情态动词专题讲解1.docx
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情态动词专题讲解1
情态动词专题讲解
一．情态动词（ModelVerbs）的语法特征
情态动词主要有can,may,must,could,might,shall,should,will,would,oughtto,need,dare等。
1）情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
2）情态动词除ought和have外，后面只能接不带to的不定式,即动词原形。
3）情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
4）情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词等形式。
二.情态动词的基本用法
1）can、could和beableto
①can和beableto都表示能力（Ability），意思上没多大区别。
但can只有现在和过去时，而beableto则有更多的形式。
但当成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could而用was/wereableto来表示。
这时was/wereableto表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事,在许多情况下又可以交替使用。
如：
Canyouusechopsticks?
Ican’tdoitnow,butIcandoitlater.
IsthereanythingIcandoforyou.
Thewoundedmanstillwasabletogettothevillageandwassavedintheend.
AsIhavegotenoughmoney,Ican/amabletohelpher.
②can和could
can和could都可以表示能力、技能、许可、建议或请求和可能性。
但比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法，一般用could，回答时则用can。
但在肯定句中，could所表示的“能力”仅是泛指过去的一般能力。
如：
Couldyouhelpmecarrythebag?
Shecouldplaythepianowhenshewasonlysix.
CanIhelpyou?
在疑问句表示“可能”，须用can而不用may。
如：
Wherecanhebe?
Hemaybeintheoffice.
Cantheyhavemissedthebus?
Yes,theymayhave.
2）must和haveto
must和haveto都可以表示“必须”，但有几点区别：
①must强调“内在的职责”、“义务”，而haveto强调“外界压力”、“不得已而为之”。
②haveto可用于多种时态，而must一般用于现在时，其过去时与将来时分别由hadto与shall/willhaveto代替。
③在回答must引起的问题时，如果是否定的答复，不能用mustn’t，而要用needn’t或don’thaveto，因为mustn’t是“一定不要”、“一定不能”的意思。
如：
Youmustcometotheclassroombeforeeight.
Itisraininghardoutside,butIhavetoleavenow.
“Mustwedoitnow?
”“No,youneedn’t.”
3）shall
①shall作为情态动词用于第二、三人称，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令”、“警告、威胁、强制”和“允许”等意思。
如：
Weshalldoasourteachersays.
YoushallhavethebookassoonasIfinishit.
②在疑问句中，shall用于征求对方的意见或请求指示，常用于第一、第三人称。
如：
Whereshallhewaitforus?
/Shallwegooutforawalk?
4） need的用法
need既可用作情态动词，也可用作行为动词，作“必须”、“需要”讲。
作为情态动词，need也只用于否定句和疑问句。
如：
Heneedn’tworryaboutit.
NeedIcollectthebooksmyself?
作为行为动词，其后接的不定式要加to。
如:
Iwanttogotothedentist,butyouneednotgowithme..
我要去看牙科医生，但你不必跟我一起去。
（need作情态动词）
Heneedstobuyanewpairofshoes.
他需要买一双新鞋子。
（need作实义动词）
以need作情态动词提问，其答语如果是肯定的，须用must;如果答语是否定的，则用needn’t。
如：
Needweworklatetoday?
No,butwemusttomorrow.
NeedItellTomeatonce?
No,youneedn’ttellherjustyet.
三.情态动词表示推测或判断的用法
1）情态动词+动词原形:
表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。
如:
Atthismoment,ourteachermustbecorrectingourexampapers.
Youmustbehungryafteralongwalk.
Shemaynotbeathome.=Itispossiblethatsheisnotathome.
Shecan’tbeathome.=Itisimpossiblethatsheisathome.
Theyshouldbethererightnow.
2）情态动词+动词完成时,即“情态动词+have+done分词”:
表示对过去行为或动作进行推测、评论或判断。
musthavedone表示对过去某事的肯定猜测（只用于肯定句）“一定已做”
can’t/couldn’thavedone表示对过去的否定推测. “不可能已做”
（can/couldhavedone表推测通常只用于否定句和疑问句）
may/mighthavedone表示对过去的可能推测“可能已做”（ may比might表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。
）
如:
Sincetheroadiswet,itmusthaverainedlastnight.
