英语常见词根词缀整理.docx

英语常见词根词缀整理.docx

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英语常见词根词缀整理

初中英语常见词根词缀整理

1.常见的名词后缀

（1）表示“人和物

-an

Americanhistorian

-ian

-ant

-ent

ItalianCanadianpolitician

assistantaccountantparticipantstudentpresidentresident

-ee

employeetrainee

-er

writerspeakerwaiter

-or

actorconductorsailor

-ess

-ist

waitresshostessactresssocialistnovelistscientistdentist

2）表示“性质、状态、动作、行为”的抽象名词

-ability

-ibility

-age

-al

suitabilityprobabilitypossibilityresponsibilitymarriageshortagecarriagearrivalrefusalrevivalsurvival

-ance

acceptanceimportancedistanceignorance

-ence

dependenceexistencedifferenceconference

-dom

freedomwisdomseldom

-ery-hood-ion

slaverybraverydiscoverymasteryrobberychildhoodadulthoodneighborhoodquestionconstructionelectionconduction

-ition-ation-ism-ment

compositioncompetition

modernizationcivilizationalterationpessimismoptimismsocialismMarxismmovementgovernmentencouragement

-ness-ship-ure

kindnesscarelessness

friendshipleadershiprelationshipexposurefailuremeasureleisurepleasure

2.常见的动词后缀：

表示“使（成为）”使“⋯⋯化”-atecirculatedecorateregulatealternate-enstrengthenweakenbroadenwidenlighten

-ify

classifysimplifyspecifyqualify

certif

-ize

realizeorganicriticiz

recognize

zee

-ish

astonischerisestablis

finish

vanis

hhh

punish

h

3：

常见形容词后缀

（1）表示“具有⋯⋯性质的

-al

nationalculturalnatural

-an

Americanrepublican

-ian

ItalianCanadianChristian

-ant

pleasantresistantdistantconstant

-ent

differentconfidentexcellent

-ary

necessaryimaginarycustomary

-ory

compulsorycontradictory

-ate

consideratefortunate

-ese

ChineseTaiwaneseCantonese

-ic

heroicpoeticeconomic

-some

troublesomehandsomequarrelsome

（2）表示“充满或缺乏

-freeduty-freecare-freeworry-free

-fulhopefulusefulwonderfulhelpful

-lesshopelessuselessneedless

-（i）ousdangerousvariousanxiousserious

-yrainycloudydirtyhairytrendyfishy

（3）表示“类似”

-ishchildishstylishgreenish

-likechildlikebusinesslike

-lybrotherlyfriendlydeadlydeathly

（4）表示“主、被动意义”

-able

comfortable

capablebelievabledisable

-ible

responsible

sensiblevisible

-ive

activepositivenegativepassiveextensive

（5）表示“方向”

-ward

downward

backwardforward

westwardeastward

4:

常见的副词后缀

-lystronglysuccessfullyquicklyangrilyslowly

-ward（s）downwardseastwards

-wiseclockwiselikewiseotherwise

常见的前缀

1表示“否定或逆转”

de-defeatdefenddefinedeform

disgust

dis-disappeardisagreedisorder

in-incorrectinactiveincapableinaccurateil-illegal

illogicalilliberal

im-impossibleimmatureimperfect

impatientir-irregularirrelevantirresponsible

mis-misusemisleadmisunderstandingnon-non-

stopnonsensenon-violenceun-unhappyunluckyunpleasant

2：

表示“时间顺序”

ex-ex-presidentex-wifeex-husbandfore-foretellforeheadforeseeforecastmid-middlemidfieldmidnightmidtermpost-post-warpostgraduatepostponepre-prepareprepayprematurepredictre-recallrepairrebuildrewrite

3:

表示“方向或位置”

ex-exportexcludeexpelexert

in-invadeincludeindicateindoorinfect

im-importimmigrateimitate

impactimpairinter-international

interactiveinterchange

sub-

subwaysubsequensubstandard

tsubtitle

tele-telephonetranstranspar-ent

telescoptelecommunicatioen

transportransplant

ttranslate

4:

