虚拟语气精讲精练及答案.docx

虚拟语气精讲精练及答案.docx

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虚拟语气精讲精练及答案

虚拟语气总览

1.英语中的三种语气

英语共有三种语气，陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。

陈述语气用来讲述事实，有肯定、否定、询问和感叹等形式，谓语动词有人称、时态和数的变化；祈使语气用于提出请求、建议、劝告、命令和警告等，以动词原形起句，否定式句前加Don’t；虚拟语气表示说话人所言内容不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、建议、请求、命令或猜测，有时只是说话者的主观愿望，或表达他/她的强烈情感，谓语动词用特殊形式。

2.非真实条件句的虚拟语气

条件从句

主句

过去

haddone

would/should/might/could/oughttohavedone

现在

did（be用were）

would/should/might/could/oughttodo

将来

1、did

2、shoulddo

3、weretodo

would/should/might/could/oughttodo

巧计主句中五个虚拟引导词：

MSCOW（奶牛女士）：

might,should,could,oughtto,would

2.1.与过去事实相反

1）.IfIhadhadmuchmoneyatthattime,Iwouldhaveboughtyouwhatyouwant.

2）.Ifyouhadbeenmorecareful,themistakemighthavebeenavoided.

3）.Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn’thavemadesuchamistake.

4）.Wewouldn’thavesucceededifithadnotbeenfortheirhelp.

5）.Ifyouhadbeenhereyesterday,youwouldhavemetthefilmstar.

6）.IfIhadknownmoreaboutgivingfirstaid,Icouldhavehelpedthem.

7）.Ifyouhadgotupearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthetrain.

8）.Ifwehadhadenoughrainlastyear,wecouldhavegainedagoodharvest.

9）.Ifyouhadworkedalittleharder,youcouldhavepassedthefinalexamination.

10）.Iftheyhadinvitedhertotheparty,shewouldhaveattendedit.

2.2.与现在事实相反

1）.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgothereatonce.

2）.Ifmyclassmateswerehere,theywouldhelpme.

3）.IfIwereyou,Iwouldacceptthejob.

4）.Ifclassesweresmaller,childrenwouldlearnmore.

5）.IfIweretenyearsyounger,Iwouldstartalloveragain.

6）.IfIhadenoughmoney,Iwouldbuyalargehouse.

7）.IfIhadtime,Iwouldgoshoppingwithyou.

8）.IfIknewalltheanswerstoallyourquestions,Iwouldbeagenius.

9）.Ifhewereherenow,wewouldaskhimaboutit.

10）.IfIhadtime,IwouldstudyFrench.

11）.IfIknewhernumber,Icouldringher.（可惜我不知道）

12）.Iftherewerenogravity,weshouldnotbeabletowalk.（实际上地球引力始终存在。

）

13）.IfIknewtheanswer,Iwouldtellyou.（实际上我确实不知道，所以肯定不能告诉你。

）

14）.IfIhadmoneyonme,Iwouldlendyousome.

15）.Wewouldnotbeabletowalkiftherewerenofriction.

16）.Ifyouwereinmyposition,whatwouldyoudo?

17）.Iftheytreatedmeasaslave,Ihadtoresign.

18）.Iftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhaveamuchhappiertime.

19）.Ifwisheswerehorses,beggarsmightride.（如果幻想能成为马匹，叫花子们都有了坐骑。

）

20）.Lifemightbetoodullifithadnodifficultiesinit.（倘若生活中没了困难，就会过于平淡。

）

2.3.与将来事实相反

1）.Ifitrained/shouldrain/weretoraintomorrow,wewouldhavearest.

2）.Ifthesunweretorisefromthewest,Iwouldmarryyou.

（注意：

对将来虚拟的条件从句中，在实现的可能性方面过去式did最大，shoulddo中等，weretodo最小。

如本句太阳没有可能从西方升起，所以本句用wereto最恰当。

）

3）.IfIweretomeethertomorrow,Iwouldaskheraboutit.

4）.Ifgreenplantsshoulddisappearsomeday,therewouldhardlybeanylifeontheearth.

5）.IfIweretodothework,Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.

6）.Ifitshould（wereto）rainthisafternoon,thefootballmatchwouldbeputoff.

7）.Ifyoumissedthefilmthisevening,youwouldbesorryforit.（如果今晚错过了这场电影，你会遗憾的。

实际上，你不会错过。

）

8）.IfIweretoseehertomorrow,Iwouldinviteherhome.

9）.Ifyoulivedthereforseveralmonths,youwouldchangeyourmindabouttheplace.

10）.Ifthingsweretobedonetwice,allwouldbewise.（如果事情能被做两次，人人都会变得明智。

）

2.4.混合型

1）.Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,youwouldbemuchbetternow.（过去→现在）

2）.Ifyouhadworkedhard,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.（过去→现在）

3）.Ifyouhadlistenedtome,youwouldn’tbeinsuchtroublenow.（过去→现在）

4）.Ifyouhadgotsixmorevotesyesterday,youwouldbeourchairmannow.（过去→现在）

5）.IfIhadearnedmuchmoneylastsummer,Iwouldgoonavacationnextmonth.（过去→将来）

6）.Ifyouhesitatedthismoment,youmightsufferinfuture.（现在→将来）

7）.Ifthedoctorhadcomesoonerlastnight,Tomwouldbealivetoday.（过去→现在）

8）.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.（现在→过去）

9）.Ifithadrainedlastnight,thegroundwouldbewetnow.（过去→现在）

10）.Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldn’tbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.（过去→过去→现在）

2.5.if的省略与条件句的倒装

1）.WereIyou,Iwouldhaveacceptedthejob.

2）.Wereshehere,shewouldsupportus.

3）.Wereyoutogofishingwithme,youwouldhaveamuchhappiertime.

4）.Weremenangels,nogovernmentwouldbenecessary.（如果人人都是天使，政府就没有必要了。

）

5）.Wereshemydaughter,Iwouldn’tallowhertostudyabroad.

6）.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemetmygirlfriend.

7）.HadItime,Iwouldcome.（本句中had是实意动词，而非主动词。

）

8）.HadIbeeninformedearlier,Icouldhavedonesomethingtopreventitfromhappening.

9）.Manypersonsintheworlswouldhavesucceededhadtheynotwastedtheirvaluabletime.

10）.Shoulditbefinetomorrow,wewouldgoouting.

11）.Shouldyouchangeyourmind,noonewouldblameyou.

12）.Wewouldgonetoyourbirthday