阅读理解中词句猜测代词指代题考查解读.docx

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阅读理解中词句猜测代词指代题考查解读.docx

阅读理解中词句猜测代词指代题考查解读

二轮复习阅读理解中词句猜测--代词指代题考查解读

【题型解读】

代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多,动作转换频繁的语境中,考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词。

有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。

设问形式常有:

(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this/it/them/which...”referto?

(2)Theunderlinedpart“it/that/they/which...”inParagraph...refersto“”.

解题技巧——“就近原则”判指代

第一步:

明确代词所指代内容的位置

代词永远出现在原词之后,故代词所指代的内容在这一句的前面一句中,或者前几句中。

第二步:

熟悉代词的含义

(1)it/this/that可指代一件事。

(2)it/he/them/they/one/those指上文提到的人或物。

(3)which/that/who等关系代词指代其所修饰的先行词,非限制性定语从句中which可指代前面整句话的内容。

第三步:

替换核实再比较

(1)用所找的指代内容替换画线代词,核实句意是否合理,前后内容是否一致。

(2)比较所代部分与选项,确定意思最接近的选项。

例如:

【真题感悟】中第26题,sharingthat与前面的sharedthebelief呼应,由此可推知,拥有同样的信念使两人成了朋友;thebelief替换that后,经核实意义正确,故选A项。

【课堂练习】

A

Throughoutthepastfewyears,Ihavetriedtogivemyselftoothers.IhavebouncedaroundtofindwhereItrulyfitin.IfoundmyplacewhileIstayedinGuatemala,anorphanage(孤儿院),withthechildrenlivingthere.Throughhearingmanystoriesoftheirlives,Iwasmovedtotearsandstartedtoquestionmylivingwaysandgaveupeverythingthatwasn’tessential:

7makeupandanyothersortofluxury(奢侈品).Ilivedliketheydid.Itwasthemostrelaxingfeelingintheworld.

WhenatNuestrosPequenosHermanos,weweregiventhetaskofcreatingapig8pen.Atfirst,Ithoughtitshouldbeeasy.Afterarrivingattheareawherethepigpenshouldbe,wesawahill.Weweretoldto1uproottheweedsaswellasleveltheentirearea.Lookingatit,wefeltitwouldbeimpossible.Onmyownfaithjourney,Ihavefeltthistypeofdoubtbefore.The“hole”,aswereferredto,isasymbolofmyfaithjourney.Itappearedtobean2obstacleIcouldnotovercome,butintheendIcompleteditwithefforts.Ifeelthispigpenwasn’teasytocreatebutwassorewardingtogive.

I’vealwaysstruggledtobeonajourneyoffaith,butI’venevercompletelysteppedfootontothepathuntilGuatemala.I’vealwaystriedtoopenmyhearttoeveryonearoundmeandgivethemmylove.IfeelasthoughIcutopenmyheartandshareeverybitofloveIhadwiththeseorphans.ThereisoneorphannamedCetowhowillalwaysremainveryclosetomyheart.InGuatemala,Isponsorwiththirtydollarsamonth,butitdoesn’tseemenough.I’llreturntherenextsummerandgivemoreofmyloveforawholemonth.

Whenitwastimetoleave,Ilookedoutofthewindowandsawnotjustordinarychildren.Overall,themostsignificantaccomplishmentImadeinGuatemalawassteppingtowardsmyownfaithjourneyandnotlookingback.

语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。

文章主要讲述了作者在危地马拉期间,改变了自己的生活,从而改变了自己的人生。

1.Whatresultedintheauthor’sdecisiontoliveanewlife?

A.Desiretohelpothers.

B.Decreaseinhisincome.

C.Aknowledgeoftheorphans’life.

D.Awarenessofthedifficultyinhislife.

答案 C

解析 细节理解题。

根据第一段第三、四句可知,作者了解到孤儿的生活之后,决定改变自己的生活。

故选C。

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?

A.Removingthedoubt.

B.Uprootingtheweed.

C.Startingthefaithjourney.

D.Creatingthepigpen.

答案 D

解析 代词指代题。

根据画线词后面的“Ifeelthispigpenwasn’teasytocreatebutwassorewardingtogive.”可以猜测出,it代指建造猪圈这件事。

故选D。

3.WhatdidtheauthorthinkofhisexperienceinGuatemala?

A.Itwasregretful.

B.Itwasmeaningful.

C.Itwasinteresting.

D.Itwasfrightening.

答案 B

解析 推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的“Overall,themostsignificantaccomplishmentImadeinGuatemalawassteppingtowardsmyownfaithjourneyandnotlookingback.”可以推断出,作者认为在危地马拉的经历是有意义的。

故选B。

4.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?

