考研英语大纲变动一览表新增词汇附中文释义.docx
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考研英语大纲变动一览表新增词汇附中文释义
2022考研英语大纲变动一览表
第一部分附录1词汇表
1.新增词汇
顺序
新增
音标
释义
a
aftermath
/ˈæftərmæθ/
后果;余波
aggregate
/ˈæɡrɪɡət/
合计;集合体
albeit
/ˌɔːlˈbiːɪt/
虽然,尽管
algorithm
/ˈælɡərɪðəm/
算法,运算法则
align
/əˈlaɪn/
使结盟;使成一行
archive
/ˈɑːrkaɪv/
档案馆;档案文件
arena
/əˈriːnə/
舞台;竞技场
artifact
/ˈɑːrtɪfækt/
人工制品,手工艺品
b
bearing
/ˈberɪŋ/
轴承;关系
bolster
/ˈboʊlstər/
长枕,垫枕
brevity
/ˈbrevəti/
简洁,简短
c
check
/tʃek/
检查,核对
concurrent
/kənˈkɜːrənt/
并发的;一致的
configuration
/kənˌfɪɡjəˈreɪʃn/
配置;结构
contingent
/kənˈtɪndʒənt/
偶然(发生)的
convene
/kənˈviːn/
召集,集合
coronavirus
/kəˈroʊnəvaɪrəs/
冠状病毒
corporate
/ˈkɔːrpərət/
法人的;共同的,全体的
culminate
/ˈkʌlmɪneɪt/
到绝顶;达到高潮
cumulative
/ˈkjuːmjəleɪtɪv/
累积的
d
duanting
/ˈdɔːntɪŋ/
使人畏缩的;使人气馁的
demographic
/ˌdeməˈɡræfɪk/
人口结构的;人口统计的
deplete
/dɪˈpliːt/
耗尽,用尽
deploy
/dɪˈplɔɪ/
配置;展开
deter
/dɪˈtɜːr/
制止,阻止
directly
/dəˈrektli,daɪˈrektli/
直接地;立即
discrete
/dɪˈskriːt/
离散的,不连续的
discretion
/dɪˈskreʃn/
自由裁量权;谨慎
drone
/droʊn/
嗡嗡声
dual
/ˈduːəl/
双的;双重的
e
elicit
/ɪˈlɪsɪt/
引出;探出
empathy
/ˈempəθi/
同感;共鸣
enquiry/inquiry
/ˈɪnkwəri,ɪnˈkwaɪəri/
调查;查究
epic
/ˈepɪk/
叙事诗;史诗
equity
/ˈekwəti/
(公司的)股本;资产净值
erode
/ɪˈroʊd/
侵蚀;腐蚀
f
facet
/ˈfæsɪt/
(事物的)部分,方面
g
gadget
/ˈɡædʒɪt/
小器具;小装置
i
icon
/ˈaɪkɑːn/
图标;图符
imminent
/ˈɪmɪnənt/
即将发生的;临近的
inflict
/ɪnˈflɪkt/
使遭受打击;使吃苦头
influenza
/ˌɪnfluˈenzə/
流感
invoke
/ɪnˈvoʊk/
援引,援用
j
jurisdiction
/ˌdʒʊrɪsˈdɪkʃn/
司法权;审判权
l
lawsuit
/ˈlɔːsuːt/
诉讼;起诉
lucrative
/ˈluːkrətɪv/
赚大钱的;获利多的
m
mandate
/ˈmændeɪt/
授权;命令
media
/ˈmiːdiə/
媒体
mediate
/ˈmiːdieɪt/
调停;调解
mentor
/ˈmentɔːr/
导师;顾问
o
overt
/oʊˈvɜːrt,ˈoʊvɜːrt/
公开的;明显的
p
paradigm
/ˈpærədaɪm/
典范;范例
plagiarism
/ˈpleɪdʒərɪzəm/
抄袭;剽窃
policewoman
/pəˈliːswʊmən/
女警察
protocol
/ˈproʊtəkɑːl/
协议;草案
propagate
/ˈprɑːpəɡeɪt/
传播;宣传
proximate
/ˈprɑːksɪmət/
近似的;最近的
q
quarantine
/ˈkwɔːrəntiːn/
(为防传染的)隔离期;检疫
query
/ˈkwɪri/
疑问;询问
r
resilient
/rɪˈzɪliənt/
迅速恢复的;有适应力的
rhetoric
/ˈretərɪk/
华而不实的言语;花言巧语
s
sibling
/ˈsɪblɪŋ/
兄;弟;姐;妹
situate
/ˈsɪtʃueɪt/
使位于;使坐落于
slump
/slʌmp/
(价格、数量等)骤降,猛跌
stagnate
/ˈstæɡneɪt/
停滞;不发展
stance
/stæns/
立场;姿态
stipulate
/ˈstɪpjuleɪt/
规定;明确要求
surveillance
/sɜːrˈveɪləns/
监督;监视
t
tangible
/ˈtændʒəbl/
有形的;实际的
temporal
/ˈtempərəl/
暂时的;当时的
transition
/trænˈzɪʃn,trænˈsɪʃn/
过渡;转变
u
usually
/ˈjuːʒuəli,ˈjuːʒəli/
通常地;正常地
v
variance
/ˈveriəns,ˈværiəns/
变化幅度;差额
venue
/ˈvenjuː/
聚会地点;举行场所
viable
/ˈvaɪəbl/
可实施的;切实可行的
volatile
/ˈvɑːlətl/
易变的;无定性的
w
warranty
/ˈwɔːrənti/
保证;担保
wary
/ˈweri/
小心的,谨慎的
whereby
/werˈbaɪ/
凭此;借以
worker
/ˈwɜːrkər/
工作者;人员
workout
/ˈwɜːrkaʊt/
锻炼
2.变动词汇
顺序
2020大纲
2021大纲
a
aesthetic/esthetic
(a)esthetic
air-conditioning
airconditioning
aluminium/aluminum
alumin(i)um
amid
amid(st)
analog(u)e
analog(ue)
analyse/analyze
analyse/-yze
anybody
anybody/anyone
anyway=anyhow
anyway
anyhow
apologise/apologize
apologise/-ize
appal/appall
appal(l)
autumn
autumn/fall
ax/axe
ax(e)
b
bible
Bible
bacterium([pl.]bacteria)
bacteria
behaviour/behavior
behavio(u)r
bypass/by-pass
bypass
c
café
cafe/café
catalogue/catalogue
catalog(ue)
centigrade
