英语辞汇学答案.docx

英语辞汇学答案.docx

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英语辞汇学答案

下列概念所表示的名称:

1.aminimumunitofmeaning:

（morpheme）

2.amorphemetowhichaffixescanbeadded:

（root）

3.alinguisticformthatcanoccurasanindependentword:

（freeform）　

4.amorphemethatmustoccurwithatleastoneothermorpheme:

（boundform）

5.aboundmorphemeattachedtoabase（rootorstem）:

（affix）

6.anaffixattachedtothebeginningofabase（rootorstem）:

（prefix）　

7.anaffixattachedtotheendofabase（rootorstem）:

（suffix）

8.anaffix（inEnglish,usuallyasuffix）thatchangestheformofawordwithoutchangingitspartofspeechorbasicmeaning:

（inflectionalaffix）　

9.theprocessbywhichnoninfectionalaffixesareaddedtorootstoformwords:

（derivation）

10.theprocessofjoiningtogethertwolinguisticformswhichcanfunctionindependently:

（compounding）

各组单词中一路的粘着词根、其词源及语义:

1.acoustic,acoustical,acoumeter,acoustician,acoustics,acouphone:

（acou-听,GK）

2aerodomestics,erodrome,erodynamic,aerofoil,aerogramme,aerolite,aerography,aeronautics,aerophysics,aeroplane,aerosphere:

（aero-空气GK）

3.agenda,agent,agile,active,actor,actual,enact,inactive,transact,interact,react:

（ag-,ac-做L）

4.agrarian,agricultural,agriculture,agrimotor,agrobiology,agrochemical,agrology,agronomic,agronomy,agrostology,agrotechnique,agrotechny,agrotown,agrotype:

（agr-土地L）

5.altimeter,altimetry,altitude,alto,exalt,contralto:

（alt-高L）

6.amateur,amatory,amiable,amicable,amorous,enamoured,unamiable:

（am-,amor-爱L）

7.Ample,ampleness,amply,amplidyne,amplification,amplifier,amplify,amplitude,radioamplifier:

（ampl-充沛L）　　

8.annals,annual,perennial,centennial,annuity,biennial:

（ann-年L）

9anthropology,philanthropist,misanthropical,anthropotomy,anthropogeneses,anthropography,anthropophagus:

（anthrop-人类GK）

10aqualung,aquanaut,aquaplane,aquanelle,aquarium,aquatic,aqueous,aquiculture,aquosity,subaquatic,subaqueous,terraqueous,aqueduct:

（aqu-水L）

11archangel,archbishop,arch-criminal,archdeacon,archdiocese,archenemy,archfiend:

（arch-首要GK）

12asterisk,asterism,asteroid,astrodome,astrodynamics,astrograph,astrologer,astrology,astronautics,astronavigation,astronomer,astronomy:

（astr-星GK）

13atmosphere,atmolysis,atmometer,atmeter,atmoseal,atmospherics:

（atmo-气体GK）

14audible,audibility,inaudible,audience,audiology,audio-visual,audiometer,audiophile,audiophile,audition,auditor,auditorium:

（aud-听L）

15atoalarm,autobiographer,autoboat,autobus,autochrome,autoclave,autocrat,autograph,autoinfection,automate,automatic,automation,automobile,autonomy,autotruck,autotype:

（auto-自己GK）

16barodynamics,barogram,barograph,barometric,barothermograph:

（bar-压力GK）

17bathymeter,bathymetric,bathysphere,bathythermograph:

（bathy-深海的GK）

18Bible,bibliofilm,bibliography,bibliology,bibliolater,bibliomania,bibliophile,bibliophilism,bibliopole,bibliotheca,bibliotic,bibliotist:

（biblio-书籍GK）

19bioassay,biocatalyst,biochemistry,biocide,bioclean,bioclimatic,bioclimatolgy,bioelectricity,biology,biogeneses,biogenic,biogeography,biography,biometerology,bionics,bioscope,biosyntheses,biotic:

（bio-生命GK）　　

20.Breve,breviary,brevirostrate,brevity,brief,abbreviate,abridge:

