敬启者:
•贵方九月五日关于羊毛材料的询盘已收悉。
应要求,我方已另航邮去带有图解的说明书,价目表及样品本。
•有关付款方式,我们贸易的一贯做法是采用保兑的不可撤销的信用证。
•由于质地优良,价格合理,我们的羊毛材料多年来在世界市场享有盛誉。
我们相信我们的产品一定会帮助你们扩大市场销路。
•盼早复。
谨启
DearSirs:
ThankyouforyourinquiryofSept.5onwoolmaterialAsrequested,wehavealreadysentyoutheillustratedbrochures,pricelistandsamplebyairmail.
•Concerningthetermsofpayment,ourusualpracticeisconfirmed,irrevocableletterofcredit(L/C).
Overtheyears,ourwoolmaterialhasthehighreputationofgoodqualityandreasonablepricesintheworldmarket.Webelievethatourproductswillhelpyoutoexpandmarket.
Welookforwardtoyourearlyreply.
Yoursfaithfully,
•Fourcomponentsinastandardformatofaprice:
•Acodeofcurrency:
USD,CAD,CNY,EUR,GBP(货币代码)
•Anumberindicating(表示)thepriceunit
•Aunitformeasuringquantity:
kg,gr,m/t,yd,set
•Acertaintradeterm:
FOB,CFR,CIF
•Examples:
•USD225.30/pieceCIFNewYork
•FOBGuangzhouEUR12.80/set
•Costofproduction(生产成本)
•Directcost(直接成本):
materialcosts,labourcosts,allocationoffixedcosts,packingcosts,etc.
•Administrativecosts:
overhead经常费用
•Costofsales
•Marketingcosts:
advertising,salestripexpenses,commissions,intermediaryservices
•Costofdelivery
•Warehousingandtransportingcharge,insurancepremium保险费,taxes税收andtariffs征收关税,customsduties(进口税)
•Anticipatedprofitmargin(预期利润率)
•inanabsolutenumber
•inapercentage→profitmargin
•Capabilityoftargetmarket(目标市场潜力)
•Referringtotheconsumptionpower(消费能力),incomelevel,supplyanddemandrelationship需求关系Thehigherthecapitalincomeofthetargetmarket,thehighertheprice
•Paymentterms(付款条件)
•Thelowerthefinancingcharges,thehighertheriskofpayment
•Otherfactorstobeconsidered
•foreignexchangerates
•internationalmarketpriceforsimilarproducts
policiesandregulations规章制度inaparticular
•IfFOBpriceisavailable
–CFR=FOB+OceanFreight
•Oceanfreight(海洋运费)
–Providedbyshippinglines(航运公司)
–Quotedaspackagedprice(组合价格)
–Otherslike“additionals”and“surcharges”(附加费)
–CIFIfFOBpriceisavailable=FOB+OceanFreight+InsurancePremium
•IfCFRpriceisavailable
–CIF=CFR+InsurancePremium
•CalculationofInsurancePremium(I)
–Basedoncontractvalue/invoicevalue+
–Amarkup(上浮,涨价幅度)(normally10%)tocoverincidentalcosts(杂费)
–Formula:
I=CIFx(1+10%)xPremiumRate(R)(保险费率)
•Therefore
–CIF=CFR+CIFx(1+10%)xPremiumRate(R)or
–CIF=CFR/(1–110%xR)
•ConversionofFOBtootherprices
•CFR=FOB+F
–CIF=(FOB+F)/[1–(1+markup)xR]
•ConversionofCFRtootherprices
–FOB=CFR–F
–CIF=CFR/[1–(1+markup)xR]
•ConversionofCIFtootherprices
–FOB=CIFx[1–(1+markup)xR]–F
–CFR=CIFx[1–(1+markup)xR]
•Netprice(净价,实价)=basiccosts+profit
•Commission
–Anincentivepaymentmadetothemiddlepersonsfortheirintermediaryservices
–Expressedinafixedfigureorinapercentage
–Examples
•CFRLondonGBP100perdoz,including2%commission
•USD200perM/TCIFC2%London
•CIFC3HamburgUSD100/set
•Twowaysofcalculating计算commission
