非谓语动词.docx

1、非谓语动词非谓语动词（一）动词不定式Quiz：1. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying2Mrs. Smith warned her daughter _ after drinking.A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive3. In some parts

2、of London, missing a bus means _for another hour.A. waiting B. to waiting C. wait D. to be waiting4. When _, the museum will be open to the public next year.A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed一、非谓语动词的概念 简言之：非谓语动词是不作谓语的动词非谓语动词：在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式三种形式：不定式、动名词、分词二、不定式的作用（一

3、）作主语 作主语时，谓语用单数To master a foreign language is very important. To finish the job took us two hours.It is very important to master a foreign language. 用it 作形式主语，不定式置于谓语后It took us two hours to finish the job. To get there on time is impossible for us.It is impossible for us to get there on time. To h

4、elp us is very kind of you.It is very kind of you to help us.注意：1.其他系动词look, appear等可用于It is to句型；2.不定式作主语的句子中含有一个不定式作表语，不能用It is to句型It is to believe to see. To see is to believe.3. It is + adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词构成系表结构时，用of，否则用forIt is impolite of you to spilt in public.

5、It is kind of you to throw the rubbish in the bin. It is necessary for you to prepare for the coming examination.It is urgent for us to take effective measures to protect the environment.（二）作宾语I find it hard to get along with him. He managed to escape from the fire.动词+ 疑问词+ to do，特殊疑问句+ 不定式名词，作宾语I c

6、ant make up my mind which to buy. I dont know what to do next/ how to do it next.注意不定式短语作宾语时，若带宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语置于宾语补足语后，用it作形式宾语I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.（三）作宾语补足语动词+ 宾语+ to doI want you to speak to Tom. He warned me to be careful.What makes you think so? 加不带to的动词不定式的动词：make, see

7、, hear, watch, let, have, observe, notice动词+ 宾语+ to be 的不定式结构The book is believed to be uninteresting. We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having inventedthere + to d

8、oWe didnt expect there to be so many people there. We regard Tom as our best teacher. Mary took him as her father. 需用as短语作补语的动词：regard, think, believe, take, consider 动词feel, hear, listen to, have, let, make, notice,see, watch, observe, look at等加不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但变为被动语态必须带toThey saw the boy fall off t

9、he tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree. （四）作定语修饰名词或代词，构成逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系，常置于被修饰词后He is looking for a room to live in. (动状关系) I have a lot of work to do. (动宾关系) 修饰名词或代词，构成逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系，常置于被修饰词后 He has got a chance to go abroad. (同位关系) He is the first person to think of the id

10、ea. (主谓关系)注意 不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语时，不定式用主动形式表被动Do you have anything else to say?（五）作状语 不定式作状语：表示目的、结果、原因等不定式短语：in order to , so as to, soas to,suchas to, enough to, tooto 1. 作目的状语：to, only to, in order to, so as to, so (such)as toHe came to the school to see his son. He ran so fast as to catch the first

11、 bus.2. 作结果状语：表事先没有预料到的，置于句尾He searched the room only to find nothing. He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed.表示结果3. 作原因状语Im glad to see you. We were very excited to hear the news.注意不定式作状语，逻辑主语是主句的主语The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A. sit B. sit

12、on C. be seat D. be sat on（六）作表语：不定式置于be动词后My question is when to leave. The question is how to put it into practice.His dream is to be a doctor.（七）独立结构To make matters worse, it began to rain. To tell you the truth, I dont agree with you.Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new jo

13、b.A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects三、不定式的时态和语态（一）时态不定式；现在时；完成时；进行时；完成进行时；现在时：与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生/ 发生在谓语动词的动作之后表示动作发生在谓语动词之后宾语从句I hope to see you again. = I hope that Ill see you again. He seems to know this.完成时：动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前He seems to have caught a cold. Im sorry to have given yo

14、u so much trouble.进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生He seems to be eating something.完成进行时：表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并有可能持续下去She is known to have been working on the problem for many years.（二）语态：当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，用被动式He asked to be sent to work in Tibet.不定式主动表被动的情况He is to blame. Give me a book to read.The pro

15、blem is easy to work out.Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying 四、省略to的不定式1. 情态动词(除ought 外) + do2. would rather / had better + do3. 在感官动词see, watch, look at, notice, observe,hear, listen to, smell,