（bre-简短L）

用否定前缀in-（及其变体）,non-,un-组成下列单词的反义词:

mature:

imregular:

irconsiderate:

innoble:

incontentious:

nonlegitimate:

ilmetal:

nonpassive:

imferrous:

nonaccuracy:

inendurable:

unvariance:

ininductive:

nonlegible:

ilreasonable:

unrational:

irscrupulous:

unstaple:

nonbalance:

imlegalize:

il

写出下列单词中前缀的意义:

antecedent:

beforebyproduct:

nearapocope:

offenclose:

inendobiotic:

insideepitaph:

outsideexpire:

outforetell:

beforehypocrite:

beneathinclude:

ininfrared:

underintercede:

between:

intramural:

withinintrospect:

intooutbid:

exceedingoverwork:

beyondpostgraduate:

afterprecede:

beforeproceed:

forwardretrospect:

backsubscribe:

belowsuperman:

abovesupramundane:

beyondtransmit:

acrossultraconservatism:

extreme

以所列的单词为第一个成份,按照概念写出复合名词

（A）green:

1.astretchofland,roundatown,wherebuildingisnotallowed,sothatfieldswoods,etc,remain:

greenbelt　2.ashop-keeperwhosellsvegetablesandfruit:

greengrocer3.ayoung,inexperiencedperson,especiallymale,whoiseasilycheated:

greenhorn

4.aroominatheatreorconcerthallwhereactorsmusicians,etc.,canrestwhennotperforming:

greenroom

（B）hand:

1.asmallbagforawomantocarryhermoneyandpersonalthingsin:

handbag

2.ashortbookgivingallthemostimportantinformationaboutasubject:

handbook

3.anapparatusthatstopsavehicle,workedbythedriver’shand:

handbreak　4.abarofwoodormetalfixedbesideaplacewhereonewalksforholdingonto,especiallynearstairs:

handrail

（C）after:

　１.Thecareortreatmenttosomeoneafteraperiodinhospital,prison,etc:

aftercare2.aneffect（usuallyunpleasant）thatfollowssometimeafterthecauseorafterthemaineffect:

aftereffect3.atastethatstaysinthemouthafterthefoodthatcauseditinnolongerthere:

aftertaste4.anideathatcomeslater:

afterthought

（D）sleeping:

１alargethickenvelopeorbagofwarmmaterialforsleepinginwhencamping:

sleepingbag２arailwaycarriagewithbedsforpassengers:

sleepingcar

３apillwhichhelpsapersontosleep:

sleepingpill

４.apartnerinabusinesswhotakesnoactivepartinitsoperation:

sleepingpartner

（E）running:

1.apersonwithwhomanotherisrunningforapairofpoliticalpositionsofgreaterorlessimportance,especiallythoseofPresidentandvice-Prisident:

runningmate2.handwritinginwhichthelettersareslantedandthewordsformedwithoutliftingthepen:

runninghand　3.aheadlinerepeatedonconsecutivepages（asofabook）:

runninghead4.afootboardespeciallyatthesideofanautomobile:

runningboard

（F）wash:

1.alargefixedbasinforwaterforwashingone’shandsandface:

washbasin

2.amovableboardwithawavysurfaceagainstwhichclothesmayberubbedwhenwashing:

washboard　3.awomanwhosejobistowashclothes,ofteninherownhome:

washerwoman4.acloththatisusedforwashingone’sfaceandbody:

washcloth

（G）sun:

1.theconditionofhavingsoreskinafterexperiencingtheeffectsofstrongsunlight:

sunburn2aflashofsunlight,especiallythroughabreakinclouds:

sunburst

3.thetimewhenthesunisseentodisappearasnightbegins:

sunset

4.strongsunlight,aswhentherearenoclouds:

sunshine

（H）break:

1.aasuddenfailureinoperation:

breakdown

2.theunlawfulcanteringofabuilding,usingforce:

break-in

3.theactionofforcingawaythroughtheenemy:

breakthrough

4.adivisionintsmallerparts:

breakup

（I）out:

1.suddenappearanceorbeginningofsomethingbad:

outbreak

2.apublicshowofanger:

outcry　3.moneyspentforapurpose:

outlay

4.awaythroughwhichsomething（usuallyaliquidoragas）maygoout:

outlet

将下列复合动词译成汉语

Blue-pencil:

修改,校正cold-shoulder:

冷淡

court-martial:

对...进行军法审判Handcuff:

将...上手铐

pitch-fork:

骤然；把...塞进sandbag:

用沙袋阻塞

Shipwreck:

船只出事short-circuit:

使短路

snowball:

（滚雪球似的）增加Wisecrack:

说俏皮话

找出下列句子中由名词转化的动词（答案为黑体字的原形）

1.Ashy,frightenedchild…”NametheCzarofRussia”

2.Atoncethevillagersformedacircle…

3.AgamermnonwiththerestoftheGreekarmysailedaway..

