高中英语45个介词的基本用法教学教材.docx
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高中英语45个介词的基本用法教学教材
——45个基本介词的用法
1、about
【原始含义】
a-b-out“A在B外面”
【引申含义】
[prep]
(1)在…到处,在…各处hereandthere
eg:
Wewanderedaboutthetownforanhourorso.
Helookedabouttheroom.
(2)在…附近nexttoaplace
eg.Shelivesabouttheoffice.
(3)关于inconnectionwith
eg:
abookaboutEnglishstudy
Idon’tknowwhatyouaretalkingabout.
[adv]
(1)大约closeto
eg:
Weleftthereabout10o’clock.
Itcostsabout500dollars.
(2)到处,各处
eg:
Thechildrenwererushingaboutinthegarden.
(3)在附近
eg:
Thereisnofoodabout.
【常见搭配】
作介词时的搭配:
一.动词+(about+名词)
(1)arrange(aboutsth)安排关于某事
(2)argue(aboutsth)讨论某事
(3)ask(aboutsth)询问关于某事
(4)boast(aboutsb/sth)吹嘘...
(5)care(aboutsb/sth)关心…,对…感兴趣
(6)chat(aboutsth)谈论某事
(7)complain(aboutsb/sth)抱怨…
(8)dream(aboutsb/sth)梦见某人/某物
(9)go(aboutsth)着手做...;从事...
(10)hear(aboutsth)听说...
(11)know(aboutsth)了解...
(12)learn(aboutsth)得知某事
(13)put(aboutsth)散布(谣言等)
(14)quarrel(aboutsth)为...争吵
(15)see(aboutsth)负责处理...
(16)talk(aboutsth)谈论...
(17)think(aboutsth)考虑..
(18)warnsb(aboutsth)告诫某人关于某事
(19)wonder(aboutsb/sth)对..好奇
(20)worry(aboutsb/sth)对...担心
二、名词+(about+名词)
(1)concern(aboutsb/sth)对…的关心/关怀
(2)curiosity(aboutsb/sth)对…的好奇
(3)doubt(aboutsb/sth)对…的怀疑
(4)ethusiasm(aboutsth)对…的热情
(5)information(aboutsb/sth)关于…的信息
(6)remark(aboutsth)对…的评论
(7)opinion(aboutsth)对…的意见
(8)view(aboutsb/sth)对...的观点
三、be+adj+(about+名词)
(1)beangry(aboutsth)为…而生气
(2)beanxious(aboutsth)为…忧虑
(3)becareful(aboutsth)当心…
(4)becautious(aboutsth)谨防...;对...持谨慎态度
(5)becertain(aboutsth)确信关于某事
(6)becurious(aboutsth)对…感到好奇
(7)bedisappointed(aboutsth)对…感到失望
(8)beexcited(aboutsth)对…感到兴奋
(9)beglad/happy(aboutsth)对…感到高兴
(10)behopeful(aboutsth)对…抱有希望
(11)becrazy/mad/wild(aboutsth)
对…痴狂;酷爱某事
(12)benervous(aboutsth)
为…感到不安/因...感到紧张
(13)beoptimistic/positive(aboutsth)
对...是积极乐观的
(14)beparticular(aboutsb/sth)对...讲究,挑剔
(15)besad(aboutsth)为…而难过
(16)beserious(aboutsth)对…认真
(17)besorry(aboutsth)对...抱歉
作副词时的搭配:
名词+动词+about
(1)sthcomeabout某事发生
(2)sthgetabout某事(尤指消息等)传开
(3)sbturnabout某人转身
(4)sbwanderabout某人徘徊,游荡
(5)sbwalkabout某人走来走去
2、above
【原始含义】
a-b-over“A在B上方”
【引申含义】prep.
(1)在…上方atortoahigherplacethansth/sb
eg:
Thesunroseabovethehorizon.
(2)数目大于…/重量超过…/价格(能力、地位)高于…
morethansth.;greaterinnumber,leveloragethansb./sth.
eg:
Thereisnothinginthestoreabove50cents.
(3)重要性或质量超过、胜过
ofgreaterimportanceorofhigherqualitythansb/sth
eg.Irateherabovemostotherplayersofherage.
(4)声音超过…louderorclearerthananothersound
eg:
Icouldn’thearherabovethenoiseofthetraffic.
(5)不至于,不屑于做某事
toogoodortoohonesttodosth
eg.Sheisabovesuspicion.
【常见搭配】
一、动词+(above+名词)
(1)live(aboveone’sincome)入不敷出地生活
(2)putA(aboveB)把A看得比B更重要
(3)rise(abovesth)克服...,不受....的影响
(4)talk(aboveone’shead)高深莫测地谈论
二、be+(above+名词)
(1)be(aboveoneself)
兴高采烈=beinone’shighspirit
(2)be(aboveone’shead)
难以理解/超出某人理解能力
3、across
【原始含义】
a-grass“一片草坪”,across指在平面上经过,就像人走过一片草坪那样。
【引申含义】prep.
