成都市高考英语阅读理解专题选练及答案3.docx

成都市高考英语阅读理解专题选练及答案3.docx

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成都市高考英语阅读理解专题选练及答案3

阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中,选出最佳选项。

体裁：

说明文　话题：

公民科学　时间：

7分钟

Citizenscienceisatermusedforprojectsorongoingprogramsofscientificworkinwhichindividualvolunteersornetworksofvolunteers，manyofwhommayhavenospecificscientifictraining，performormanageresearchrelatedtaskssuchasobservation，measurementorcomputation.

AnexampleofcitizenscienceisaprojectcalledProjectBudBurst.Overthepastsixgrowingseasons，ProjectBudBursthasusedthousandsofvolunteerobservers.Theyrecordwhenlocalplantsdeveloptheirleaves，flowersandfruit.Theobservationsgointoahugedatabase.Thenplantscientistscanstudythedatatolookforchangesovertime.ProjectdirectorSandraHendersonsaysparticipatorysciencelikethisisanideathatisgrowingquickly.

Forexample，peoplewhoenjoyastronomycanobservechangesinthebrightnessofastar.PeoplecanexaminesatelliteimagesofEarthtolookforsiteswherearcheologistsmightfindthelosttombofGenghisKhan，theMongolianwarriorandruler.Orsomeoneinterestedinorcawhalescanlistentounderwatermicrophonesandletresearchersknowwhenthewhalesarepresent.ThousandsofAmericansandCanadiansvolunteeredtocountbirdsthispastmigrationseasonaspartofProjectFeederWatch.Anotherareawherecitizensciencehasgrownisintestingwater.AmandaBrunercoordinatesSoundCitizen，aprojectbasedattheUniversityofWashingtoncampusinTacoma.ItkeepstrackofpollutantsinPugetSound.

Somepeople，includingscientists，stillquestionwhetheraveragecitizenscancollectreliabledata.Newdigitaltoolscanhelpsettlequestionsaboutdataquality，andmakeiteasierforpeopletotakepartincitizenscience.

Publichealthresearchisanotherareawhereaveragecitizensaregettinginvolved—insomecases，whetherresearcherslikeitornot.Theideaisforthepublictohaveavoiceinhowpublichealthstudiesaredone.Thereisevenasayingforthiskindofactivism：

“Nomoreresearchaboutuswithoutus.”

【语篇导读】　本文属于科普类说明文，主要介绍了公民科学的含义以及人们对它的看法。

1．Whoaretheparticipantsinvolvedincitizenscience?

A．Professionalscientistswhohaveretired.

B．Thepublicshowinginterestinsomescienceprojects.

C．Citizenswhohavespecificscientifictraining.

D．Studentswantingtobescientists.

解析　细节理解题。

根据文章内容可知，公民科学的参与者是对一些科学项目有兴趣的民众，他们中很多人并没有接受过特定的培训。

故B项正确。

答案　B

2．Accordingtothepassage，ifyouareinterestedinplants，youmaytakepartin______.

A．ProjectBudBurst

B．ProjectFeederWatch

C．SoundCitizen

D．publichealthresearch

解析　细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“Theyrecordwhenlocalplantsdeveloptheirleaves，flowersandfruit...Thenplantscientistscanstudythedatatolookforchangesovertime.”可知答案为A。

答案　A

3．FromParagraph3，wecaninferthat______.

A．citizensciencedevelopsquicklyandincludesmanyfields

B．thereisnoneedforprofessionalscientiststodoresearch

C．observationistheonlymethodtodocitizenscience

D．citizensciencehasgrownintestingwater

解析　推理判断题。

根据第二段末尾句和第三段所述内容可推知，citizenscience发展迅速且所涉领域很广，故A项正确。

D属于明示信息，不属于推论。

答案　A

4．Whatcanhelpgetreliabledataincitizenscience?

A．Specificscientifictraining.

B．Moreparticipationofthepublic.

