大学英语综合教程第一单元知识点.docx

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大学英语综合教程第一单元知识点.docx

大学英语综合教程第一单元知识点

Unit1GrowingUp

DetailedReading

I.DifficultSentences

1.UntilthenI’dbeenboredbyeverythingassociatedwithEnglishcourses.(Para.1)

Whatcanweinferfromthissentence?

(Uptothen,BakerhadhadnointerestinthingsrelatedtoEnglishcourses.)

2.Ihatedtheassignmentstoturnoutlong,lifelessparagraphsthatwereagonyforteacherstoreadandformetowrite.(Para.1)

Paraphrasethesentence.

(Ifounditpainfultowritelong,boringessaysasrequiredbyteachers;neitherdidteachersenjoywhatIwrote.)

3.anothercheerlessyearinthatmosttediousofsubjects(Para.2)

Whatcanwelearnfromthisphrase?

(WecanknowfromthisphrasethatbeforeMr.FleaglebecameBaker’sEnglishteacher,allEnglishcoursesweredull.)

4.IpreparedforanunfruitfulyearwithMr.Fleagleandforalongtimewasnotdisappointed.(Para.3)

Whatdoestheauthorreallymeanwhenhesays“I...wasnotdisappointed”?

(HemeansthathisexpectationwasrightthatMr.Fleagle’slessonsweredull.)

5.Itookthelisthomeanddidnothinguntilthenightbeforetheessaywasdue.Lyingonthesofa,Ifinallyfaceduptotheunwelcometask,tookthelistoutofmynotebook,andscannedit.(Para.3)

1)Whatcanweinferfromthesesentences?

(Bakerwasunwillingtowritehisessay.)

2)Listphrasestosupportyourinference.

(didnothinguntil…theessaywasdue;faceduptotheunwelcometask.)

6.Thistitleproducedanextraordinarysequenceofmentalimages.(Para.4)

ParaphrasethesentenceandtranslateitintoChinese.

(AtthesightofthetitleIsawanunusualseriesofpicturesinmymind’seye.这个题目在我脑海里唤起了一连串不同寻常的图像。

7.VividmemoriescamefloodingbackofanightinBellevillewhenallofuswereseatedaroundthesuppertable—UncleAllen,mymother,UncleCharlie,Doris,UncleHal—andAuntPatservedspaghettiforsupper.(Para.4)

Analyzethestructureofthesentence.

(在这个长句中,camefloodingback是谓语,其余的都是主语。

为了使句子结构平衡,避免头重脚轻,作者运用了割裂修饰法,把谓语前移,主语中心语的修饰成分后置,使谓语紧接主语。

例如:

-Alisthasbeendrawnupofwordswehavelearnedsofar.

-Allisnotgoldthatglitters.)

8.NeitherDorisnorIhadevereatenspaghetti,andnoneoftheadultshadenoughexperiencetobegoodatit.(Para.4)

WhatistherelationshipbetweenBakerandDoris?

Why?

(DoriswasBaker’ssisterorhisfemalecousin.Tworeasonsforthat:

-Dorisisafemalename;

-Theauthormentioned“noneoftheadults...”whichshowsthattheywerestillchildren,notadults.)

9.IwaspreparingmyselfforacommandtoreporttoMr.FleagleimmediatelyafterschoolfordisciplinewhenIsawhimliftmypaperfromhisdeskandknockfortheclass’sattention.(Para.6)

1)Paraphrasethispartofthesentence:

Iwasprepared…fordiscipline.

(IwasreadyforMr.Fleagle’sordertoseehimsoonafterschoolforthepurposeofpunishingme...)

2)WhydidBakerthinkhewouldbepunished?

(Becausetohismind,thistimehehadviolatedtherulesofformalcomposition.)

3)What’sthefunctionoftheword“when”inthesentence?

(Theword“when”heredoesn’tmean“atorduringthetimethat”(当…时).Instead,itmeans“andthen”(在那时).

Moreexamples:

-Hehadjustdriftedofftosleepwhenthebellrang.

-IwasabouttoaskafterhiswifewhenIsuddenlyrememberedthattheyweregettingadivorce.)

10.Intheeleventhgrade,attheeleventhhourasitwere,Ihaddiscoveredacalling.(Para.9)

TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.

