力学英文名词对照.docx

1、力学英文名词对照力学?mechanics牛顿力学?Newtonian?mechanics经典力学?classical?mechanics静力学?statics运动学?kinematics动力学?dynamics子波?wavelet次级子波?secondary?wavelet驻波?standing?wave声音?sound声强?intensity?of?sound声强计?phonometer声调?intonation音色?musical?quality音调?pitch声级?sound?level声压强?sound?pressure声源?sound?source声阻抗?acoustic?imped

2、ance声抗?acoustic?reactance声阻?acoustic?resistance声导纳?acoustic?admittance声导?acoustic?conductance声纳?acoustic?susceptance声共振?acoustic?resonance声波?sound?wave超声波?supersonic?wave声速?sound?velocity次声波?infrasonic?wave亚声速?subsonic?speed又称“亚音速”。超声速?supersonic?speed又称“超音速”。声呐?sonar共鸣?resonance回波?echo回声?echo拍?beat

3、拍频?beat?frequency群速?group?velocity相速?phase?velocity能流?energy?flux能流密度?energy?flux?density材料力学?mechanics?of?materials,?strength?of?materials应力?stress法向应力?normal?stress剪切应力?shear?stress单轴应力?uniaxial?stress双轴应力?biaxial?stress拉伸应力?tensile?stress压缩应力?compressive?stress周向应力?circumferential?stress纵向应力?long

4、itudinal?stress轴向应力?axial?stress弯曲应力?bending?stress,?flexural?stress扭转应力?torsional?stress局部应力?localized?stress残余应力?residual?stress热应力?thermal?stress最大法向应力?maximum?normal?stress最小法向应力?minimum?normal?stress最大剪应力?maximum?shear?stress主应力?principal?stress主剪应力?principal?shear?stress工作应力?working?stress许用应力

5、?allowable?stress应力集中?stress?concentration应力集中系数?stress?concentration?factor应力状态?state?of?stress应力分析?stress?analysis结构强度分析?structured?analysis应变?strain剪切应变?shear?strain法向应变?normal?strain拉伸应变?tensile?strain压缩应变?compressive?strain体积应变?volumetric?strain残余应变?residual?strain热应变?thermal?strain最大法向应变?maxim

6、um?normal?strain主应变?principal?strain主剪应变?principal?shear?strain名义应变?nominal?strain应变状态?state?of?strain载荷?load又称“荷载”。集中载荷?concentrated?load分布载荷?distributed?load死载荷?dead?load活载荷?live?load动载荷?dynamic?load突加载荷?suddenly?applied?load移动载荷?moving?load加载?loading单调加载?monotonic?loading重复加载?repeated?loading循环加载

7、?cyclic?loading偏心加载?eccentric?loading赘余反力?redundant?reaction承压应力?bearing?stress轴承应力?bearing?stress模量?modulus弹性模量?modulus?of?elasticity杨氏模量?Young?modulus体积模量?bulk?modulus泊松比?Poisson?ratio胡克定律?Hooke?law广义胡克定律?generalized?Hooke?law柔度?compliance拉伸试验?tensile?test应力应变图?stress-strain?diagram比例极限?proportion

8、al?limit弹性极限?elastic?limit屈服极限?yield?limit强度极限?ultimate?strength持久极限?endurance?limit屈服强度?yield?strength韧性?toughness韧度?toughness延性?ductility脆性?brittleness延伸率?specific?elongation冲击韧性?impact?toughness硬度?hardness布氏硬度?Brinell?hardness维氏硬度?Vickers?hardness洛氏硬度?Rockwell?hardness显微硬度?micro-penetration?hardn

9、ess颈缩?necking破裂?rupture破坏?fracture,?failure失效?failure蠕变?creep安全系数?safety?factor安全裕度?safety?margin平面应力?plane?stress平面应变?plane?strain莫尔圆?Mohr?circle形心?centroid?of?area静矩?static?moment主轴?principal?axis中性轴?neutral?axis中性面?neutral?surface横截面?cross-section极惯性矩?polar?moment?of?inertia截面模量?section?modulus弹性

10、截面模量?elastic?section?modulus塑性截面模量?plastic?section?modulus应变能?strain?energy弹性应变能?elastic?strain?energy势能?potential?energy余能?complementary?energy体积改变能?energy?of?volume?change畸变能?energy?of?distortion畸变能理论?distortion?energy?theory虚位移?virtual?displacement虚力?virtual?force虚功?virtual?work虚功原理?virtual?work?

