非谓语动词.docx

非谓语动词.docx

《非谓语动词.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《非谓语动词.docx（13页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

非谓语动词

非谓语动词

（一）动词不定式

Quiz：

1.Robertissaid______abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.

A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying

2．Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughter______afterdrinking.

A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive

3.InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_______foranotherhour.

A.waitingB.towaitingC.waitD.tobewaiting

4.When______,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.

A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted

一、非谓语动词的概念简言之：

非谓语动词是不作谓语的动词

非谓语动词：

在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式

三种形式：

不定式、动名词、分词

二、不定式的作用

（一）作主语作主语时，谓语用单数

Tomasteraforeignlanguageisveryimportant.Tofinishthejobtookustwohours.

Itisveryimportanttomasteraforeignlanguage.用it作形式主语，不定式置于谓语后

Ittookustwohourstofinishthejob.Togetthereontimeisimpossibleforus.

Itisimpossibleforustogetthereontime.Tohelpusisverykindofyou.

Itisverykindofyoutohelpus.

注意：

1.其他系动词look,appear等可用于Itis…to…句型；

2.不定式作主语的句子中含有一个不定式作表语，不能用Itis…to…句型

Itistobelievetosee.Toseeistobelieve.

3.Itis+adj.of/forsb.todosth.结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词构成系表结构时，用of，否则用for

Itisimpoliteofyoutospiltinpublic.Itiskindofyoutothrowtherubbishinthebin.

Itisnecessaryforyoutoprepareforthecomingexamination.

Itisurgentforustotakeeffectivemeasurestoprotecttheenvironment.

（二）作宾语

Ifindithardtogetalongwithhim.Hemanagedtoescapefromthefire.

动词+疑问词+todo，特殊疑问句+不定式≈名词，作宾语

Ican’tmakeupmymindwhichtobuy.Idon’tknowwhattodonext/howtodoitnext.

注意

不定式短语作宾语时，若带宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语置于宾语补足语后，用it作形式宾语

Ifinditnecessarytolearnaforeignlanguage.

（三）作宾语补足语

动词+宾语+todo

IwantyoutospeaktoTom.Hewarnedmetobecareful.

Whatmakesyouthinkso?

加不带to的动词不定式的动词：

make,see,hear,watch,let,have,observe,notice

动词+宾语+tobe的不定式结构

Thebookisbelievedtobeuninteresting.WeconsiderTomtobeoneofthebeststudentsinourclass.

CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered______thefirstcomputer.

A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented

there+todo

Wedidn’texpecttheretobesomanypeoplethere.

WeregardTomasourbestteacher.Marytookhimasherfather.

需用as短语作补语的动词：

regard,think,believe,take,consider…

动词feel,hear,listento,have,let,make,notice,see,watch,observe,lookat等加不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但变为被动语态必须带to

Theysawtheboyfalloffthetree.Theboywasseentofalloffthetree.

（四）作定语

修饰名词或代词，构成逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系，常置于被修饰词后

Heislookingforaroomtolivein.（动状关系）Ihavealotofworktodo.（动宾关系）

修饰名词或代词，构成逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系，常置于被修饰词后

Hehasgotachancetogoabroad.（同位关系）Heisthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.（主谓关系）

注意

不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语时，不定式用主动形式表被动

Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?

（五）作状语不定式作状语：

表示目的、结果、原因等

不定式短语：

inorderto,soasto,so…asto,such…asto,…enoughto,too…to…

1.作目的状语：

to,onlyto,inorderto,soasto,so（such）…asto…

Hecametotheschooltoseehisson.Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.

2.作结果状语：

表事先没有预料到的，置于句尾

Hesearchedtheroomonlytofindnothing.Hehurriedtothepostofficeonlytofinditwasclosed.

表示结果

3.作原因状语

I’mgladtoseeyou.Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.

注意

不定式作状语，逻辑主语是主句的主语

Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortableto______.

A.sitB.sitonC.beseatD.besaton

（六）作表语：

不定式置于be动词后

Myquestioniswhentoleave.Thequestionishowtoputitintopractice.

Hisdreamistobeadoctor.

（七）独立结构

Tomakemattersworse,itbegantorain.Totellyouthetruth,Idon’tagreewithyou.

I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_______inmynewjob.

A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects

三、不定式的时态和语态

（一）时态

不定式；现在时；完成时；进行时；完成进行时；

现在时：

与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生/发生在谓语动词的动作之后表示动作发生在谓语动词之后宾语从句

Ihopetoseeyouagain.=IhopethatI’llseeyouagain.Heseemstoknowthis.

完成时：

动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前

Heseemstohavecaughtacold.I’msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.

进行时：

表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生

Heseemstobeeatingsomething.

完成进行时：

表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并有可能持续下去

Sheisknowntohavebeenworkingontheproblemformanyyears.

（二）语态：

当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，用被动式

HeaskedtobesenttoworkinTibet.

不定式主动表被动的情况

Heistoblame.Givemeabooktoread.

Theproblemiseasytoworkout.

Robertissaid______abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.

A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying

四、省略to的不定式

1.情态动词（除ought外）+do

2.wouldrather/hadbetter+do

3.在感官动词see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel等后作宾补，省略to

4.使役动词let,have,make+do

5.and,or,than连接两个不定式，第二个to省去

HewantstomovetoFranceandmarrythegirl.

