力学英文名词对照.docx

力学英文名词对照.docx

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力学英文名词对照

力学?

?

mechanics

牛顿力学?

?

Newtonian?

mechanics

经典力学?

?

classical?

mechanics

静力学?

?

statics

运动学?

?

kinematics

动力学?

?

dynamics

子波?

?

wavelet

次级子波?

?

secondary?

wavelet

驻波?

?

standing?

wave

声[音]?

?

sound

声强?

?

intensity?

of?

sound

声强计?

?

phonometer

声调?

?

intonation

音色?

?

musical?

quality

音调?

?

pitch

声级?

?

sound?

level

声压[强]?

?

sound?

pressure

声源?

?

sound?

source

声阻抗?

?

acoustic?

impedance

声抗?

?

acoustic?

reactance

声阻?

?

acoustic?

resistance

声导纳?

?

acoustic?

admittance

声导?

?

acoustic?

conductance

声纳?

?

acoustic?

susceptance

声共振?

?

acoustic?

resonance

声波?

?

sound?

wave

超声波?

?

supersonic?

wave

声速?

?

sound?

velocity

次声波?

?

infrasonic?

wave

亚声速?

?

subsonic?

speed

　　又称“亚音速”。

超声速?

?

supersonic?

speed

　　又称“超音速”。

声呐?

?

sonar

共鸣?

?

resonance

回波?

?

echo

回声?

?

echo

拍?

?

beat

拍频?

?

beat?

frequency

群速?

?

group?

velocity

相速?

?

phase?

velocity

能流?

?

energy?

flux

能流密度?

?

energy?

flux?

density

材料力学?

?

mechanics?

of?

materials,?

strength?

of?

materials

应力?

?

stress

法向应力?

?

normal?

stress

剪[切]应力?

?

shear?

stress

单轴应力?

?

uniaxial?

stress

双轴应力?

?

biaxial?

stress

拉[伸]应力?

?

tensile?

stress

压[缩]应力?

?

compressive?

stress

周向应力?

?

circumferential?

stress

纵向应力?

?

longitudinal?

stress

轴向应力?

?

axial?

stress

弯[曲]应力?

?

bending?

stress,?

flexural?

stress

扭[转]应力?

?

torsional?

stress

局部应力?

?

localized?

stress

残余应力?

?

residual?

stress

热应力?

?

thermal?

stress

最大法向应力?

?

maximum?

normal?

stress

最小法向应力?

?

minimum?

normal?

stress

最大剪应力?

?

maximum?

shear?

stress

主应力?

?

principal?

stress

主剪应力?

?

principal?

shear?

stress

工作应力?

?

working?

stress

许用应力?

?

allowable?

stress

应力集中?

?

stress?

concentration

应力集中系数?

?

stress?

concentration?

factor

应力状态?

?

state?

of?

stress

应力分析?

?

stress?

analysis

结构[强度]分析?

?

structured?

analysis

应变?

?

strain

剪[切]应变?

?

shear?

strain

法向应变?

?

normal?

strain

拉[伸]应变?

?

tensile?

strain

压[缩]应变?

?

compressive?

strain

体积应变?

?

volumetric?

strain

残余应变?

?

residual?

strain

热应变?

?

thermal?

strain

最大法向应变?

?

maximum?

normal?

strain

主应变?

?

principal?

strain

主剪应变?

?

principal?

shear?

strain

名义应变?

?

nominal?

strain

应变状态?

?

state?

of?

strain

载荷?

?

load

　　又称“荷载”。

集中载荷?

?

concentrated?

load

分布载荷?

?

distributed?

load

死载[荷]?

?

dead?

load

活载[荷]?

?

live?

load

动载[荷]?

?

dynamic?

load

突加载荷?

?

suddenly?

applied?

load

移动载荷?

?

moving?

load

加载?

?

loading

单调加载?

?

monotonic?

loading

重复加载?

?

repeated?

loading

循环加载?

?

cyclic?

loading

偏心加载?

?

eccentric?

loading

赘余反力?

?

redundant?

reaction

承压应力?

?

bearing?

stress

轴承应力?

?

bearing?

stress

模量?

?

modulus

弹性模量?

?

modulus?

of?

elasticity

杨氏模量?

?

Young?

modulus

体积模量?

?

bulk?

modulus

泊松比?

?

Poisson?

ratio

胡克定律?

?

Hooke?

law

广义胡克定律?

?

generalized?

Hooke?

law

柔度?

?

compliance

拉伸试验?

?

tensile?

test

应力应变图?

?

stress-strain?

diagram

比例极限?

?

proportional?

limit

弹性极限?

?

elastic?

limit

屈服极限?

?

yield?

limit

强度极限?

?

ultimate?

strength

持久极限?

?

endurance?

limit

屈服强度?