11、principle卡氏第一定理?Castigliano?first?theorem卡氏第二定理?Castigliano?second?theorem强度理论?theory?of?strength最大法向应力理论?maximum?normal?stress?theory最大法向应变理论?maximum?normal?strain?theory最大剪应力理论?maximum?shear?stress?theory八面体剪应力理论?octohedral?shear?stress?theory八面体剪应变?octohedral?shear?strain八面体剪应力?octohedral?shear?s

12、tress杆?bar薄壁杆?thin-walled?bar变截面杆?bar?of?variable?cross-section梁?beam简支?simply?supported简支梁?simply?supported?beam固支?clamped,?built-in固支梁?built-in?beam,?clamped-end?beam又称“嵌入梁”。外伸梁?overhanging?beam悬臂梁?cantilever?beam曲梁?curved?beam静定梁?statically?determinate?beam超静定梁?statically?indeterminate?beam连续梁?co

13、ntinuous?beam薄壁梁?thin-walled?beam变截面梁?beam?of?variable?cross-section等强度梁?beam?of?constant?strength夹层梁?sandwich?beam?工字梁?I-shape?beam铁摩辛柯梁?Timoshenko?beam梁腹?web梁柱?beam-column柱?column长细比?slenderness?ratio有效柱长?effective?column?length索?cord圆筒?cylinder薄壁筒?thin-walled?cylinder厚壁筒?thick-walled?cylinder管?tu

14、be铰链?hinge塑性铰?plastic?hinge膜力?membrane?force环?ring桁架?truss刚架?frame又称“框架”。转轴?shaft弹簧?spring弹簧常量?spring?constant接头?joint静定结构?statically?determinate?structure超静定结构?statically?indeterminate?structure拉伸?tension压缩?compression轴向力?axial?force轴力图?axial?force?diagram偏心拉伸?eccentric?tension偏心压缩?eccentric?compre

15、ssion弯曲?bending纯弯曲?pure?bending斜弯曲?oblique?bending平面弯曲?plane?bending非对称弯曲?unsymmetric?bending非弹性弯曲?inelastic?bending平截面假定?plane?cross-section?assumption挠度?deflection弯矩?bending?moment弯矩图?bending?moment?diagram剪力?shear?force剪力图?shear?force?diagram应力迹线?stress?trajactory挠曲?flexure抗弯刚度?flexural?rigidity弹

16、性曲线?elastic?curve剪切?shear剪切中心?shear?center扭转?torsion扭矩?torsional?moment扭矩图?torque?diagram抗扭刚度?torsional?rigidity薄膜比拟?membrane?analogy扭曲?twist翘曲?warping屈曲?buckling前屈曲?pre-buckling后屈曲?post-buckling欧拉临界载荷?Euler?critical?load撞击?impact撞击因子?impact?factor撞击应力?impact?stress力法?force?method位移法?displacement?me

17、thod刚度法?stiffness?method柔度法?flexibility?method傀载荷法?dummy-load?method又称“单位载荷法”。逐次积分法?successive?integration?method叠加法?superposition?method叠加原理?superposition?principle圣维南原理?Saint-Venant?principle分析力学?analytic?mechanics拉格朗日乘子?Lagrange?multiplier拉格朗日量?Lagrangian拉格朗日括号?Lagrange?bracket循环坐标?cyclic?coordin

18、ate循环积分?cyclic?integral哈密顿量?Hamiltonian哈密顿函数?Hamiltonian?function正则方程?canonical?equation正则摄动?canonical?perturbation正则变换?canonical?transformation正则变量?canonical?variable哈密顿原理?Hamilton?principle作用量积分?action?integral哈密顿-雅可比方程?Hamilton-Jacobi?equation作用-角度变量?action-angle?variables阿佩尔方程?Appel?equation劳斯方程

19、?Routh?equation拉格朗日函数?Lagrangian?function诺特定理?Noether?theorem泊松括号?Poisson?bracket边界积分法?boundary?integral?method并矢?dyad运动稳定性?stability?of?motion轨道稳定性?orbital?stability李雅普诺夫函数?Lyapunov?function渐近稳定性?asymptotic?stability结构稳定性?structural?stability久期不稳定性?secular?instability弗洛凯定理?Floquet?theorem倾覆力矩?capsi

20、zing?moment自由振动?free?vibration固有振动?natural?vibration暂态?transient?state曾用名“瞬态”。环境振动?ambient?vibration反共振?anti-resonance衰减?attenuation库仑阻尼?Coulomb?damping同相分量?in-phase?component非同相分量?out-of-phase?component超调量?overshoot又称“过冲”。参量激励振动?parametric?vibration模糊振动?fuzzy?vibration临界转速?critical?speed?of?rotatio

21、n阻尼器?damper半峰宽度?half-peak?width集总参量系统?lumped?parameter?system相平面法?phase?plane?method相轨迹?phase?trajectory等倾线法?isocline?method跳跃现象?jump?phenomenon负阻尼?negative?damping达芬方程?Duffing?equation希尔方程?Hill?equationKBM方法?KBM?method,?Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitropolskii?method马蒂厄方程?Mathieu?equation平均法?averaging?method

22、组合音调?combination?tone解谐?detuning耗散函数?dissipative?function硬激励?hard?excitation硬弹簧?hard?spring,?hardening?spring谐波平衡法?harmonic?balance?method久期项?secular?term自激振动?self-excited?vibration简称“自振”。分界线?separatrix亚谐波?subharmonic曾用名“次谐波”。软弹簧?soft?spring,?softening?spring软激励?soft?excitation邓克利公式?Dunkerley?formula瑞利定理?Rayleigh?theorem