英语论文傲慢与偏见中反讽写作手法.docx

英语论文傲慢与偏见中反讽写作手法.docx

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英语论文傲慢与偏见中反讽写作手法

毕业论文

毕业论文题目：

OnIronyinPrideandPrejudice

学生姓名：

学号：

院（系）：

外国语学院英语系

专业：

双学位经贸英语

班级：

指导教师姓名：

指导教师称谓：

讲师

起止时间：

2012年10月—2013年5月

OnIronyinPrideandPrejudice

AThesisSubmitted

ToForeignLanguagesDepartment

OfZhongyuanUniversityofTechnology

InPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirements

FortheDegreeofBachelorofArts

By

Supervisor：

May,2013

SCHOOLOFFOREIGNLANGUAGES

ZhongyuanUniversityofTechnology

DeclarationofAcademicIntegrity

Ipromisethatthethesiscontainsnomaterialwhichhasbeenacceptedfortheawardofanyotherdegreeordiplomainanyinstitutesofhigherlearningandthat,tothebestofmyknowledgeandbelief,thethesiscontainsnomaterialpreviouslypublishedorwrittenbyanotherperson,exceptwhenduereferenceismadeinthetextofthethesis.

IunderstandthattodosowouldmeanthatIhadcommittedplagiarism,andthatitismyresponsibilitytobeawareoftheUniversity’sregulationsonplagiarismandtheirimportance.

Signed:

Date:

OnIronyinPrideandPrejudice

Abstract:

JaneAustenisaBritishwomannovelistinthe19thcentury.InhermasterpiecePrideandPrejudice,theuseofironyisthebiggestartisticfeature.Thethesisfirstintroducesthedefinitionandfunctionofirony.Second,itanalyzestheapplicationofironyinthecharacterizationofthenovel,whichnotonlymakesthenovelfilledwithwitandhumor,butalsoprovestheauthor’sthoroughunderstandingofhumannature;Third,itexpoundstheironyinthemarriageplot,wherebytheauthorcriticizestheBritishmarriagevaluethatmoneymattersmostandputsforwardthatthehappinessofmarriageconsistsinemotionalcommunication,independentpersonalityandgoodcharacter.Finally,thethesisconcludesthatJaneAustine’sironycontainsherunderstandingoflifeandsocietyandsoitisthesharpestweaponsusedinhernovels.

Keywords:

JaneAusten,irony,PrideandPrejudice,characterization,plot

《傲慢与偏见》中的反讽

摘要：

简奥斯丁是一位英国19世纪杰出的女性作家。

在她的作品《傲慢与偏见》中，对于反讽的写作手法是对于文学最大的财富。

本论文首先介绍了反讽的定义和功能；其次，从人物塑造方面,分析了人物刻画中反讽的运用，不但使小说充满了智慧和幽默，还体现出作者对人性的透彻的洞察力。

再次，论证了小说中婚姻情节中的反讽，借此，作者批判了当时只重视金钱的婚姻观念，提出感情的沟通，独立的人格和高尚品格才是幸福婚姻的保障。

最后得出反讽体现出了简·奥斯汀对生活和社会的理解，因此反讽也成为她作品中一个利器。

关键词：

简奥斯汀；反讽；《傲慢与偏见》，人物塑造，情节

Contents

OnIronyinPrideandPrejudice

1Introduction

JaneAustenisanoutstandingBritishwomannovelistinthe19thcentury.Herliteraryworkshavefar-reachinginfluencesnotonlyonposterity,butalsoonthedevelopmentofsocietyandliterature.ThroughanalysisoftheplotandthecharacterizationoffiguresinPrideandPrejudice,thethesiswillexploreironyusedbyJaneAusten.Hernovelsarefilledwithsnidetoneandsarcasticwords.Morethanthat,Janechosetouseironyinshapingcharacters,arrangementoftheplotandthetheme.Therefore,theanalysisoftheironyisthekeytounderstandingthisnovel.

Inrecentyears,manydomesticandforeignscholarsdevotedtoAustin'sfictionstudies,inwhichironicalartisgenerallytalked.Monaghan,DavidandWillis,Jane,theysharethesameidea.Intheirpaper,thethemeistoanalyzeexpressionsofironyinPrideandPrejudice.Itfocusesonironyinthethreeareasofcharacterizationandcharacterrelationships.JaneAustenfocusonthefivemarriagesinthenovel,appliesironyatdifferentaspects,anduseshumorouswordstoshowusherownprogressiveviewonloveandmarriage.TheopeningsentenceofPrideandPrejudicedirectlypointedoutthemostpopularviewonmarriageinsociety“Itisatruthwellknowntoalltheworldthatanunmarriedmaninpossessionofalargefortunemustbeinneedofawife.”Thecontentofthissentenceisreallyridiculousandstupidwhilethesentencepatternisneatandformal.Thesharpcontrastbetweenthecontentandformmakesagreateffectofirony.Andironyisusedmanytimesinthisnovel.Thisthesiswilldiscusshowironyisemployedintermsofthecharacterizationofthefigures,theplotinPrideandPrejudiceinthehopeofbetterunderstandingthenovel.

2TheIntroductiontoIrony

2.1DefinitionofIrony

“Ironyisarhetoricaldevice,literarytechnique,orsituationinwhichthereisanincongruitybetweentheliteralandtheimpliedmeaning.”（Huang,2010）“Itisauniversalphenomenonofnaturallanguageusedinourdailycommunication.Ironyisabroadtermreferringtotherecognitionofarealitydifferentfromthemaskingappearance.Itisacontrastoradifferencebetweenthewaythingsseemandthewaytheyreallyare.”（Willis,2006）Thatistosay,onesaysathingbutmeanstheopposite.Ironycanbedividedintothefollowingseveral:

Verbalirony,Dramaticirony.（Skehan,2004）Nowrittenmethodforindicatingironyexists,thoughanironypunctuationmarkhasbeenproposed.Inthe1580s,HenryDenhamintroducedarhetoricalquestionmarkorpreconditionspointwhichlookslikeareversedquestionmark.ThismarkwasalsoproposedbytheFrenchpoetMarcelBernhardtattheendofthe19thcenturytoindicateironyorsarcasm.