C．Greatersocialsupport.

D．Newdigitaltools.

解析　细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段最后一句“Newdigitaltoolscanhelp...takepartincitizenscience.”可知答案为D。

答案　D

【长难句解读】

原文　Citizenscienceisatermusedforprojectsorongoingprogramsofscientificworkinwhichindividualvolunteersornetworksofvolunteers，manyofwhommayhavenospecificscientifictraining，performormanageresearchrelatedtaskssuchasobservation，measurementorcomputation.

译文　公民科学用于指那些处理科学工作的工程或持续进行的项目，参与其中的是一些个人志愿者或志愿者群体，他们中许多人可能没有经过特定的科学训练，而执行或者管理与科学研究有关的一些任务，如观察、测量或计算。

分析　定语从句“inwhichindividualvolunteersornetworksofvolunteers...orcomputation”为限制性定语从句，修饰“projectsorongoingprogramsofscientificwork”，这一定语从句的主语“individualvolunteersornetworksofvolunteers”又被manyofwhom引导的非限制性定语从句修饰。

阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

【广东省2012届高三考前冲刺卷（七）】A

Plantsthatliveintherainforesthaveadaptedinamazingwaystoseveralverydifficultconditions.Thismeansthattheplanthaschangedsomethinginits“body”or“habits”tomakeiteasiertosurviveindifficultconditions.Thereareseveralconditionstheyhavehadtoadaptto.First，thesoiloftheforestfloorisshallow.Also，thesoiloftherainforestisnotveryrich，oreasytogrowin.Nextistheproblemofveryheavyrainwhichcontinuesoveralargepartoftheyear.Finally，manyplantsoftherainforestarefoodforanimalsthatlivethere.

Thebiggestproblemthatrainforestplantshavetoadapttoisthelackofsunlightintherainforest’slowerlevels.Plantshaveadaptedtothisprobleminseveralways.Manyplantshaveverylargeleaves.Thelargeleafishelpfulbecauseithasabiggersurfacearea.Thebiggersurfaceareaaleafhas，themoresunlightitcanabsorb.Thecanopytreesadaptbygrowingtobe100feettallsothattheirleavescangraballavailablesunlight.Otherplantscalledlianas（climbingwoodyvines）haveadaptedbyrootingthemselvesinthesoiloftheforestfloorandgrowingupthetreesuntiltheyreachthecanopylayer.Stillotherplants，suchasepiphytes，haveadaptedbygrowingdirectlyonthetrees’trunksandbranchesinthecanopyandunderstorylayersoftherainforest.

Anadaptationtothelargeamountsofrainfallthatmanyrainforestplantshaveiscalled“driptips”．Theirleavesaretapered（逐渐变细）toasharppointattheend.Thisallowswatertorunofftheleafquickly.Therearemanyotheradaptationsthatrainforestplantshavemadetotheirenvironment.Thesewillbediscussedindetail，asweinvestigatetheplantsoftherainforest!

26．Whichofthefollowingisadifficultythattherainforestplantshavetoface?

A．Changesintheir“body”or“habits”．

B．Soilthatisnotverydeep.

C．Epiphytesthatgrowontrees’trunks.

D．Theworseningofthenaturalenvironment.

27．Howdolianasadapttotheenvironmentintherainforest?

A．Theygrowunderbigleavesforprotection.

B．Theyrelyonotherplantstoreachthecanopylayer.

C．Theychangetheirleafstructureconstantly.

D．Theygrowonotherplants’branches.

28．Theunderlinedword“This”inParagraph3probablyrefersto________.

A．thetakeinofsunlight

B．thelargeamountsofrainfall

C．theleaves’havingasharppointattheend

D．water’srunningofftheleavesquickly

29．Whatcanbeinferredaboutrainforestplants?

A．Theyhavetofacedangersnotonlyfromanimalsbutalsofromeachother.

B．Toolittlesunlightandtoomuchwaterarethebiggestproblemstheyface.

