英语高考英语阅读理解社会文化题20套带答案及解析.docx
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英语高考英语阅读理解社会文化题20套带答案及解析
【英语】高考英语阅读理解（社会文化）题20套（带答案）及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类
1．阅读理解
APG-13ratingisastricterwarningbytheRatingBoardtoparentstodeterminewhethertheirchildrenunderage13shouldviewthefilm.APG-13filmmaygobeyondthePGratingintheme,violence,nudity（裸露）,language,adultactivitiesorotherelements,butdoesnotreachtherestrictedRcategory.
ThethemeofthefilmbyitselfwillnotresultinaratinggreaterthanPG-13,althoughactivitiesshowninthefilmrelatedtoamaturethememayresultinarestrictedratingforthefilm.AnydrugusewillinitiallyrequireatleastaPG-13rating.MorethanbriefnuditywillrequireatleastaPG-13rating,butsuchnudityinPG-13ratedfilmgenerallywillnotbesexuallyoriented.TheremaybeviolencesceneinaPG-13movie,butgenerallynotbothrealisticandextremeorpersistentviolence.
Asingleuseofoneoftherudewordsinafilm,thoughonlyasanexpletive（感叹语）,initiallyrequiresatleastaPG-13rating.MorethanonesuchbadwordrequiresanRrating,asmustevenoneofthosewordsusedinasexualcontext.TheRatingBoardneverthelessmayratesuchafilmPG-13if,basedonaspecialvotebyatwo-thirdsmajority,theRatersfeelthatmostAmericanparentswouldbelievethataPG-13ratingisappropriatebecauseofthecontextormannerinwhichthewordsareusedorbecausetheuseofthosewordsinthefilmiseasilyneglected.
（1）Whatisthemaingoalofthispassage?
A.Todiscussvariousmovieratings.
B.Toexplainvariousmovieratings.
C.ToexplainthedifferencebetweenPG-13andRmovieratings.
D.ToexplainthePG-13movierating.
（2）AccordingtoPG-13rating,thethemeofthemovie__________.
A.haslittleimpactonitsrating
B.hasalargeimpactonitsrating
C.shouldbeentertaining
D.shouldbesuitableforchildren
（3）FromParagraph2,wecanlearnthatdrugusage__________.
A.shouldnotbeallowedinmovies
B.isdangerous
C.makesaPG-13ratingnecessary
D.isnotappropriateforchildrenunder13
（4）Whatdoesamoviewithtwoormoreusesofbadwordsrequire?
A.APGrating.
B.APG-13rating.
C.AnRrating.
D.AnNC-17rating.
【答案】
（1）D
（2）A
（3）C
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。
PG-13级是电影分级委员会对家长发出的更严格的警告，目的是决定13岁以下的孩子是否应该看这部电影。
文章介绍了PG-13电影分级。
（1）考查推理判断。
纵观全文可知，本文从主题、暴力、裸体、语言、成人活动方面解释了PG-13的电影分级。
全文目的在于解释PG-13。
故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“ThethemeofthefilmbyitselfwillnotresultinaratinggreaterthanPG-13,althoughactivitiesshowninthefilmrelatedtoamaturethememayresultinarestrictedratingforthefilm.”，电影的主题本身不会导致评级大于PG-13，尽管在电影中出现的与成熟主题相关的活动可能会导致对电影的限制评级。
此可知，电影的主题对PG-13评级影响不大。
故选A。
（3）考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“AnydrugusewillinitiallyrequireatleastaPG-13rating.”任何药物使用最初都需要至少达到PG-13级别。
可知，药物使用使PG-13评级是必要的。
故选C。
（4）考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“MorethanonesuchbadwordrequiresanRrating,asmustevenoneofthosewordsusedinasexualcontext.”，一部有两个或两个以上脏话用法的电影需要满足R级。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
Beingattractiveisn'tusuallyconsideredmuchofadisadvantageintoday'sworld.Actually,thereistheendlesspotentialbenefitaboutit,butresearchershavefoundoneareathatbeingprettymakeslifeachallengesecuringyourselfaboring,low payingjob.
Thisstandsincontrasttoalargebodyofresearchthatattractiveness,ingeneral,helpscandidatesintheselectionprocess.Forthemostpartgoodlooksisablessing.Wetreatprettypeoplemorefavorablyingeneral,oftenvoteforthemmoreinelections,andpaythemmoreintheirprofessions.Theresearchsuggeststhatattractivepeoplemaybediscriminatedagainstinselectionforrelativelylessdesirablejobs.
Researcherscarriedoutfourexperimentsinvolvingmorethan750participants,includinguniversitystudentsandmanagerswhomakehiringdecisionsintherealworld.Participantswereshownphotosoftwopotentialjobcandidates,oneattractiveandtheotherunattractive.Participantswerethenaskedaseriesofquestionsdesignedtomeasuretheiropinionsofthejobcandidatesandwhethertheywouldhirethesecandidatesforaless than desirablejob.
Thelessdesirablejobsincludedawarehouseworker,housekeeper,customerservicerepresentativeandthemoredesirablejobsincludedthingslikeamanager,projectdirector,ITelite（精英）.Inallexperimentswheretheywereasked,participantsweresignificantlylesslikelytohiretheattractivecandidateforthelessdesirablejobandmorelikelytohiretheattractivecandidateforthemoredesirablejob.
