英国文学学年论文.docx

英国文学学年论文.docx

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英国文学学年论文

Contents

Abstract.......................................................................................................1

KeyWords………………………………………………………………..1摘要........................................................................................................1关键词........................................................................................................2

1.Introduction…………………………………………………………....2

2.AnalysisoffivemarriagesinPrideandPrejudice………………...…2

2.1Mr.andMrs.Bennet…………………………………………………………….3

2.2JaneandBingley………………………………………………………………..4

2.3ElizabethandDarcy…………………………………………………………….5

2.4LydiaandWickham……………………………………………………………..5

2.5CharlotteandCollins………………………………………………………........6

3.SignificanceofAusten’sviewsonmarriageinPrideandPrejudice…...7

3.1ProgressivenessofAusten’sviewsonmarriage………………………………...7

3.2LimitationofAusten’sviewsonmarriage………………………………….......8

4.Conclusion……………………………………………………………...9

Bibliography……………………………………………………………..10

JaneAusten’sViewofMarriageinPrideandPrejudice

Abstract：

JaneAustenwasoneoftheoutstandingrealisticnovelistsinthenineteenth-century-Englishliterature．PrideandPrejudiceisaworldwidepopularnovelpublishedin1813．Austensetthestoryinthefirstdecadeofthenineteenthcentury．Atthattime，marriagewastheonlywayforwomentogainsocialstatusandrecognition.Theauthorofthepresentthesiswillanalyzethefivemarriagepatternsfromtheperspectiveofsociohistoricalliterarycriticismtoexploretheimportantrolethatmoneyandloveplaysinmarriage.ItcanbeseenclearlythatAustenfullyexpressesheroriginalviewsonmarriage：

property,socialstatusandlovearethreeindispensableelementsinamarriage．Itiswrongtomarryformoney，butitisunwisetomarrywithoutmoney.Austen’sviewsonmarriageemphasizeloveandeconomiccondition,butloveplaysthesignificantrole，whichisthepredominantaspectatAusten’stime.ThethesistriestodrawsomeinspirationfromAustenandprovidesomehintsformodernwomenintheirviewofmarriage,andaddsomethingnewintotheliterarycriticismofthegreatworkofJaneAusten.

KeyWords：

PrideandPrejudice;viewsonmarriage;love;property;realisticsignificance

摘要：

简·奥斯汀是十九世纪英国文学史上最伟大的现实主义小说家之一。

她的《傲慢与偏见》于1813年问世，是一部享誉世界的著名小说。

小说将故事情节置于十九世纪初，十九世纪的英国，婚姻是女性获得社会地位和社会认知的唯一途径。

本文使用社会历史批评的方法来分析小说中五种不同类型的婚姻，探讨金钱与爱情在婚姻中的重要作用，从而得出作者简·奥斯汀的婚姻观：

财产、门第和爱情是婚姻中必不可少的三个因素，为了金钱而结婚是错误的，然而缺少金钱的婚姻也是不明智的。

奥斯汀的婚姻观强调爱情和经济条件，但是爱情起着重要的作用，这一点在奥斯汀所处时代是有重要意义的。

本文作者意在借用奥斯汀的一些进步观点为现代女性在婚姻观方面提供一些借鉴，同时为使用文学批评方法研究奥斯汀的这一著作增添一些新的东西。

关键词:

《傲慢与偏见》；婚姻观；爱情；财产；现实意义

1.Introduction

JaneAustenwasoneofthedistinguishedEnglishnovelistsofthenineteenthcentury．Asadaughterofacountryclergyman，Austenneverenteredaformalschool，butshewaswelleducatedbyherfamily.Attheageofabouttwelve，Austenbegantowrite．Shewroteandcompletedsixnovelsandthreeminorwritingsinherlifetime．Shewasobviouslyafruitfulnovelistandengagedinwritingforallherlife．“SheissaidtohavetheequalnameasSirWalterScott”（Duckworth23）.

Likeherothernovels，PrideandPrejudicefocusesonfivefamiliesinthetown．Themaincharactersaretheladiesfromthegenteelclass.Austenusescharactersasliterarydevicestoshowtherelationshipbetweenmarriedforloveandmarriedforalternativereasons．MarriagewasthoughttobethesinglepossiblefulfillmentforawomanatthetimewhenAustenwrotethenovel．Marriageplayedanimportantroleinwomen’slife．

Theauthorofthepresentthesiswillanalyzethefivemarriagepatternsfromtheperspectiveofsociohistoricalliterarycriticism.PartoneisabriefintroductionofJaneAustenandPrideandPrejudice.ParttwowillpresentaanslysisoffivemarriagesinPrideandPrejudice.PartthreeisthesignificanceofAusten’sviewsonmarriage.ThepositiveaspectsthatAustenemphasizesonlovebetweenmaleandfemaleandonwomen’seducationareincluded,aswellasthelimitation.Thelastpartofthethesisisconclusion.Althoughwomenbecomeindependentineconomy,marriageisstilltheirimportantlifegoal．Austen’sviewsonmarriagegiveusefuladviceforselectingtheirpropermates．

2.AnalysisoffivemarriagesinPrideandPrejudice

InPrideandPrejudice，Austenopenswithadirectreferencetomoneymarriageandshowsthathowthedelicatehumanemotionsinteractwithandareinfluencedbyfinancialconsiderations.Thebrilliantfirstsentenceoutlinestheplotandstatestheunderlyingthemeofsocialcriticism：

“Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledgedthatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife”（Austen1）．“agoodfortune”and“inwantof”aretwokeyphrases．“inwantof”meansthesinglemanneedsawifeobjectively,while“agoodfortune”meansthatsinglemanbecomesasubjectivetargetofthegirlwhowantstocapturehimashusband．Suchkindofwordsmakesthepropositionhavemoreobjectivityof“truth”．

Women’schoicesinJaneAusten’ssocietywereseverelylimited．Marriagewasnotmerelyaproblemoflove；whatismore，itwasaproblemofeconomy．BothAustenandherheroinesaremoreinterestedinmoneythaninothermoreimportantconsiderationswhenitcomestochoosinghusbands．However,itdoesnotmeanthatAusten’sviewsonmarriagearevulgar.Onthecontrary,theytrulyreflectthesocialandhistoricalconventionsofhertime．

Asafemalewriterofwomen’sloveandmarriageathertime，JaneAustendescribesmarriageasmoreforconvenienceratherthancompatibility．Marriageisbasedoneconomicandsocialbackgrounds．Inotherwords，itisfarmorebasedonmoneyandnoton1ove．ThroughoutPrideandPrejudice，Austen’sviewsonmarriageareconveyedthroughthemarriageofseveraldifferentcharactersandtheirmarriagepatterns.

2.1Mr.andMrs.Bennet

ThemarriageofMr.andMrs.Bennetisatypicalinstanceofthetraditionalmarriageintheeighteenthcentury．Theirmarriagequitedearlyshowsthatthetwohaveneverexperiencedmuchmutualloveandisdonemostlyforfinancialbenefit.ItisasafepreservetoMrs.Bennet，butisatragedytoMr.Bennet.

AustendepictsMrs.Bennetasasimple-mindedprettywomanwhofrequentlycomplainsabouthernerve.Mr.Bennetisanintelligentandwittyman．He“wassooddamixtureofquickparts，sarcastichumor,reserveandcaprice，thattheexperienceofthreeandtwentyyearshadbeeninsufficienttomakehiswifeunderstandhischaracter”（Austen3）．Itshowsthatthereisnomaritalhappinessofemotionalandintellectualunderstandingbetweenthecouple．Mr.Bennetmarriedforbeautyandmoney．Aftermarriage，hesoonrealizedthatMrs.Bennet，duetoherintellectualweaknessandnarrowvision，wouldnotmakeheranidealwife．Heputsanendtoallrealaffectionforher．

ToMr．andMrs.Bennet，theirmarriageisasocialresponsibility,evenwhenlovedisappears，themarriagestillcanbecontinuing．Throughtheirmarriage，AustentriestoshowthatMrs.Bennetisunfairlytreated，andthewomen’ssocialstatusisverylowinthepatriarchalsociety．Asatypicalwomanofthattime，shewasmerelyeducatedinpleasingthemale．Butinthereallife．shecouldnotsatisfywithherhusband．AustenseemstoridiculeMrs.Bennet，infact，shecriticizesthisunequalsociety.Shebelievesthatbothmenandwomenshouldenjoyequaltreatment．Althoughtheworldisdominatedbymen，andmenareconsideredasintelligentandsensible，notallofthemarequalified．Mr.Bennetprovidesagoodexample．Hehasintelligenceandinsights，butheisnotaqualifiedhusband，noraqualifiedfather．

2.2JaneandBingley

Jane，theeldestdaughterofBennetfamily,isagood-naturedandgentlewomanwithintroverteddisposition．Bingleyisawealthy,handsome，cordialandsimpleyoungmanwhoiseasytoapproachandconstantinlove．AtadancingpartyinMeryton，JaneandBingleyfallinlovewitheachotheratfirstsight．

ThemarriageofJaneandBingleyisbasedonmutuallove．Bothofthempossesssomanycommonvirtues．Theyaregood-temperedandmodest．Theyshareamutualunderstandingandalwaysthinkbestofothers．Howevertheyalsohaveweaknesses．ToconcealherpassionstoBingleyshowsthatJanelacksstrengthandself-confidence．Pleasantandmodestasheis，Bingleycannottobeamanwithstronganddetermineddisposition．Hisindecisivecharacterdeterminesthathelacksindependenceinhismarriage．Bothofthemareweakinjudgmentandeasytobeinfluencedbyotherssotheyneedhelpinsomemoments．ItisfortunateenoughthatJaneandBingleycanalwaysreceiveconsiderateandbeneficialadvicefromElizabethandDarcy．

2.3ElizabethandDarcy

Elizabeth，theseconddaughterofBennetfamilyandtheprotagonistofPrideandPrejudice，isanintelligentandquick-wittedyounglady．SheisJaneAusten’sownfavoriteandshewrotehersisterwhenitappeared：

“ImustconfessthatIthinkher[theheroine，Elizabeth]asdelightfulacreatureaseverappearedinprint；andhowIshallbeabletotoleratethosewhodonotlikeheratleastIdonotknow”（Rubinstein345）．Austen’sdreamswhichcouldnotberealizedintherealityhavebeenrealizedbyherfavoritefemalecreatureinthenovel．Elizabethiscertainlyastrikingandsatisfactoryself-portraitofAusten．

Darcyisa“fine，tallperson，withhandsomefeatures，．．．”（Austen7）.HisproudisfurtheremphasizedwithhisoffensiverejectionofdancingwithElizabeth．However,DarcyisincreasinglyattractedbyElizabeth’sdarkeyes，dispositionandintelligence．ButhishaughtyproposalinsultedElizabeth’sself-esteem．ShefeelsthatsheisnottreatedequallywithDarcy．Sheisbynomeanstosacrificeherself-respecttoaccepthisoffer．Thetemptationofmoneyandsocialstatuscannotmakeherdisregardtheinequalitybetweenmenandwomen．Therefore