(就在十一年级,可谓是最后的时刻,我找到了一件今生想做的事。

II.Words&Expressions

offandon(oronandoff):

fromtimetotime;nowandagain;irregularly

-Ithasbeenrainingonandoffforaweek.That’swhytheclothesfeeldamp.

-Asherpatientsleptsoundlyduringthenight,NurseBettywasabletodozeoffandoninabedsidechair.

takehold:

becomeestablished

-TheideaofonechildhastakenholdinmanyChinesefamilies.

-老习惯是很难摆脱的。

这就是为什么你要在习惯养成前戒烟。

(Oldhabitsdiehard.That’swhyyoushouldstopsmokingbeforethehabittakeshold.)

bore:

vt.make(sb.)feeltiredandloseinterest

-Thespeakerwentonandon,andtheaudiencegrewboredbyhisspeech.

-TomSawyergrewboredwithpaintingthegardenfence,sohethoughtofawaytomakeotherspaintforhim.

Collocation:

acrashingbore讨厌至极的人/事

afrightfulbore讨厌得要命的家伙

aninsufferablebore讨厌得令人无法忍受的人

anutterbore极惹人厌烦的事

associate:

vt.joinorconnecttogether;connectorbringinthemind

-我们总是把埃及与金字塔联系起来。

(WeoftenassociateEgyptwithpyramids.)

-Ican’tassociatethisgentleyoungwomanwiththeradicalpoliticalessaysshehaswritten.

-Jimwishedtoforgeteverythingassociatedwithhisformerlife.

turnout:

1)comeoutorgatherasforameeting,publicevent,etc.

2)provetobe

3)shutoff

4)produce;make

Matchtheabovedefinitionswiththesentencesbelow.

-Alargegroupofprotestershaveturnedout.

(1)

-Theschoolhasturnedoutsomegreatscholars.(4)

-Turnoutthelightbeforeyougotobed.(3)

-Theplanturnedoutafailure.

(2)

-Wearetoturnout100,000,586computersnextyeartomeetthemarketrequirements.(4)

-Theexperimentturnedouttobeasuccess.

(2)

-Crowdsturnedoutfortheprocession.

(1)

anticipate:

vt.expect(usu.followedbygerundorthat-clause)

-Thepolicehadanticipatedtroublefromthesoccerfansandwereatthegroundinlargenumbers.

-他们预测到2012年死于艾滋病的人数将增加一倍。

(TheyanticipatethatdeathsfromAIDSwillhavedoubledby2012.)

N.B.该动词所接的宾语可以是动名词,不可用不定式代替。

-Weanticipaterunningintoproblemsincarryingoutthemedicalwelfarereform.

-Weanticipatehearingfromyouagain.

tedious:

adj.boringandlastingforalongtime

-Themoviewassotediousthatmanyviewersleftbeforeitwasover.

-LaurafoundGeorgetobetediousanddecidednottoseehimanymore.

inspire:

vt.fill(sb.)withconfidence,eagerness,etc.

-MartinLutherKing,Jr.’sspeechesinspiredpeopletofightforequaltreatmentofAfricanAmericans.

-Thelastleafonthetreethatneverfelloffinspiredthedyingpatientwiththewilltoliveon.

Collocation:

inspiresth.insb.(=inspiresb.withsth.)使某人产生某种感情;激发某人的某种感情

rigid:

adj.(oftendisapproving)fixedinbehavior;basedoncorrectoracceptedrules

-如果他从前对事情不那么严格苛刻的话,他女儿就不会这么年轻就离家出走了。

(Ifhehadbeenalittlelessrigidaboutthings,hisdaughterwouldnothavelefthomeatsuchayoungage.)

-Therigidheadmasterwouldbuttonuphisclothesevenonthehottestdays.

severe:

adj.

1)completelyplain

-Thewidowworeasevereblackdresstoherhusband’sfuneral.

-海明威以其朴实的写作风格而闻名于世。

(Hemingwayisknownforhisseverewritingstyle.)

2)stern;strict

-Onlythosewhohaveundergoneseveretrainingcanbeacceptedintotheairforce.

-FuLeiwassoseverewithhissonthatevenhiswifewouldcry.

3)causingverygreatpain,difficulty,worry,etc.

-TheseverechestpainexperiencedbytheVice-Presidentprovedtobeaheartattack.