?

yield?

strength

韧性?

?

toughness

韧度?

?

toughness

延性?

?

ductility

脆性?

?

brittleness

延伸率?

?

specific?

elongation

冲击韧性?

?

impact?

toughness

硬度?

?

hardness

布氏硬度?

?

Brinell?

hardness

维氏硬度?

?

Vickers?

hardness

洛氏硬度?

?

Rockwell?

hardness

显微硬度?

?

micro-penetration?

hardness

颈缩?

?

necking

破裂?

?

rupture

破坏?

?

fracture,?

failure

失效?

?

failure

蠕变?

?

creep

安全系数?

?

safety?

factor

安全裕度?

?

safety?

margin

平面应力?

?

plane?

stress

平面应变?

?

plane?

strain

莫尔圆?

?

Mohr?

circle

形心?

?

centroid?

of?

area

静矩?

?

static?

moment

主轴?

?

principal?

axis

中性轴?

?

neutral?

axis

中性面?

?

neutral?

surface

横截面?

?

cross-section

极惯性矩?

?

polar?

moment?

of?

inertia

截面模量?

?

section?

modulus

弹性截面模量?

?

elastic?

section?

modulus

塑性截面模量?

?

plastic?

section?

modulus

应变能?

?

strain?

energy

弹性应变能?

?

elastic?

strain?

energy

势能?

?

potential?

energy

余能?

?

complementary?

energy

体积改变能?

?

energy?

of?

volume?

change

畸变能?

?

energy?

of?

distortion

畸变能理论?

?

distortion?

energy?

theory

虚位移?

?

virtual?

displacement

虚力?

?

virtual?

force

虚功?

?

virtual?

work

虚功原理?

?

virtual?

work?

principle

卡氏第一定理?

?

Castigliano?

first?

theorem

卡氏第二定理?

?

Castigliano?

second?

theorem

强度理论?

?

theory?

of?

strength

最大法向应力理论?

?

maximum?

normal?

stress?

theory

最大法向应变理论?

?

maximum?

normal?

strain?

theory

最大剪应力理论?

?

maximum?

shear?

stress?

theory

八面体剪应力理论?

?

octohedral?

shear?

stress?

theory

八面体剪应变?

?

octohedral?

shear?

strain

八面体剪应力?

?

octohedral?

shear?

stress

杆?

?

bar

薄壁杆?

?

thin-walled?

bar

变截面杆?

?

bar?

of?

variable?

cross-section

梁?

?

beam

简支?

?

simply?

supported

简支梁?

?

simply?

supported?

beam

固支?

?

clamped,?

built-in

固支梁?

?

built-in?

beam,?

clamped-end?

beam

　　又称“嵌入梁”。

外伸梁?

?

overhanging?

beam

悬臂梁?

?

cantilever?

[beam]

曲梁?

?

curved?

beam

静定梁?

?

statically?

determinate?

beam

超静定梁?

?

statically?

indeterminate?

beam

连续梁?

?

continuous?

beam

薄壁梁?

?

thin-walled?

beam

变截面梁?

?

beam?

of?

variable?

cross-section

等强度梁?

?

beam?

of?

constant?

strength

夹层梁?

?

sandwich?

beam?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

工字梁?

?

I-shape?

beam

铁摩辛柯梁?

?

Timoshenko?

beam

梁腹?

?

web

梁柱?

?

beam-column

柱?

?

column

长细比?

?

slenderness?

ratio

有效柱长?

?

effective?

column?

length

索?

?

cord

[圆]筒?

?

cylinder

薄壁筒?

?

thin-walled?

cylinder

厚壁筒?

?

thick-walled?

cylinder

管?

?

tube

铰[链]?

?

hinge

塑性铰?

?

plastic?

hinge

膜力?

?

membrane?

force

环?

?

ring

桁架?

?

truss

刚架?

?

frame

　　又称“框架”。

[转]轴?

?

shaft

弹簧?

?

spring

弹簧常量?

?

spring?

constant

接头?

?

joint

静定结构?

?

statically?

determinate?

structure

超静定结构?

?

statically?

indeterminate?

structure

拉伸?

?

tension

压缩?

?

compression

轴[向]力?

?

axial?

force

轴力图?

?

axial?

force?

diagram

偏心拉伸?

?

eccentric?

tension

偏心压缩?

?

eccentric?

compression

弯曲?

?

bending

纯弯曲?

?

pure?

bending

斜弯曲?

?

oblique?

bending

平面弯曲?

?

plane?

bending

非对称弯曲?

?

unsymmetric?

bending

非弹性弯曲?

?

inelastic?

bending

平截面假定?

?

plane?

cross-section?

assumption

挠度?

?

deflection

弯矩?

?

bending?

moment

弯矩图?