(1)穿过fromonesidetotheotherside
eg:
Shewalkedacrosstheroad.
(2)在...对面ontheothersideofsth.
eg:
Thebarisjustacrossthestreet.
(3)交叉cross
eg:
Hesatwithhisarmsacrosshischest.
(4)在...各处,遍及...everywhere
eg.Theopinioniscommonacrosstheuniversity.
【常见搭配】
动词+(across+名词)
(1)Acome(acrossB)A偶遇B
(2)Acut(acrossB)A走B捷径;A打断B
(3)Ago(acrossB)A穿过B
(4)Aput(acrossB)A解释清楚B;A把B送到对岸
(5)Arun(acrossB)A横穿B;A偶然碰到B
4、after
【原始含义】
“A在B之后(强调顺序)”
【引申含义】
[prep]
(1)在…之后(时间顺序、空间顺序)
laterthansth;followingsthintime
eg:
Afterdinner,theywentoutforawalk.
(1)在…后面,仅次于(按重要性)nexttothefollowing
eg.Yournamecomesaftermineinthelist.
(2)与…对照、对比incontrasttosth
eg.Itwascoolaftertheheatoutside.
(3)照着…的样子followingtheexampleofsb/sth
eg:
Readthesentenceafterme,please.
[adv]
后来、以后laterintime,afterwords
eg:
Soonafter,shecamebacktoherhometown.
Theprinceandprincesslivedhappilyeverafter.
【常见搭配】
作介词时的搭配
一、名词+动词+(after+名词)
(1)Achase(afterB)A追赶/追求B
(2)Ago(afterB)A追逐B.
(3)Alook(afterB)A照顾B.
(4)Amodel(afterB)A以B为榜样、原型;A效仿B
(5)Aname (afterB)A用B作名字.
(6)Arun(afterB)A追求/追赶/追逐B.
(7)A search (afterB)A研究B.
(8)Asee (afterB)A照顾B
(9)Aseek (afterB)A寻找B.
(10)Atake(afterB)A与B相像.
二、(after+名词)
(1)(after a while)过了一会,不久
(2)(afterall)毕竟;终究
(3)(afterone’sownheart)正合...的心意;
5、against
【原始含义】
a-g-a“相对”
【引申含义】
[prep]
(1)碰着、靠着touching,closetoorhittingsb/sth
eg:
Shewasleaningagainstatree.
(2)反对opposingordisagreeingwithsb./sth
eg:
Weshouldfightagainstcrimes.
(3)预防inordertopreventsthfromhappening
eg:
Savemoneyagainstarainyday.未雨绸缪
(4)违反(违反法律、制度)
eg:
Itisagainstthelawtohunttigers.
(5)不利于nottotheadvantageorfavorofsb./sth
eg:
Whathesaidisagainsthim.
(6)映衬withsthinthebackgroundasacontrast
Eg.Theredflagstoodoutclearlyagainstthebluesky.
(7)和…相比incontrasttosth
eg.Youmustweighthebenefitsagainstthecost.
【常见搭配】
一、动词+(against+名词)
(1)act(againststh)违反...
(2)argue(againststh)为...而争辩/据理反对
(3)compete(againstsb)与某人比赛/竞争/对抗
(4)decide(againststh/doingsth)
考虑后不做某事/声明反对某事
(5)declare(againstsb/sth)表态反对...
(6)fight(againststh)反对…;与...做斗争
(7)go(againststh)违反…
(8)inform(againstsb)告发、检举某人
(9)lean(againststh)靠着某物/斜靠某物
(10)offend(againststh)违犯…
(11)press(againststh)压在…上
(12)protect (against sth) 保护免受…的伤害
(13)prepare (against sth)防备…
(14)strike(againststh)罢工抗议...
(15)struggle(againstsb/sth)与...搏斗/反抗
(16)turn (againststh)背叛…
(17)vote (againststh)投票反对…
(18)warnsb (againststh) 提醒某人提防某事
二、be+adj+(against+名词)
(1)beprejudiced(againstsb/sth)对...持有偏见
(2)beproof(againststh)可防止…的
(3)beset(againststh)坚决反对...
6、around
【原始含义】
a+round“A在一个圆里面(在一定范围内)”
【引申含义】
[prep]
(1)在…周围,围绕surroundingsb/sth
eg:
Therearemanybarsaroundthetown.
(2)在附近,到处inortomanyplaces
eg:
Ishowedhimaroundourcampus.
[adv]
(1)大约approximately
eg:
Therearearound1000peoplewatchingthegame.
(2)在周围
eg:
Howcanyoumakethewheelgoaround?
(3)在附近、到处
eg:
Iranaroundtofindhim.
【常见搭配】
作介词时
一、动词+(around+名词)
(1)center(aroundsth)以...为中心,集中于...