C．Differentkindsofplantshavedifferentwaystoabsorbsunlight.

D．Alloftheiradaptationshavebeeninvestigatedindetail.

30．Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A．HowdoPlantsAdapttotheRainforests?

B．WhydoPlantsChangeThemselves?

C．WhatKindofPlantsIstheMostAdaptable?

D．WhatIstheBestPlaceforPlantstoLivein?

26．B　[细节理解题。

根据第一段的“First，thesoiloftheforestfloorisshallow.”，可知B为答案。

]

27．B　[细节理解题。

根据第二段的“Otherplantscalledlianas...growingupthetreesuntiltheyreachthecanopylayer.”可知答案为B。

]

28．C　[词义猜测题。

this指代的是前面提到的“Theirleavesaretaperedtoasharppointattheend.”。

D项是改变后的结果。

]

29．C　[推理判断题。

根据第二段的“Plantshaveadaptedtothisprobleminseveralways.”及后来列举的不同植物的适应方法可推出C为正确答案。

]

30．A　[主旨大意题。

本文主要介绍了热带雨林中一些植物是如何适应那里艰难的生存条件的。

]

【广东省2012届高三考前冲刺卷（七）】B

Somepeoplemakeyoufeelcomfortablewhentheyarearound.Youspendanhourwiththemandfeelasifyouhaveknownthemhalfyourlife.Thesepeoplehavesomethingincommon.Andonceweknowwhatitis，wecantrytodoitourselves.

Howisitdone?

Hereareseveralskillsthatgoodtalkershave.Ifyoufollowtheskills，they’llhelpyouputpeopleattheirease，andmakefriendswiththemquickly.

Firstofall，goodtalkersaskquestions.Almostanyone，nomatterhowshyheis，willansweraquestion.Onewellknownbusinesswomansays，“Atbusinesslunches，Ialwaysaskpeoplewhattheydidthatmorning.It’sacommonquestion，butitwillgetthingsgoing.”Fromthereyoucanmoveontoothermatters—sometimestoreallypersonalquestions.Andhowheanswerswillletyouknowhowfaryoucango.

Second，oncegoodtalkershaveaskedquestions，theylistentotheanswers.Thispointseemsclear，butitisn’t.Yourquestionsshouldhaveapointandhelptotellwhatsortofpersonyouaretalkingto.Andtofindout，youreallyhavetolistencarefullyandattentively.

Reallisteningatleastmeanssomethings.Firstitmeansnottochangethesubjectofconversation.Ifsomeonestickstoonetopic，youcantakeitasafactthathe’sreallyinterestedinit.Reallisteningalsomeansnotjustlisteningtowords，buttotonesofvoice.Ifthevoicesoundsdull，then，it’stimeforyoutochangethesubject.

Finally，goodtalkersknowwellhowtodealwiththeoccasionofparting.Ifyou’resayinggoodbye，youmaygivehimafirmhandshakeandsay，“I’vereallyenjoyedmeetingyou.”Ifyouwanttoseethatpersonagain，don’tkeepitasecret.Letpeopleknowwhatyoufeel，andtheymaywalkawayfeelingasifthey’veknownyouhalftheirlife.

31．Askingquestionsmightbeaquitegoodandsuitableway________.

A．foryoutomakemoreandmorenewfriends

B．tobeginyourbusinesstalks

C．togettheconversationgoingsmoothly

D．foryoutomakeadeepandlastingimpressiononothers

32．Afterhavingaskedsomebodyaquestion，it’llbepoliteofyouto________.

A．makeclearwhatkindofpersonheis

B．listentohisreplyattentively

C．waitquietlyandpatientlyforhisanswer

D．goonaskinghimmorequestions

33．Generallyspeaking，goodtalkersarepeoplewho______.

A．aregoodatmakinganytopicinteresting

B．nevertalktoomuchortoolittle

C．alwaysspeakinagentleway

D．knowhowandwhentheyshouldchangethetopic