Hecan’thavemissedtheway.Idrewhimamap.
“Thedictionaryhasdisappeared.Whocouldhavetakenit?
”
Ican’tfindmykeys.Imay/mighthaveleftthemattheschoolyesterday.
四、情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法
情态动词用于虚拟语气中表示责备的感情色彩，用法如下：
1）shouldhavedone表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做”，而shouldn’thavedone则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。
如：
Youshouldhavetoldmeaboutitearlier.
Youshouldn’thavesaidsuchwordstoyourparents.
2）oughttohavedone也表示“本应该……”而oughtnottohavedone则意为“本不应该……”。
如：
Yououghttohavetoldmeaboutitearlier.
Yououghtnottohavesaidsuchwordstoyourparents.
3）needn’thavedone表示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。
如：
Youneedn’thavewalkedsoquicklysincetimewasenough.
4）couldhavedone表示“本来有可能……而事实上未做到”。
如：
Icouldhavecomeontime,butmycarbrokeontheway.
情1．MayIstopmycarhere?
No,you_＿＿＿.
A.can'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.don'thaveto
2.Mustwecleanthehousenow?
No,you_______.
A.needn'tB.maynotC.mustn'tD.can't
3.Johnhisfatherabouthisfailureintheexam.
A.daresnottellB.daresnottellingC.darenottellD.daresnottotell
4.Youreturnthebooknow.Youcankeepitnextweekifyoulike.
A.can'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.maynot
5.Johnny,youplaywiththeknife,youhurtyourself.
A.won't...can'tB.mustn't...mayC.shouldn't,mustD.can't...shouldn't
6.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonegetout.
A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto
7.Wouldyougooutforawalkwithme?
No,I.____Mygirlfriendiscoming.
A.wouldn'tB.shallnotC.won'tD.shouldn't
8.Mandiewithoutwater.
A.willB.canC.needD.shall
9.Ifhestartedat90'clock,hebetherebynow.
A.needB.shallC.oughttoD.must
10.Imailedthelettertwoweeksago.She_____it.
A.mustreceiveB.can'treceiveC.mightreceiveD.musthavereceived
11.Theprofessorgaveordersthattheexperimentbefore5:
30p.m.
A.befinishedB.willfinishC.mustbefinishedD.wouldbefinished
12.Therewasplentyoftime.You_____.
A.mustn'thurryB.mustn'thavehurriedC.needn'thurryD.needn'thavehurried
13.Tomwasadiligentboy.Hegotoschoolthoughitwasraininghard.
A.wasabletoB.couldC.couldn'tD.wasn'tableto
14.______Igobackbeforelunch?
No,Idon'tthinkyou________.
A.Need...mustB.Do...needtoC.Must...havetoD.May....oughtto
15.Theteacherdoalltheexercises,butapupil_______.
A.needn't....mustB.maynot...mustC.needn't....needn'tD.can't....must
16.Wouldyouopenthewindowplease?
Yes,I______.
A.willB.wouldC.doD.can
17.Aliononlyattacksahumanbeingwhenitishungry.
A.shouldB.canC.willD.shall
18.____MustIfinishthisnovelthismorning?
____No,you_____.
A.mustn'tB.mightnotC.don'thavetoD.can't
19.Thetaxi____onlyholdsixpassengers.Itisfull.Youtakethenextone.
A.may...mayB.can...mayC.may...canD.must...can
20.Ialittleearlier,butImetafriendofmineontheway.
A.maycomeB.mayhavecomeC.couldhavecomeD.musthavecome
21.Iwishtogohomenow,I____?
A.mayB.can'tC.mustD.do
22.Hemusthavefinishedhishomework,___he?
A.mustn'tB.didn'tC.needn'tD.hasn't
23.Thispenlookslikemine,yetitisn't.Whose____itbe?
A.mustB.canC.mayD.might
24.Hedidn'tdowellintheexam.He_____hardathislessons.
