牛津高中英语虚拟语气的全部考点和记忆技巧.docx
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牛津高中英语虚拟语气的全部考点和记忆技巧
牛津高中英语虚拟语气的全部考点和记忆技巧
虚拟语气的基本内容
【开头引入】
If如果(如果有两种可能,有可能发生的,不可能发生的。
)
①有可能发生Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwillnotgotothepark.
②不可能发生虚拟语气,例如,如果我是姚明,。
。
。
虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望,假设,猜测或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实。
所以,凡表示与事实不符的假设,想象,愿望时,需用虚拟语气表达。
一、If引导的虚拟
(一)If引导的虚拟语气,可用下表表示。
从句
主句
与现在事实相反
did/were
Would/could/should/mightdo
与过去事实相反
Haddone
Would/could/should/mighthavedone
与将来时间相反
1.did/were
2.shoulddo
3.weretodo
Would/could/should/mightdo
例如:
1与现在事实相反:
IfIhadwings,Iwouldflyoverthesea.
2Ifshewererich,shewouldbuyabiggerhouse.
Iftherewerenogravity,wewouldnotbeabletowalkontheearth.
②与过去事实相反:
IfYouhadgonetotheparty,YouwouldhaveseenYaoMing.
Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedintheexam.
③与将来事实相反:
Ifheweretotomorrow,Wewouldhavethemeeting.
Ifheshouldcometomorrow,Wecouldgototheparktogether.
IftherewereaheavysnownextMonday,wewouldnotgoskating.
(二)if虚拟语气条件句的省略倒装。
如果虚拟条件从句中有were,had,should,可把if省略,把were,had,should提到主语前面,成为倒装结构。
①IfIwereyou,Iwouldacceptthechallenges.
----WereIyou,Iwouldacceptthechallenges
②Ifyouhadinformedmeearlier,Iwouldn’thavesignedthecontract.
----Hadyouinformedmeearlier,Iwouldn’thavesignedthecontract.
③Ifsheshouldbemydaughter,Iwouldn’tallowhertostudyabroad.
----Shouldshebemydaughter,Iwouldn’tallowhertostudyabroad.
VIPTips:
Wereitnotfor…“如果要不是…”Haditnotbeenfor…“如果当时要不是…”
①Wereitnotforyourhelp,Iwouldneverbeagoodboss.
要不是你的帮助,我永远成不了一个好的老板。
②Haditnotbeenforyou,Iwouldhavelostmyway.
当时要不是你,我就迷路了。
**如果谓语动词是否定形式,不能用动词的缩略形式。
3.Ifitweren’tfortheexpense,Iwouldgobroadnow.
Wereitnotfortheexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.
Exercises.1
1.Hadsheworkedharder,she_____________________(succeed).
2.IfthelawyerhadbeenherelastSaturday,he________________mefromgoing.(prevent)
3.__________suchadisaster_________,thedamagewouldbeincalculable.(occur)
4._________he_________today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.(leave)
5.IftherewerelifeonMars,suchlifeforms__________unabletosurviveontheearth.(be)
6.--Didyouremindhimofthemeeting?
--No,ifI__________athome,Iwouldhave.(be)
7.—Johnwenttothehospitalalone.
—Ifhe_____meaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.
A.shouldtellB.tellsC.toldD.hadtold
9.Ifwe____theotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.
A.takeB.hadtakenC.tookD.havetaken
10.Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifit____breakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.
A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.might
11.HadIknowaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandmoney____.
A.wouldhavebeensavedB.hadbeensaved
C.willbesavedD.wassaved
二、错综时间条件句
*注意:
考试时会出现一种情况,从句动作发生的时间和主句动作发生的时间不一致,被称为“错综时间条件句”,我们要分别根据从句和主句的动作发生的时间对其进行虚拟。
例如:
1Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvicejustnow,youwouldbebetternow.
如果你刚才听了我的建议,你现在就好多了。
②Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.
如果你以前好好学习的话,你现在就是大学生了。
③Ifhewerefreetoday,wewouldhavesenthimtoBeijing.
如果他今天方便的话,我们就可以把他送到北京去了。
Exercises2
1.MaybeifI____science,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.
A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.wasstudying
2.Look!
Ifwehadbeguntodotheworkyesterdaymorning,we____ourselvesjustlikethem.
A.wouldhaveenjoyedB.weretoenjoy
C.shouldenjoyD.wouldbeenjoying
3.Ifyouhadtakenthemedicineyesterday,you________sobadnow.
A.wouldn’thavefeltB.don’tfeel
C.wouldn’tbefeelingD.aren’tfeeling
4.IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforthepoorin1995,thehousingproblemsnowinsomepartsofthiscountry__________soserious.
A.wouldn’tbeB.won’tbe
C.willnothavebeenD.wouldnothavebeen
三、含蓄条件句。
有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件从句,而是通过介词短语,副词,连词替代来代替条件从句。
例如:
1.如果没有你的帮助,我们不可能提前完成任务。
Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.
ØHaditnotbeenforyourhelp,…
ØWithout/Butforyourhelp……
2.我那天生病了,否则,我就参加运动会了。
IfIhadnotbeenillthatday,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.
ØIwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting,butIwasillthatday.
ØIwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.
四、特殊句式
1.馒头-面条原理用于表示建议,决定,命令等词语后的that-从句
①用在suggest(建议),insist(坚决要求),order(命令,下令),advise(劝告,忠告),propose(提议,建议),recommend(劝告,建议)和require(法规要求,规定)等动词之后的that-宾语从句中,从句谓语动词用(should)+动词原形。
1.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)startoffearlythenextday.
2.Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.
3.Headvisedthatshe(should)waitforafewweeks.