-工厂必须生产出更新更好的产品,才能在激烈的商业竞争形势中获胜。

(Afactorymustturnoutnewerandbetterproductstowinintheclimateofseverebusinesscompetition.)

CF:

severe,stern&strict

severe作“严厉”解时,可以用来形容人(severefather严厉的父亲),人的面貌(severelook严厉的神色),人的态度(Theteacherisseverewithhisstudents.教师对学生很严厉。

)。

stern与severe相近,但用途比较窄,一般用于人的容貌或态度。

例如:

asternfather和aseverefather都可以用,但含义稍有不同:

aseverefather指对于子女有严厉的要求,积极的意义较多;asternfather则指对子女不含温情,要他们服从,消极的意味较多。

strict相当于汉语的“严格的”,须先假定有一种客观的标准(如规章、纪律、定义、真理等)。

例如:

-Theteacherisstrictwithhisstudents.

-Thereisastrictregulationagainstsmokingintheauditorium.

tackle:

vt.dealwith

-Toshiba(东芝)recentlydesignedarobotthatcantacklealmostanykindsofhousework.

-Thequestionsetbytheteacherwassodifficultthatthepupilsdidnotknowhowtotackleit.

faceupto:

bebraveenoughtoacceptordealwith(aproblemordifficulty)

-YeltsinfaceduptothefactthathewasnolongerfitfortheRussianpresidencyandresignedonNewYear’sEve.

-既然你女儿已经诞生了,你就要承担起做父亲的责任。

(Nowthatyourdaughterwasborn,you’llhavetofaceuptotheresponsibilitiesofbeingafather.)

sequence:

n.connectedlineofevents,ideas,etc.

-连续的歉收(badharvest)迫使一些非洲国家请求外国援助(foreignaid)。

(AsequenceofbadharvestsforcedsomeAfricancountriestoaskforforeignaid.)

-TheFalloftheRomanEmpirewaswritteninhistoricalsequence.

CF:

sequence&series

sequence是指“先后衔接的次序”。

这种次序可以是历史性的,即事态发生时的先后次序;也可以是逻辑性的,即论点先后的衔接,相当于汉语的“语无伦次”中的“伦次”。

例如:

-Ihaveapoormemoryfordatesandoftenmixupthesequenceofevents.(我记日期的能力很差,常把事情的先后次序弄混。

-Yourargumentlackslogicalsequence,foryoursecondpointdoesnotfollowthefirst.(你的论据缺乏逻辑顺序,因为你的第二点与第一点衔接不上。

series是指“系列”、“组”,可以有先后衔接的次序,也可以没有,但一系列或一组的东西一定自成一个完整的单位。

例如:

-ProfessorLiwillgiveaseriesoflecturesontheMiddleEastissue.(李教授将就中东问题做一系列的讲座。

-ThepostofficehasissuedaseriesofstampscommemoratingtheOlympicGames.(邮政局发行了一组纪念奥运会的邮票。

Collocation:

insequence顺次,挨次

inrapidsequence紧接着,一个接着一个

inregularsequence按次序,有条不紊

thesequenceofevents事情的先后顺序

recall:

vt.bringbacktothemind;remember(usu.followedbynoun/gerund,orthat-clause)

-Irecognizethefacebutcan’trecallhername.

-Idon’trecallevermeetingher.

-Sherecalledthatshehadtoseethedoctoragainthatafternoon.

CF:

recall,remember&remind

这三个词都与“记忆”有关,前两个词有时可通用。

recall“想起”,把忘记的东西又想起来了,其动作包含有意识的努力,因此常与can,could等词连用,强调一次的回忆。

例如:

-TryasImight,IcouldnotrecallwhereIhadleftthebook.(我怎么也想不起来我把书丢在哪里了。

-IrememberherfacebutIcannotrecallwhereImether.(我记得她的脸,但是想不起在什么地方见过她。

remember“想起”,用处比较广泛,指事物自然在记忆中出现,不包含努力或意志。

例如:

-IsuddenlyrememberedIhadleftthebookinthelibrary.(我突然想起我把书忘在图书馆里了。

如果remember表示有意识的行动,常指“记住”。

例如:

-Youmustrememberthisphonenumber.(你必须记住这个电话号码。

remind指“使某人想起”,“提醒”,宾语是人。

具体用法如下:

1)接宾语;

2)接宾语+of+宾语;

3)接宾语+不定式;

4)

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