–basedoninvoice/contractvalue
•C=contractvaluexCrate
–basedonFOBorFCA:
•UndersuchtermsasCFR,CIF,CiscalculatedbeforeF(freight)andI(insurance)arededucted
•Formula:
–C=priceincludingC(FOB/FCA)xCrate
–Netprice=priceincludingC(FOB/FCA)–C
=priceincludingCx(1-Crate)
–PriceincludingC(FOB/FCA)=netprice/(1-Crate)
–allocationcost分摊成本
–fixedcost固定成本
–overhead管理经费
–insurancepremium保险费
–tariff关税
–outlet甩卖,工厂清仓
–Factoryprice出厂价
–Consumptionpower消费能力
–Percapitaincome个人平均收入
–segment市场细分
–Productioncost生产成本
–Marketingstrategy营销策略
–Salescost销售成本
–Deliverycost运送成本
–Financingcost融资成本
–anticipatedprofit预期利润
–termsofpayment付款方式
–cost-pluspricing成本加成定价法
–marginalcostpricing边际成本定价法
–buyerbasedpricing买方价值定价法
competitionbasedpricing竞争定价法
exportprofitmargin28出口盈亏率
exportcostforforeignexchang出口换汇成本
•break-evenpoint盈亏平衡点
•Localcurrency本币
•markup加价,上浮
•Facevalue票面值,表面价值
•premiumrate保险率
•netprice净价
•commission佣金
•discount折扣
•Exchangerate汇率
•Finalprice最终价格
•totalprice总价
•unfixedprice非固定价
•moneyofaccount计价货币
•initialpric最初价格
•Moneyofpayment支付货币
•Unitprice单价
•Priceadjustmentclause价格调整条款
•Priceincludingcommission含佣价
•rebate减免、退款
•wageindex工资指数
•出现下列一类的词句者,皆为虚盘:
• -Withoutengagement.不负任何责任。
• -Subjecttopriorsale.有权先售。
• -Allquotationsaresubjecttoourfinalconfirmationunlessotherwisestated.
• 所作报价,除特别注明外,须经我方确认后方能生效。
-Ourofferissubjecttoapprovalofexportlicense.出口许可证准许签证,我方报价才有效
卖方发盘,或称“售货发盘”(SellingOffer)
买方发盘,或称“购货发盘”(BuyingOffer),习称“递盘”(Bid)
•offer报盘,报价
•toofferfor对...报价
•tomakeanofferfor对...报盘(报价)
•firmoffer实盘
•non-firmoffer虚盘
•toforwardanoffer(ortosendanoffer)寄送报盘
togetanoffer(ortoobtainanoffer)获得...报盘
•tocableanoffer(ortotelegraphanoffer)电报(进行)报价
•offerandacceptancebypost通过邮政报价及接受
•toacceptanoffer接受报盘
•toentertainanoffer考虑报盘
•togiveanoffer给...报盘
•tosubmitanoffer提交报盘
officialoffer正式报价(报盘)
•指示性价格priceindication
•速复replyimmediately
•参考价referenceprice
•习惯做法usualpractice
•交易磋商businessnegotiation
•不受约束withoutengagement
•业务洽谈businessdiscussion
•限**复subjecttoreply**
•限**复到subjecttoreplyreachinghere**
有效期限timeofvalidity
•有效至**:
validtill**
•购货合同purchasecontract
•销售合同salescontract
•购货确认书purchaseconfirmation
•销售确认书salesconfirmation
•一般交易条件generaltermsandconditions
•以未售出为准subjecttopriorsale
•需经卖方确认subjecttoseller'sconfirmation
•需经我方最后确认subjecttoourfinalconfirmation
•凭规格买卖salebyspecification
•凭等级买卖salebygrade
•凭标准买卖salebystandard
•凭说明书买卖salebyillustration
•凭品牌或商标买卖salebybrandortrademark
•凭产地名称买卖salebynameoforigin
•凭说明书和图样买卖salebydescriptionandillustration
•F.A.Q.(fairaveragequality)良好平均品质
•G.M.Q.(goodmerchantablequality)上好可销品质。
合同中的品质条款
•
(一)基本内容(见例)
•1、SampleNo.612ClothDoll
•2、WhiteRice,Long-Shaped,
•BrokenGrains(max.)25%
•Admixture(max.)0.25%
•Moisture(max.)15%
•