表示“程度、大小或差

别”macr-o

macroecono

mics

micro-microscopeMicrosoftmicro-ovenmini-minibusminiskirtminimumoveroverworkoveruseoverhearsupersupermarketsuperpowersuperbunderunderdevelopedunderestimate

5量：

”表示“数

量”

bi-

bicycle

bimont

bilingualbilate

hly

ral

kilo

kilome

kilogra

kilohertz

-

ter

m

kilow

att

mono-

monolingual

monologuemonopolymultimultiplemultimediamultinational

semi-semifinalsemiconductorsemiconscioustri-triangletricycletripletrilateraluniunicycleuniqueuniversaluniform

6：

变换词类的前缀

be-

befrie

nd

belittlebehead

en-

enable

endangerenjoy

endear

enlarge

encour

age

em-

embrac

employembitter

embezzle

e

embody

常见的词根

1:

audi=hear

audienceauditoriumaudibleaudition2:

ced（cess）=go

precedeproceedprocess

successorsuccessiverecedeexceedexcess3:

cept=take

exceptexceptionexceptionalacceptacceptanceacceptable

interceptreceptiondeceptionconceptconceptionreceptive4:

circ=ring

circleencirclesemicirclecircularcirculatecirculationcircumstance5:

clud（clus）=close,shut

excludeexclusiveincludeinclusiveconcludeconclusionsecludesecluded

（decide,decisive,decision）

6:

cord=heart

recordrecorderconcordconcordant

accordaccordant

discorddiscordant

7:

cred=believe,trust

creditcrediblediscredit

incrediblecredulousincredulous8:

cur（curs,cour）=runoccuroccurrencecurrentcurrencycourseconcur

recurrentrecur

9:

dict（dic）=say

contradictdictatepredictpredictionindicateindicationdictionary10:

duc（duct）=leadeducateintroduceintroductionconductproductreducereductiondeduce

11:

fer=bring,carry

conferenceconferdifferdifferentofferprefer

preferabletransfer

defer

12:

fus=pour

refuserefusalconfuseconfusion

transfusetransfusion13:

ject=throwprojectinjectrejectrejectioninterjectsubjectsubjectiveobjectobjectiveabjectadjectiveeject

monologuelogic15:

medi=middle

immediateimmediatelymediummultimediaintermediatemedievalMediterraneanmedicine16:

memor=memorymemorymemorizememomemorablememorialcommemorateremember17:

mini=small,little

minimumminimizediminishminusminorminiskirtminority18:

miss（mit）=send

missiledismissemitpromise

compromisecommitsubmit19:

mot=move

motionmotivemotivatepromotepromotiondemoteremote20:

pel=push,drive

propelexpelrepelrepulsionrepulsivedispel

compel21:

pend（pens）=hang

dependdependentindependentsuspendsuspensesuspensionappenddependdependable22:

port=carryportableporterimportexporttransporttransportationreportsupportsupportivesport23:

pos=put

exposecomposecompositioncomposerproposeproposalopposeoppositedisposedisposalposeposition24:

rupt=break

ruptureinterruptinterruptiondisruptbankruptcorrupt25:

sent（sens）=feel

sensesensationsentimentalconsentconsensusresentsensiblesensitivenonsenseassentsentence26:

sist=stand

resistresistantconsistconsistentassistassistantexist

existentinsistinsistentpersist

persistent

27:

spect（spec）=look

spectacleprospectinspectexpectrespectsuspect

suspicious

specifyspecific=hold

containobtaincontinueattainmountain

spectatorspecialspeculate28:

tain（ten,tin）

sustainmaintaincontinualcontinuousfountain

curtain

29:

tend（tens,tent）=stretch

extendextensionextensiv（extendedfamily）

extentattendattendant

attentionattentive

contentcontestcontestant

tendtent30:

tract=draw

tractorattractattractivecontractabstract

（concrete）extractsubtractdistract

distractiondistracteddistracting

31:

ven=come

inventinventionpreventpreventionconventionaleventeventual32:

vert（vers）=turn

advertiseanniversarydivertdiverse

diversifydiversityrevertreverseintrovertextrovertconvertversatilecontroversialinvertavert33:

vis（vid）=see

visionvisiblevisitadviseadvisablerevisesupervisevisa

evidentevidence

providevideo