centigrade/Celsius
centimetre/centimeter
centimetre/-ter
centre/center
centre/-ter
chairman
chairman/chairwoman/chairperson
characterise/characterize
characterise/-ize
child([pl.]children)
child
cigaret/cigarette
cigaret(te)
civilisation/civilization
civilisation/-zation
civilise/civilize
civilise/-ize
colour/color
colo(u)r
connexion/connection
connection/-xion
cosy
cosy/-zy
crisis([pl.]crises)
crisis
criterion([pl.]criteria)
criterion
criticise/criticize
criticise/-ize
curriculum([pl.]curricula)
curriculum
d
defence/defense
defense/-ce
dialogue/dialog
dialog(ue)
distill
distil(l)
e
emphasise/emphasize
emphasise/-ize
encyclopaedia/encyclopedia
encyclop(a)edia
endeavour/endeavor
endeavo(u)r
enroll/enrol
enrol(l)
f
favour/favor
favo(u)r
favourable/favorable
favo(u)rable
favourite/favorite
favo(u)rite
fertiliser/fertilizer
fertiliser/-zer
fibre/fiber
fibre/-ber
flavour/flavor
flavo(u)r
foot([pl.]feet)
foot
formula([pl.]formulae)
formula
fulfil/fulfill
fulfil(l)
g
generalise/generalize
generalise/-ize
glamour/glamor
glamo(u)r
goodby/goodbye
goodbye
goose([pl.]geese)
goose
gramme/gram
gram(me)
h
hamburge
hamburger/burger
harbour/harbor
harbo(u)r
hero
hero/heroin
heroin
honour/honor
hono(u)r
honourable/honorable
hono(u)rable
host
host/hostess
hostess
humour/humor
humo(u)r
humorous
humo(u)rous
i
ice-cream
icecream
index([pl.]indexes,indices
index
industrialise/industrialize
industrialise/-ize
instal/install
instal(l)
installment
instal(l)ment
Internet
Internet/internet
j
jewellery/jewelery
jewel(le)ry
judgement/judgment
judg(e)ment
k
kilo/kilogramme/kilogram
kilogram(me)/kilo
kilometre/kilometer
kilometre/-ter
l
labour/labor
labo(u)r
licence/license
license/-ce
litre/liter
litre/-ter
living-room
livingroom
m
madame/madam
madam
marvellous/marvelous
marvel(l)ous
maths/math/mathematics
mathematics/math(s)
medium([pl.]media)
medium
memo
memorandum/memo
memorandum
metre/meter
metre/-ter
millimetre/millimeter
millimetre/-ter
minimise/minimize
minimise/-ize
mobilise/mobilize
mobilise/-ize
modernisation/modernization
modernisation/-zation
mould/mold
mo(u)ld
mouse([pl.]mice)
mouse
n
neighbour/neighbor
neighbo(u)r
neighbourhood/neighborhood
neighbo(u)rhood
normalisation/normalization
normalisation/-zation
nucleus([pl.]nuclei)
nucleus
o
odour/odor
odo(u)r
often
often/oftentimes
okay/O.K./OK
okay/OK
organisation/organization
organisation/-zation
organise/organize
organise/-ize
ought
oughtto
owing
owingto
p
paralyse/paralyze
paralyse/-yze
petrol
petrol/gasoline/gasolene
postman
postman/mailman
practise
practise/-ice
practice
programme/programe
program(me)
proceeding
proceedings
r
railroad
railway/railroad
railway
realise/realize
realise/-ize
recognise/recognize
recognise/-ize
reflexion/reflection
reflection/-xion
resume
resume/résumé
rumour/rumor
rumo(u)r
s
salesman
salesman/saleswoman/salesperson
skeptical
sceptical/skeptical
skillful/skilful
skil(l)ful
specialise/specialize
specialise/-ize
spokesman
spokesman/spokeswoman/spokesperson
sportsman