16、 feel 等后作宾补，省略to4. 使役动词let, have, make + do5. and, or, than 连接两个不定式，第二个to省去He wants to move to France and marry the girl.注意在被动语态中to 不能省略I saw him dance. (主动语态) He was seen to dance. (被动语态)The boss made them work the whole night. (主动语态) They were made to work the whole night. (被动语态)help sb. (to) do s

17、th.Why / Why not + dobut 和except 前是动词do 时，+ dodiscover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后省去to beHe is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。He wants to do nothing but go out.He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.1. - I usually go there by train. - Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to

18、try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going2. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning五、不定式的否定式：否定形式：not to do sth.She pretended not to see me when I passed by. Tell him not to shut the window.1. Mrs. Smith warned her daughter _ aft

19、er drinking.A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not do3. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A. to eat no B. eating not C. not t

20、o eat D. not eating六、动名词的作用动名词具有动词和名词的特征; 在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语;基本形式： doing（一）作主语 谓语动词用单数Collecting stamps is my hobby. Waiting here is not good.It代替动名词作主语，如Its no good/use doingIts no good waiting here.（二）作宾语He often practices playing the piano in the evening. I enjoy listening to music.Would you mind tu

21、rning down your radio a little, please? He is fond of playing basketball.六、动名词的作用1. 注意只能接动名词作宾语的动词：Admit；advise；risk；appreciate；envy；avoid；consider；delay；deny；dislike；enjoy；escape；excuse；finish；forgive；understand2. 注意只能接动名词作宾语的动词：give up；imagine；keep；mind；miss；practise；put off；resist；suggest；cant he

22、lp；cant stand; devote to；look forward to；stick to；be used to；object to；be busy；fee like； 3. 只能接不定式作宾语的动词：Happen；offer；promise；agree；refuse；decide；determine；pretend；fail；learn；wish;hope；expect；afford4. 接动名词/不定式作宾语，意义相同的动词：Like；love；dislike；hate；begin；star；continue；prefer；cant bear/endure；cease；5. 接动名

23、词/不定式作宾语，意义不同的动词：stop doing；forget doing；remember doing；regret doing；try doing；go on doing；mean doing; stop to do；forget to do；remember to do；regret to do；try to do；go on to do；mean to doIn some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour.A. waiting B. to waiting C. wait D. to be waiting

24、need, require, want作“需要”讲，其后用动名词的主动式表被动意义，be worth类似The flowers need watering. The problem is worth discussing.（三）作表语 动名词可与主语调换位置Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the child. = Washing, cleaning and taking care of the child is her job.My hobby is collecting stamps.= Collecting stamps is

25、 my hobby.（四）作定语一般表示用途a waiting room a reading room a diving board a dining hall七、动名词的时态和语态（一）时态发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，常用完成式，否则都用一般式He was praised for having finished the work ahead of time.We are interested in playing chess. Im sorry for not having kept my promise.（二）语态 若主语是动名词所表示的动作对象，动名词用被动语态I remember

26、having been told a story. We must do something to prevent water from being polluted.若主语是动名词所表示的动作对象，动名词用被动语态He was afraid of being scolded by the teacher.八、分词的作用分词分类：现在分词和过去分词充当成分：作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语现在分词和过去分词的区别：语态：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动时间：现在分词表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词同时发生过去分词表示动作已经完成或无一定时间性（一）作定语（一）作定语1. 单个分词作定语，分词前置The

27、 excited people rushed into the building. = The people who are excited rushed into the building.The sleeping boy is my son. = The boy who is sleeping is my son.A lost opportunity never returns.= A opportunity which is lost never returns.2. 分词短语作定语，分词后置；修饰不定代词something 等要后置；个别分词give, left等作定语后置The bu

28、ilding built last year is our library. The girl standing under the tree is my niece.There is nothing interesting. This is the question given.Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.= Most of the people who were invited to the party were famous scientists.(定语从句)1. The first tex

29、tbook _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written2. Whats the language _ in Germany?A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak3. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A.

30、 are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying4. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading（二）作状语 现在分词和过去分词在句中可作时间/原因/方式/伴随/条件/结果等状语Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call. Given more attention, t

31、he trees could have grown better.= If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.Walking along the street, I ran across my old friend. = When I was walking along the street, I ran across my old friend.Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital.= Because he was bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital.Though defeated, he didnt lose heart.= Though he was defeated, he didnt lose heart.He lay