注意在被动语态中to不能省略

Isawhimdance.（主动语态）Hewasseentodance.（被动语态）

Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.（主动语态）Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.（被动语态）

helpsb.（to）dosth.

Why…/Whynot…+do

but和except前是动词do时，+do

discover,imagine,suppose,think,understand等词后省去tobe

Heissupposed（tobe）nice.他应该是个好人。

Hewantstodonothingbutgoout.

Hewantstobelieveanythingbuttotakethemedicine.

1.---Iusuallygotherebytrain.

---Whynot______byboatforachange?

A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing

2.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade______.Healwaysworkshard.

A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning

五、不定式的否定式：

否定形式：

nottodosth.

ShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.Tellhimnottoshutthewindow.

1.Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughter______afterdrinking.

A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive

2.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.

A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotdo

3.Thepatientwaswarned______oilyfoodaftertheoperation.

A.toeatnoB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating

六、动名词的作用

动名词具有动词和名词的特征;在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语;基本形式：

doing

（一）作主语谓语动词用单数

Collectingstampsismyhobby.Waitinghereisnotgood.

It代替动名词作主语，如It’snogood/usedoing…

It’snogoodwaitinghere.

（二）作宾语

Heoftenpracticesplayingthepianointheevening.Ienjoylisteningtomusic.

Wouldyoumindturningdownyourradioalittle,please?

Heisfondofplayingbasketball.

六、动名词的作用

1.注意

只能接动名词作宾语的动词：

Admit；advise；risk；appreciate；envy；avoid；consider；delay；deny；dislike；enjoy；escape；excuse；finish；forgive；understand

2.注意只能接动名词作宾语的动词：

giveup；imagine；keep；mind；miss；practise；putoff；resist；suggest；can’thelp；can’tstand;devoteto；lookforwardto；stickto；beusedto；objectto；bebusy；feelike；

3.只能接不定式作宾语的动词：

Happen；offer；promise；agree；refuse；decide；determine；pretend；fail；learn；wish;hope；expect；afford

4.接动名词/不定式作宾语，意义相同的动词：

Like；love；dislike；hate；begin；star；continue；prefer；can’tbear/endure；cease；

5.接动名词/不定式作宾语，意义不同的动词：

stopdoing；forgetdoing；rememberdoing；regretdoing；trydoing；goondoing；meandoing;stoptodo；forgettodo；remembertodo；regrettodo；trytodo；goontodo；meantodo

InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_______foranotherhour.

A.waitingB.towaitingC.waitD.tobewaiting

need,require,want作“需要”讲，其后用动名词的主动式表被动意义，beworth类似

Theflowersneedwatering.Theproblemisworthdiscussing.

（三）作表语动名词可与主语调换位置

Herjobiswashing,cleaningandtakingcareofthechild.=Washing,cleaningandtakingcareofthechildisherjob.

Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.=Collectingstampsismyhobby.

（四）作定语

一般表示用途

awaitingroomareadingroomadivingboardadininghall

七、动名词的时态和语态

（一）时态

发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，常用完成式，否则都用一般式

Hewaspraisedforhavingfinishedtheworkaheadoftime.

Weareinterestedinplayingchess.I’msorryfornothavingkeptmypromise.

（二）语态若主语是动名词所表示的动作对象，动名词用被动语态

Irememberhavingbeentoldastory.Wemustdosomethingtopreventwaterfrombeingpolluted.

若主语是动名词所表示的动作对象，动名词用被动语态

Hewasafraidofbeingscoldedbytheteacher.

八、分词的作用

分词分类：

现在分词和过去分词

充当成分：

作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语

现在分词和过去分词的区别：

语态：

现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动

时间：

现在分词表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词同时发生

过去分词表示动作已经完成或无一定时间性

（一）作定语

（一）作定语

1.单个分词作定语，分词前置

Theexcitedpeoplerushedintothebuilding.=Thepeoplewhoareexcitedrushedintothebuilding.

Thesleepingboyismyson.=Theboywhoissleepingismyson.

Alostopportunityneverreturns.=Aopportunitywhichislostneverreturns.

2.分词短语作定语，分词后置；修饰不定代词something等要后置；个别分词give,left等作定语后置

Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisourlibrary.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeismyniece.

Thereisnothinginteresting.Thisisthequestiongiven.

Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothepartywerefamousscientists.=Mostofthepeoplewhowereinvitedtothepartywerefamousscientists.（定语从句）

1.Thefirsttextbook______forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecame

outinthe16thcentury.

A.havewrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written

2.What’sthelanguage______inGermany?

A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak

3.Pricesofdailygoods______throughacomputercanbelowerthanstore

prices.

A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying

4.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor______“Sorryto

missyou;willcalllater.”

A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading

（二）作状语

现在分词和过去分词在句中可作时间/原因/方式/伴随/条件/结果等状语

Notreceivinganyletterfromhim,Igavehimacall.

Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.=Ifmoreattentionwasgiven,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.

Walkingalongthestreet,Iranacrossmyoldfriend.=WhenIwaswalkingalongthestreet,Iranacrossmyoldfriend.

Bittenbyasnake,hewastakentohospital.=Becausehewasbittenbyasnake,hewastakentohospital.

Thoughdefeated,hedidn’tloseheart.=Thoughhewasdefeated,hedidn’tloseheart.

Helay