2.2TheFunctionofIrony

Theuseofwordsthatsaytheoppositeofwhatyoureallymean,inordertobeemphatic,amusing,sarcastic,etc.（Hu,2008）.Ironyisafigureofspeechthatachievesemphasisbysayingtheoppositeofwhatismeant,theintendedmeaningofthewordsbeingtheoppositeoftheirusualsense.Itcanbeamusingorcanshowannoyance.Ironyhaveadeepermeaningandcanarousepeople'ssympathy.

2.3ExpressionsofIronyinPrideandPrejudice

InthePrideandPrejudice,thereisalwaysagapbetweenwhatshesaysandwhatshemeans,betweenthesurfacemeaningandherrealintention.IronyisthemoststrikingfeatureinJaneAusten’snovels.Asaningeniouswork,themasterpieceofJaneAusten,PrideandPrejudiceemploystheironictechniqueincharacterizationandstructure,whichhasmadeagreatrealisticcomicworkofthenovel.

3TheAppreciationofIronyinCharacterization

Ironyplaysadecisivepartincharacterizationaswellasinplotdevelopment.InPrideandPrejudice,boththewise（Elizabeth,Mr.Darcy,etc.）andthefoolish（Mrs.Bennet,Mr.Collins,etc.）becometheobjectsofJaneAusten’sirony.Ironyisthemarrowofthisnovel,inwhichnooneisperfect.

3.1Elizabeth

Elizabethisourheroine.PrideandPrejudicewas,forsometimeatleast,JaneAusten’sownfavoriteandshewrotehersisterwhenitappeared“ImustconfessthatIthinkher（theheroine,Elizabeth）asdelightfulacreatureaseverappearedinprint;andhowIshallbeabletotoleratethosewhodonotlikeheratleastIdonotknow.”Yet,JaneAustensparesnosatireuponsuchadelightfulcreature.Elizabethiswitty,intelligentandunconventional.She“hassomethingmoreofquicknessthanhersisters”.（Austen,1813:

152）However,shealsocan’tavertherselffromtheinfluenceofthe“truthuniversallyacknowledged.”（Austen,1813:

305）Moreover,sheistoohastyinjudgmentandtooeasilytakeninbyappearances.Ontheonehand,sheisslightedbyMr.Darcyataballandthensafelypromiseshermothernevertodancewithhim.Ontheotherhand,sheisattractedbyMr.Wickham,whoseappearanceisgreatlyinhisfavor.Thenshe“preparedinthehighestspiritsfortheconquestofallthatremainedunstudiedofhisheart.”（Austen,1813:

155）TherelationshipbetweenElizabethandDarcyisworsenedbyWickham’sillwordstoDarcy.Senseisoverwhelmedbysensibility.OnaccountofherprejudiceagainstDarcy,Elizabethtriestobringdownhisprideandhasthesatisfactionofrefusinghisproposalbysayingthat“⋯youwerethelastmanintheworldwhomIcouldeverbeprevailedontomarry.”（Austen,1813:

179）Ofcourse,ElizabethfinallyrecognizesWickham’struefaceandrevealsthatitisthearrogantDarcywhosavesthereputationoftheBennetfamilybyarrangingLydiaandWickham’smarriage.Thenfalseprideishumbledandprejudicedissolved.Intheend,DarcyandElizabethareunited.

Darcy,asawiseman,isanotherobjectofsatire.Atfirst,heclaimsthatElizabethisnothandsomeenoughtotempthimandsaysfranklythat“itmustverymateriallylessentheirchanceofmarryingmenofanyconsiderationintheworld.”（Austen,1813:

18）.However,heistheverymanwhomarriesElizabeth.

3.2Mr.Darcy

LikeElizabeth,DarcyisanidealcharacterbyAusten’swriting.Hewasarrogantbynature.ForthefirsttimeseeingElizabeth,hetreatedherverypicky.Butthenhehasaffectionforhergradually,andaskedhertomarryhim,butheencountersflatrefusalandragegivenbyElizabeth.Darcy’sproposalisarrogant,Elizabethrejecteditwithgreatprejudice.Austen’smockeryatthemhasplayedtotheextremehere.LaterDarcychangeshisarrogantattitude;hetreatsElizabeth’srelativescourteouslyandmakeseveryattempttohelpLydia.Elizabethfallsinlovewithhim,givinghimsecondtime.

3.3Mr.Bennet

Mr.Bennet,whoissmarthumorousandeducatedman,isoddwithinhiswords.Maybehecanalwaysgivepeoplesurpriseandexcitement.Fromhiswords,Mr.Bennetisamanwhotriestosaysomethingbyfeigninguninterestedormakingconcessionsbuthedoesnotsayitimmediately,whichmakesyounervous.Forexamples,hesays,“Youwanttotellme,andIhavenoobjectiontohearingit.”（Austen,1813:

243）InthefollowingstorythatMr.BennetnoticesthecomingofBingley,buthestillpretendstosaythathehasnotheard.Whyhesaysitlikethis—toshowhumoroftheoldgentlemanandhisdaughtersandwifecanattendhim.Heisasmartandeducatedmanfromthewayofdealingwiththingsandthemannerofspeaking.Hehasahighandfarsighttocareabouthisdaughter’smarriagebutisquietwhichisverydifferentfromhis