4.Weproposedthatsomeoneneutral(should)takethechair.
5.Teachersrecommendparents(should)notallowtheirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.
注意:
当suggest表示“暗示”,“表明”之意,insist表示“坚持认为”,后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。
1.Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.
2.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolethemoney.
②用在idea,suggestion,advice,request,proposal,demand,order,plan等名词之后的that-表语从句和同位语从句。
从句谓语动词用(should)+动词原形。
1.Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.
2.Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoDalianforsightseeing.
3.Youradvicethatshe(should)waittillnextweekisreasonable.
4.Heignoredtheneighbor’srequeststhathe(should)makelessnoise.
5.Mydemandisthattheinformationreferredinmyreport(should)beemailedtoMr.Brownwithoutdelay.
③Itissuggested/strange/important/necessary/essential/recommended/natural/apitythat+从句。
从句的谓语动词用(should)+动词原形。
如果从句动作先发生,则用shouldhave+过去分词。
1.Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.
2.Itisstrangethatheshouldhaveactedtowardshisparentslikethat.
3.Itwasnecessarythathe(should)leaveimmediately.
4.Itisabsolutelyessentialthatallthefacts(should)beexaminedfirst.
5.Itisrecommendedthatthework(should)notbestarteduntilallthepreparationshavebeenmade.
注意:
当suggest表示“暗示,表明”之意,insist表示“坚持说,力言”之意,后面不用虚拟语气。
例如:
①Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.
他脸上的微笑表明他对我们的工作很满意。
②Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.
那个人坚持他没有偷钱。
常用必背:
1个坚持:
insist
1个决定:
decide
2个命令:
order/command
3个要求:
demand/require/desire
4个建议:
advise/propose/suggest/recommend
VIPTips:
虚拟语气在从句中的运用,主要在在上面这些表示建议命令要求等的词汇后面,用should+动词原形。
要熟记上面的词汇,同时要掌握这些词汇的名词形式及有的形容词的形式,在考试时题目有时会故意省略should,自己要根据这些提示词来判断后面的虚拟语气。
Exercises3
1.Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody____________therules.(obey)
2.Idon’tthinkitadvisablethatTom_____________tothejobsincehewasexperienced.(assign)
3.Mysuggestionisthattheexperiment_____________inanotherway.(do)
4.Itisofutmostimportancethatyou_____________hereontime.(be)
5.Itwasproposedthatthematter__________________atthenextmeeting.(discuss)
6.Thedoctorhasgiventheorderthatthepatient____________abatheveryday.(have)
7.Itisvitalthatyou________________ourcompetitortoknowourplan.(permit)
8.Emphasisislaidonthenecessitythatalltheobjectives_______________intoaccountbeforestartinganewproject.(take)
9.Hedidhishomeworkcarefullyforfearthathe_____________.
A.madeamistakeB.makesamistake
C.makeamistakeD.wouldmakeamistake
10.Itisdecidedthathe____________forabustomeettheguestsfromBeijing.
A.callB.callsC.arrangeD.arranged
2.wish引导的宾语从句表示一种不太可能实现的愿望,用虚拟语气。
谓语动词的构成如下:
表达意义
宾语从句动作—wish
从句谓语
动词时态
examples
与现在事实想法的愿望
从句动作与wish同时
过去时
IwishIwereabirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky.
与过去事实相反的愿望
从句动作先于wish
过去完成时
IwishIhadmetthatfilmstaryesterday.
将来难以实现的愿望
从句动作后于wish
Could/would/might+动词原形
IwishIcouldgotoBrazilandwatchtheWorldCup.
注意:
此语法规则同样适用于ifonly+句子=howIwish+that从句
3.wouldrather+宾语从句
如用虚拟语气,其构成为wouldrather+动词过去式/过去完成时(从句动作先发生),意为“我宁愿…”
1.Shewillgethomeatdinnertime,butIwouldratershegothomealittleearlier.
2.Hedidn’tattendthemeeting.Iwouldratherhehadbeenpresent.
Exercises4
1.Theyofferedthisexpensivewine,butfranklyI’dratherthey__________(offer)mesomebeer.
2.IwishI_____________abletotalkitoverwithhimwhenhewasherelastnight.(be)
3.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!
HowIwishI_______________youradvice.(take)
4.SometimesIwishI___________________inadifferenttimeandadifferentplace.(live)
5.Wouldn’tyouratheryourchild____________bedearly
6.(go)
7.
8.Hiswifewouldratherthatthey______________aboutthematteranymore.(nottalk)
9.Ifonlytheexplosion_________________,thosepeoplewouldnothavebeenkilled.(happen)
10.HowIwishit_______________(rain).Ifit________________inafewdays,thecropswouldbesaved.(rain)
11.Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butIwouldratherhe___________moreonitsculture.(focus)
3.Itis(high)time(that)…
意为(现在)该…,表示提议。
从句前无that,谓语动词用过去式。
如果有that,用动词过去式或用should+动词原形。
1.Itis(high)timeyouwenttoschool.
2.Itis(high)timethatyouwenttoschool.
3.Itis(high)timethatweshouldstartout.
4.asif引导的从句
asif引导的从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词表达的动作同时发生,从句谓语动词用过去式;先于主句谓语动词,用过去完成式;后于主句谓语动词,用过去将来时。
1.Helooksasifhewereanartist.
2.HespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifhehadstudiedEnglishinAmerica.
3.HelearnsEnglishsohardasifhewouldgototheUSA.
Exercises5
1.Shewassittingquietlyinthegardenasifnothing_____________tohim.(happen)
2.Hefoughtashardasifhiswife_________indanger.(are)
3.It’shightimeyou_____________himforhisbeinglate.(criticize)
4.Lookingaroundthesm