sportsman/sportswoman
static(al)
static
steward
steward(ess)
storey/story
stor(e)y
summarise/summarize
summarise/-ize
sympathise/sympathize
sympathise/-ize
systematic(al)
systematic
t
tactic(s)
tactic
technology
technology/tech
telephone
telephone/phone
theatre/theater
theatre/-ter
thesis([pl.]theses)
thesis
tooth([pl.]teeth)
tooth
trolly/trolley
trolley
u
utilise/utilize
utilise/-ize
v
vapour/vapor
vapo(u)r
w
waggon/wagon
wag(g)on
waiter
waiter/waitress
waitress
while
while/whilst
whisky/whiskey
whisk(e)y
y
yourself([pl.]yourselves)
yourself
yourselves
3.删减词汇
顺序
删减
a
acrobat
adjoin
amplifier
b
bosom
brim
brittle
brook
c
caress
d
daunt
defendant
disgrace
f
fell
fitting
g
gasolene/gasoline
gallop
h
highland
i
inlet
inquiry/enquiry
l
loudspeaker
m
moss
mutton
n
Negro
o
overpass
p
pail
phone
piston
prick
q
quartz
quench
r
rain
rainbow
rotary
ruby
s
seaside
sham
shopkeeper
slit
snowstorm
t
tar
telegram
telescope
tramp
u
uproar
w
weld
wreath
z
zinc
第二部分附录2常用的前缀和后缀
1.新增
序号
具体内容
1
a-:
notorwithout;inaparticularconditionorwaytypically—atypically
wake—awake
2
ante-:
beforeorearlier;infrontofdate—antedate
room—anteroom
3
cyber-:
relatingtocomputers,theInternet,andvirtualreality
crime—cybercrime
4
down-:
lowerinposition,amount,quality,orimportanceriver—downriver
size—downsize
5
e-:
electronic,onorusingtheInternet
commerce—e-commerce
6
eco-:
connectedwiththeenvironment
disaster—eco-disaster
7
hemi-:
half
sphere—hemisphere
8
hyper-:
morethanusual
tension—hypertension
9
hypo-:
lessthanusual
tension—hypotension
10
meta-:
beyond,higher
analysis—meta-analysis
11
milli-:
onethousandthpartof
meter—millimeter
12
neo-:
neworrecent,orinamodernform
classicism—neoclassicism
13
off-:
notonorawayfrom
stage—offstage
14
oft-:
often
quoted—oft-quoted
15
omni-:
all,completely
present—omnipresent
16
pan-:
includingorrelatingtoallpartsormembers
African—pan-African
17
para-:
beyond;similartobutnotofficialornotfullyqualifiednormal—paranormal
medic—paramedic
18
retro-:
backorbackwards
active—retroactive
19
up-:
atortowardsthehigherorbetterpart;movedorchangedcompletelymarket—upmarket
end—upend
20
-ing
surf—surfing
21
-let
book—bookletdrop—droplet
22
-y
inquire—inquiryorthodox—orthodoxy
23
-ed
talent—talented
badtemper—bad-tempered
24
-esque
picture—picturesqueRoman—Romanesque
25
-friendly
user—user-friendlyenvironment—environment-friendly
2.变动
序号
2020大纲
2021大纲
1
aero-:
concerningtheairoraircraftplane—aeroplane
space—aerospace
aero-:
concerningtheairoraircraftdynamic—aerodynamic
space—aerospace
2
anti-:
against;oppositeof;nuclear-antinuclearmatter-antimatter
war-antiwar
anti-:
opposedto;theoppositeof;
preventing
poverty—anti-povertyclimax—anticlimaxtheft—antitheft
3
auto-:
oforbyyourselfbiography—autobiography
criticism-autocriticism
auto-:
oforbyyourself;workingbyitselfbiography—autobiography
pilot—autopilot
4
be-:
totreatasthestatedthingfriend-befriend
little—belittle
be-:
treatas;wearingorcoveredwithlittle—belittle
jewel—bejewelled
5
bi-:
two;twice;doublelingual-bilingua