A.musthaveworkedB.oughttohaveworked
C.wouldhaveworkedD.hasworked
25.Iwonderhowhe______thattotheteacher.
A.daretosayB.daresayingC.notdaresayD.daredsay
26.MrBaker,anumberofstudentswanttoseeyou._____theywaithereoroutside?
A.ShouldB.WillC.ShallD.Are
27.You______thetrees.Look,itisrainingnow.
A.mustn'thavewateredB.needn'thavewatered
C.couldhavewateredD.mighthavewatered
28.I_____giveyouananswertomorrow.Ipromise!
A.mustB.willC.mayD.shall
29.Asasoldier,you_____doastheheadtellsyou.
A.willB.shallC.mayD.ought
30.Thestreetsarealldry.It_____duringthenight.
A.can'thaverainedB.musthaverained
C.couldn'trainD.shouldn'thaverained
31."When_____heleavethehospital?
"Iaskedthedoctor.
A.willB.shallC.canD.may
32.Theyhavenotfinishtheworkuptonow.
____Well,they______
A.shouldhaveB.shouldC.oughttoD.oughthave
33.Sinceitisalreadymidnight,we______.
A.hadbetterleavingB.oughttohaveleave
C.shouldtakeourleaveD.mightaswellleave
34.you______behappy!
A.MayB.CanC.MustD.Would
35.Mustwecometomorrow?
_______
A.No,youcan'tB.No,youneedn't
C.No,youmustn'tD.No,youmaynot
36.You____missthelesson,thoughwe_____haveitonThursday.
A.mustn't...needn'tB.needn't....mustn't
C.mustn't...mustn'tD.needn't...needn't
37.Tosucceedinadifficulttask,_____.
A.oneneedstoworkhardB.toworkhardisneeded
C.youneedbeahardworkingpersonD.toworkhardiswhatoneneeds
38.IncaseI______,Iwouldtryagain.
A.willfailB.wouldmissC.shouldfailD.shallmiss
39.Somepeoplefeelthathandguns______.
A.shouldcontrolB.shouldbecontrolled
C.mustbecontrollingD.canbecontrol
40.______openthedoorforyou?
A.WouldyoulikethatIB.DoyouwantthatIC.WillID.ShallI
41.Myson____theexamination,buthewasn'tcarefulenough.
A.mightbeabletopassB.musthavepassed
C.couldhavepassedD.wereabletopass
42.Isn'tit_____strangethatthelazyboypasstheexam?
A.shouldB.hasC.mightD.would
43.We____theworksoearlywithoutyourhelp.
A.couldn'tfinishB.can'tfinish
C.couldn'thavefinishedD.can'thavefinished
44.Wethemanager,butnoone_____histelephonenumber.
A.couldhavecalled,knewB.couldhavecalled,hadknown
C.couldcall,hadknownD.couldcall,knew
45."Wouldyoucomeandjointhem?
"
"IwishI_____.ButIambusyatthismoment.
A.can'tB.couldn'tC.couldD.can
46.IfAlice_____thisafternoon,themeetingshouldbeputoff.
A.wouldnotcomeB.mightnotcome
C.shouldnotcomeD.couldnotcome
47.Ididn'tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.She____atthemeeting.
A.mustn'thavespokenB.shouldn'thavespoken
C.needn'thavespokenD.couldn'thavespoken
48.Withsomuchworkonhand,you____toseethegamelastnight.
A.mustn'tgoB.shouldn'tgoC.couldn'thavegoneD.shouldn'thavegone
49.Ithoughtyoulikesomethingtoread,soI___havebroughtyousomebooks.
A.mayB.mightC.couldD.must
50.Therewasplentyoftime.She______.
A.mustn'thavehurriedB.couldn'thavehurried
C.mustnothurryD.needn'thavehurried
51.It'sstillearly,you______.
A.mustn'thurryB.wouldn'thurry
C.maynothurryD.don'thavetohurry
52.Pleaseopenthewindow,________?
A.can'tyouB.aren'tyouC.doyouD.willyou
53.We_____forherbecauseshenevercame.
A.mustn'thave
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