?

bending?

moment?

diagram

剪力?

?

shear?

force

剪力图?

?

shear?

force?

diagram

应力迹线?

?

stress?

trajactory

挠曲?

?

flexure

抗弯刚度?

?

flexural?

rigidity

弹性曲线?

?

elastic?

curve

剪切?

?

shear

剪切中心?

?

shear?

center

扭转?

?

torsion

扭矩?

?

torsional?

moment

扭矩图?

?

torque?

diagram

抗扭刚度?

?

torsional?

rigidity

薄膜比拟?

?

membrane?

analogy

扭曲?

?

twist

翘曲?

?

warping

屈曲?

?

buckling

前屈曲?

?

pre-buckling

后屈曲?

?

post-buckling

欧拉临界载荷?

?

Euler?

critical?

load

撞击?

?

impact

撞击因子?

?

impact?

factor

撞击应力?

?

impact?

stress

力法?

?

force?

method

位移法?

?

displacement?

method

刚度法?

?

stiffness?

method

柔度法?

?

flexibility?

method

傀载[荷]法?

?

dummy-load?

method

　　又称“单位载荷法”。

逐次积分法?

?

successive?

integration?

method

叠加法?

?

superposition?

method

叠加原理?

?

superposition?

principle

圣维南原理?

?

Saint-Venant?

principle

分析力学?

?

analytic?

mechanics

拉格朗日乘子?

?

Lagrange?

multiplier

拉格朗日[量]?

?

Lagrangian

拉格朗日括号?

?

Lagrange?

bracket

循环坐标?

?

cyclic?

coordinate

循环积分?

?

cyclic?

integral

哈密顿[量]?

?

Hamiltonian

哈密顿函数?

?

Hamiltonian?

function

正则方程?

?

canonical?

equation

正则摄动?

?

canonical?

perturbation

正则变换?

?

canonical?

transformation

正则变量?

?

canonical?

variable

哈密顿原理?

?

Hamilton?

principle

作用量积分?

?

action?

integral

哈密顿-雅可比方程?

?

Hamilton-Jacobi?

equation

作用-角度变量?

?

action-angle?

variables

阿佩尔方程?

?

Appel?

equation

劳斯方程?

?

Routh?

equation

拉格朗日函数?

?

Lagrangian?

function

诺特定理?

?

Noether?

theorem

泊松括号?

?

Poisson?

bracket

边界积分法?

?

boundary?

integral?

method

并矢?

?

dyad

运动稳定性?

?

stability?

of?

motion

轨道稳定性?

?

orbital?

stability

李雅普诺夫函数?

?

Lyapunov?

function

渐近稳定性?

?

asymptotic?

stability

结构稳定性?

?

structural?

stability

久期不稳定性?

?

secular?

instability

弗洛凯定理?

?

Floquet?

theorem

倾覆力矩?

?

capsizing?

moment

自由振动?

?

free?

vibration

固有振动?

?

natural?

vibration

暂态?

?

transient?

state

　　曾用名“瞬态”。

环境振动?

?

ambient?

vibration

反共振?

?

anti-resonance

衰减?

?

attenuation

库仑阻尼?

?

Coulomb?

damping

同相分量?

?

in-phase?

component

非同相分量?

?

out-of-phase?

component

超调量?

?

overshoot

　　又称“过冲”。

参量[激励]振动?

?

parametric?

vibration

模糊振动?

?

fuzzy?

vibration

临界转速?

?

critical?

speed?

of?

rotation

阻尼器?

?

damper

半峰宽度?

?

half-peak?

width

集总参量系统?

?

lumped?

parameter?

system

相平面法?

?

phase?

plane?

method

相轨迹?

?

phase?

trajectory

等倾线法?

?

isocline?

method

跳跃现象?

?

jump?

phenomenon

负阻尼?

?

negative?

damping

达芬方程?

?

Duffing?

equation

希尔方程?

?

Hill?

equation

KBM方法?

?

KBM?

method,?

Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitropolskii?

method

马蒂厄方程?

?

Mathieu?

equation

平均法?

?

averaging?

method

组合音调?

?

combination?

tone

解谐?

?

detuning

耗散函数?

?

dissipative?

function

硬激励?

?

hard?

excitation

硬弹簧?

?

hard?

spring,?

hardening?

spring

谐波平衡法?

?

harmonic?

balance?

method

久期项?

?

secular?

term

自激振动?

?

self-excited?

vibration

　　简称“自振”。

分界线?

?

separatrix

亚谐波?

?

subharmonic

　　曾用名“次谐波”。

软弹簧?

?

soft?

spring,?

softening?

spring

软激励?

?

soft?

excitation

邓克利公式?

?

Dunkerley?

formula

瑞利定理?

?

Rayleigh?

theorem