MsLeesaid,"Intheselectiondecisionforanundesirablejob,decisionmakersweremorelikelytochoosetheunattractiveindividualovertheattractiveindividual.Co authorDrMadanPillutlasaid,"Itisinterestingthatdecisionmakersconsiderothers'opinionsintheirdecisions.Theythoughtthatattractiveindividualswouldwantbetteroutcomes,andthereforewouldbelesssatisfied,sotheyfavoredunattractivecandidateswhenselectingforalessdesirablejob."
Theresearchalsosuggeststheestablishedviewthatattractivecandidatesarefavoredwhenapplyingforjobsmightbelimitedtohigh leveljobs.
（1）Whatdopeoplegenerallythinkofbeingattractive?
A. Itisadisadvantage.
B. Itisablessing.
C. itisnotimportant.
D. Ithasnothingtodowithjobs.
（2）WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?
A. Theparticipantsoftheexperiment.
B. Theimportanceoftheexperiment.
C. Theprocessoftheexperiment.
D. Theresultoftheexperiment.
（3）Anordinary lookinggraduatemayhaveanadvantagewhenapplyingfor_______.
A. amanager B. aprojectdirector C. awarehouseworker D. anITelite
（4）Whyarelessattractiveapplicantspreferredforlessdesirablejobs?
A. Becausetheyaremorehardworking.
B. Becausetheywillbemoresatisfied.
C. Becausetheyhavenorequirementsatall.
D. Becausetheywillwantbetteroutcomes.
（5）Whichofthefollowingagreeswiththeresearch?
A. Attractivepeoplearemorefitforhigh leveljobs.
B. Lessattractivepeopleareeasytofindhigh leveljobs.
C. Attractivepeoplecanalwaysbehiredwhenapplyingforjobs.
D. Lessattractivepeoplecaneasilygethighlypaidiftheyworkhard.
【答案】
（1）B
（2）C
（3）C
（4）B
（5）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了吸引力和求职之间的关系。
（1）考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的"Forthemostpartgoodlooksisablessing."可知,在很大程度上,美貌是一种福气,由此可知,人们普遍认为有吸引力是一种福气,故选B。
（2）考查段落大意。
根据第三段内容,特别是"Participantswereshownphotosoftwopotentialjobcandidates,oneattractiveandtheotherunattractive."可知,本段主要介绍了研究人员对吸引力和求职之间的关系的实验过程,故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的"Thelessdesirablejobsincludedawarehouseworker,housekeeper,customerservicerepresentative"及"participantsweresignificantlylesslikelytohiretheattractivecandidateforthelessdesirablejob"可知,参与者不太可能雇有吸引力的人做不那么理想的工作,而仓库管理员是不理想的工作之一,由此可知,长相一般的人在申请仓库管理员职位上有优势,故选C。
（4）考查细节理解。
根据倒数第二段中的"Theythoughtthatattractiveindividualswouldwantbetteroutcomes,andthereforewouldbelesssatisfied,sotheyfavoredunattractivecandidateswhenselectingforalessdesirablejob."可知,有吸引力的人希望更好的结果,因此不太容易满足,所以参与者在选择不那么理想的工作时更喜欢长相一般的候选人,由此可知,长相一般的人更喜欢不那么理想的工作是因为他们更容易满足,故选B。
（5）考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的"Theresearchalsosuggeststheestablishedviewthatattractivecandidatesarefavoredwhenapplyingforjobsmightbelimitedtohigh leveljobs."可知,有吸引力的求职者更受青睐的观点可能仅限于高层职位,由此可知,有吸引力的人更适合高层工作与研究结果相符合,故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
Someinternationallanguagesarewidelyusedformanypurposes.Someminoritylanguageswilldieoutandsomenationstendtokeepminoritylanguages.Ireckonthatmostcommonusedinternationallanguageseaseourlifequalityandcommunicationwithdifferentnationalities.Ontheotherhand,weneedtohelpimproveminoritylanguages.
Therearemanylanguagesintheentireworldbuttwoorthreeminoritylanguagesdieouteachyear.Somecountriestrytosavedyinglanguages.Forinstance,AustralianGovernmentcreatedaprojecttosavethelanguageandcultureofMaoriwhoareAustralianaborigines.AndthereareotherprojectstokeepminoritylanguagessuchasAmericanIndianlanguage.
However,theworldwidejobmarketusuallyrequirescandidateswhocanspeakEnglishorotherinternationallanguages.Peoplewhocannotspeaklinguafranca（共通语）couldhardlybepromotedatwork.Forexample,somecompaniesneedanemployeewhocandealwithforeigncompanies.Somostpeopletendtolearnatleastoneinternationallanguagethathelpsthemtofindabetterjob.
Therefore,worldneedsonecommonlinguafrancathatshouldbespokeninanycountry.Consequently,onecommonlanguageshouldbearequiredsubjectineveryschool.Soanyonespeakingonecommonlanguagecantravelwithoutworriestoanypointoftheworldandtradetheirproducts.Peoplewillnotbeforcedtolearnmanylanguages.
Inconclusion,weshouldhelpminoritynationstokeeptheirlanguagesfortheculturaldiversity.Toeasetheworldwidecommunicationamongnations,weshouldcreateacommonlanguageandprovidecoursesofit.Asaresult,noonewillfacealanguageissue.
（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reckon”inParagraph1mean?
A. Deny.
B. Fear.
C. Ignore.
D. Think.
（2）WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?
A. Notallminoritylanguagesareuseful.
B. Someminoritylanguageshavediedout.
C. MaoriisattractivetoAustraliantourists.
D. AmericanIndianlanguageiswellpreserved.
（3）Whydomostpeoplestudymoreinternationallanguages?
A. Itbenefitstheirjourney. B. Theycanearnmoremoney.
C. Itdoesgoodtofindagoodjob.
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