(2)look(aroundsth)环顾...;游览...;
(3)wrap(aroundsth)缠绕住...;环绕...;
二、around+名词
(1)(aroundthecorner)...靠近、临近、快来了;
(2)(aroundtheclock)日夜不停地;夜以继日地
作副词时
名词+动词+around
(1)sbgazearound
某人向四周看,环视
(2)sthgetaround
某事(尤指消息、谣言等)走动、流传
(3)sb/sthturnaround
某人或某物转身
7、at
【原始含义】
“在场所,时间上的一点”
【引申含义】prep.
(1)小地点,或小时间点
usedtosaywheresb/sthisorwhensthhappens
eg:
Usually,heis(athisoffice)(inthemorning).
Shewenttoschool(at8o’clock)(inthemorning).
(2)在几岁时theage(atwhichsbdoessth)
eg:
Shewasmarried(at23).
(3)向,朝某人或某物inthedirectiontowardssb/sth
eg:
Don’tpointatme.
knockatthedoor,shootatthetiger,aimattheenemy
(4)从相隔…远的地方thedistanceawayfromsth
eg:
Canyoureadthatposter(atfiftymiles)?
You’dbetterkeephim(atadistance).
(5)处于某种状态thesituationsb/sthisin
eg:
Mr.Smithis(atlunch).
Thecountryis(atwar).
Billwas(athisbest)incollege.
(atone’sbest:
某人的辉煌时期)
(6)在某方面intermsof…
eg:
Iamnotgood(atfootball).
(7)表示引发某种情绪或动作的原因
toshowthecauseofsth
eg:
Heshowednosignofpleasure(atseeingher).
Iwasdelighted(attheresult)+.
【常见搭配】
一、动词+(at+名词)
(1)aim(atsth)以…为目标;瞄准…;针对…;
(2)arrive(atsth)到达某地或某种程度
(3)blush(atsth)对...感到脸红;
(4)come(atsb/sth)攻击某人;发现某事
(5)fire(atsth)向...开火
(6)gaze(atsb/sth)凝视,注视...
(7)get(atsth)到达,接近...;着手...;暗指...;意知...;
(8)glance(atsb/sth)一瞥,扫视...
(9)glare(atsb/sth)对...怒目而视
(10)grab/grasp(atsb/sth)抓住...
(11)knock(atsth)敲…
(12)laugh(atsb)嘲笑某人
(13)look(atsb/sth)看…
(14)point(atsb/sth)指向/瞄准/针对…
(15)run(atsb/sth)向某人冲去;达到某种水平
(16)shoot(atsth)朝…射击
(17)shout(atsb)朝某人喊叫
(18)smile(atsb)向某人微笑
(19)target(atsb/sth)瞄准…,以…为目标
(20)wonder(atsth)对…好奇/对…感到吃惊
(21)yell(atsb)对某人大喊大叫
二、(at+名词)
(1)(attheage)(ofsomenumber)在几岁
(2)(atanaltitude)(ofsomenumber)在某个高度
(3)(atthecost/expense)(ofsth)以...为代价
(4)(attheend)(ofsth)在...的结尾
(5)(attherequest)(ofsb)应某人的请求
(6)(attherisk)(ofsth/doingsth)冒着....的风险
(7)(atthesight)(ofsb/sth)一看见....
(8)(ataspeed)(ofsomenumber)以...的速度
(9)(atthethought)(ofsb/sth)一想到...
(10)(atbirth)出生时
(11)(atbottom)其实,实际上
(12)(atone’scommand)听候...的差遣
(13)(atthecorner)在拐角处
(14)(atdawn/daybreak)在黎明,在拂晓
(15)(atadiscount)减价、折扣
(16)(atfirst)最初,开始时
(17)(athand)在手边,即将发生
(18)(athome)在家/国内
(19)(atlarge)自由,逍遥法外
(20)(atlength)详细地
(21)(atlast)最后,终于
(22)(atleast)至少,起码
(23)(atleisure)有空,闲暇时
(24)(atthemoment)现在,眼下...
(25)(atanyprice)不惜任何代价,无论如何
(26)(atonetime)过去,曾经,一度
(27)(atthesametime)同时
(28)(atwork) 在工作
三、be+adj+(at+名词)
(1)beangry(atsb/sth)对...生气
(2)becompetent(atsth)在...方面有能力
(3)bedelighted(atsth)对...感到非常高兴
(4)bedisappointed(atsb/sth)对...感到失望
(5)bedissatisfied(atsb/sth)对...不满意
(6)beexpert(atsth/doingsth)专长,擅长于,精通
(7)beskilled(atsth/doingsth)在...方面有技能,熟练
(8)begifted(atsth/doingsth)在...有天赋
(9)begood(atsth/doingsth)擅长...
(10)behopeless(atsth/doingsth)
对...感到绝望;对...一筹莫展
(11)bemad(a