4.AlmostbeforetheTrojanscouldarmthemselves..

5.Ibegantosee…wouldexpectalargepursestuffedwith..

6.Afewyearsagothelandladylockedthefront

7.Anupstairs…,questionedthemenand…

8.Thechildrenheadedtowardschool…

9.Likethe…,branchingout…

10.Anhourwentbyanddarknessstillshrouded…

11.Theyboardedboats

12.Theday-to-day…hardtomeasure,

13.,smogresults

14.Thereareafewsuccessstoriesinbattlingair…

15.Pollutioncanbetrappedbefore

16.Ifnationstradeditem

17.She’stheonewho’ssappedyourconfidence.

18.…,fairlywelldressedbut

19.Theyoung…bypocketingthemoney.

20.Butthepreparation…toflakeoffeven…

形容词转动词（答案为黑体字的原形）

1.Calmingdown,…

2.SuchwasPompeii…hasbeenclearedaway.

3.Housesandclothesmustbecleanedmorefrequently

4.…”helpedraisethestandardoflivingandlowerthestandardofair”

5.…Therehisfatheropenedabusiness…

6.TheAcademyofSciencewasclosedtohim

7.…torisearecooledand…

8.Heemptiedout…

9.…,andittookhalfanhourtofreehim

10.Thewetclotheswillsoondryinthesun.

动词转名词（答案为黑体字的原形）

1.Whyisthisenormousincreaseinpopulation…tothespreadofthe…

2.…cametotheaidofthesurgeon…

3.Iknowmyfriendsfromthefeeloftheirfaces.

4.…personalitiesbytouch

5.…,betweenserves

6.…ofhisslowgrins

7.…anappealinglook.

8.…hasgivenrisetothese…

9.…asifitwereachewoftobacco.

10.…getridofRex.

写出下列报刊题目中利用的截短词的全称

1.USautoworkersendstrike.（automobile）

2.SovietsuboffJapan.（submarine）

3.Palestiniandemosmarkmassacres.（demonstrations）

4.US:

firstuseofnukeweaponsnotunlawful.（nuclear）

5.ViettroopssuffersetbackinKampuchea.（Vietnamese）

6.Iranasksforintoonstolengems.（information）

7.PetrochemicalCorpbuilds42banks.（corporation）

8.Rural-creditco-opstogetmoreautonomy.（cooperatives）

9.WEuropeactstomeethigh-techchallenge.（high-technology）

10.SetbackforgoverningpartiesinEurovote.（European）

写出下列首字母拼音词的全称并译成汉语

1.AIM:

AirInterceptMissile空中截击导弹

2.BADGE:

BaseAirDefenceGroundEnvironment基地防空地面戒备系统

3.BAR:

BrowningAutomaticRifle勃朗宁自动步枪

4.CAR:

CivilAirRegulations民航条例

5.CORE:

CongressofRacialEquality争取权平等大会

6.DOP:

developing-outpaper相纸

7.FIAT:

FabbricaItalianaAutomobili菲亚特汽车公司

8.MAP:

MilitaryAidProgram军事援助计划

9.MOSS:

mannedorbitalspacestation在人轨道空站

10.MOUSE:

minimumorbitalunmannedsatellitetheearth不载人的最小地球卫星

11.NANA:

NorthAmericaNewspaperAlliance北美报业联盟

12.NATO:

NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization北大西洋公约组织

13.OPEC;OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountries石油输出国组织

14.SALT:

StrategicArmsLimitationTalks限制战略武器会谈

15.SAM:

surface-to-airmissile地对空导弹

16.SEATO:

SoutheastAsiaTreatyOrganizaion东南亚条约组织

17.SHAPE:

SupremeHeadquartersofAlliedPowersinEurope欧洲盟军最高司令部

18.UFO:

UnidentifiedFlyingObject不明飞行物