A.AStepintoaNewWorld

B.AnAwfulFaithJourney

C.AGreatSuccessinLife

D.AReturnofConfidence

答案 A

解析 标题归纳题。

根据最后一段中的“Overall,themostsignificantaccomplishmentImadeinGuatemalawassteppingtowardsmyownfaithjourneyandnotlookingback.”可以推断出,在危地马拉期间,作者改变了自己的生活,从而改变了人生。

故用AStepintoaNewWorld作为本文的标题最佳。

故选A。

B

Vinegarisgreat.Itmakessalad,friesanddumplingstastebetter,andyoucanevencleanyourwindowswithit.Andnow,accordingtoscientists,itmayevenhelptheplanet’spopulationsurviveclimatechange.ResearchersfromtheRIKENCenterforSustainableResourceScience(CSRS)inJapanprovedthat.Theyfoundgrowingplantsinvinegarmakesthemmoreresistanttodroughts.Thiscouldmeanthatinthefuture,worriesaboutclimatechangeaffectingtheworld’ssupplyoffoodwillbemuchlower.

ThediscoverywasmadeaftertheresearchersstudiedtheArabidopsis,aplantknownforitsabilitytosurviveindryweather.Itwasfoundthatwhentheplantwasplacedindrought-likeconditions,itproducedachemicalcalledacetate(醋酸盐)—themain3componentofvinegar.

Afterdiscoveringthis,thescientistsexperimentedfurtherbyaddingacetatetothesoilofotherplantsbeforetheystoppedgivingthemwatercompletely.Afterleavingtheplantsfor14days,theyfoundthattheonestreatedwithacetatehadsurvived,whiletheuntreatedplantshaddriedupanddied.

It’shopedthatthissimplemethodofsurvivalcouldsoonbeusedtohelpfarmersindrycountrieskeeptheircropsalive.“Intheexperiment,wetargetedthe4staplefoodsoftheworld—rice,wheatandmaize...andprovedsuccessful,”JongMyongKim,co-authorofthestudy,toldPopularSciencemagazine.

Kimhasalreadybeenintouchwithpeoplearoundtheworldwhoareinterestedintryingthissimpleandcost-effectivemethodoutforthemselvesfromfarmerstocompaniesand5amateurgardeners.“Nowwearetryingtocooperatewiththemtomakeamethodtoapplythissystem,andmaketheprocessassimpleaspossible,”hesaid.Hopefullythismeanstheendofhungercausedbybadweatherinthefuture.

语篇解读 本文是一篇科普类文章。

文章主要介绍了日本科学家们近期发现了一个有意思的现象:

给植物加点“醋”,植物就能变得更耐旱……

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph1referto?

A.Vinegarmayhelpcreaturessurvivebadweather.

B.VinegarisfoundinplantsbyJapanesescientists.

C.Vinegarisveryusefulforcookingagoodmeal.

D.Vinegarismainlyusedbypeopletocleanhouses.

答案 A

解析 代词指代题。

根据画线词前一句“Andnow,accordingtoscientists,itmayevenhelptheplanet’spopulationsurviveclimatechange.”可以判断出that指代的是醋可以帮助生物更好地适应气候的变化。

故选A。

6.ScientistsinJapanfindfromtheirstudiesthat.

A.theArabidopsiscouldsurviveindryweatherbecauseoftheshape

B.soilconditioncouldbechangedbypouringvinegarcontinually

C.theacetatecanbeusedbyfarmerstoreplacethesoil

D.theplantstreatedwithacetatecouldsurvivedryconditions

答案 D

解析 细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“Theyfoundgrowingplantsinvinegarmakesthemmoreresistanttodroughts.”可知,在酸性环境下生长的植物更加耐旱。

故选D。

7.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.It’stoodifficultforfarmerstoacceptthemethod.

B.Howtodecreasethecostisthemainissue.

C.Themethodis6promisingespeciallyinagriculture.

D.Keepingplantsalivemeansalotforscientists.

答案 C

解析 推理判断题。

根据最后一段尤其是最后一句“Hopefullythismeanstheendofhungercausedbybadweatherinthefuture.”可以推断出这种方法尤其在农业上很有前景。

故选C。

8.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.JapaneseScientistsFindaPlant

B.VinegarCouldEndHunger

C.VinegarandFood

D.PlantsNeedWater

答案 B

解析 标题归纳题。

根据全文大意可知,科学家研究发现醋更能够让植物适应各种恶劣气候,提高粮食的产量,从而消除饥饿。

所以用VinegarCouldEndHunger作为题目较为合适,故选B。

【提炼拓展】

Ⅰ.障碍词汇突破

(一)阅读下列句子,并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思

1.Thismorningwhenwewerewalkingalongthestreetandfoundmanyfallentreeswhichhavebeenuprootedbythestorm.连根拔起;根除

2.Mostcompetitioncarswillonlyrolloveriftheyhitanobstacle.障碍;障碍物

3.Hydrogenisakeycomponentoffuelcells.组成部分,成分

4.WheatmaybePakistan’sstaplefood,andmilkyteaisthenationaldrink.主要的

5.Atthetime,IwasplayingasanamateurforCambridgeUniversityagainstprofessionalcountyteams.业余爱好者

(二)同义词语替换

6.We’retryingtobringalongseveralpromisingyoungfootballplayers.hopeful

(三)一词多义

7.makeupn.化妆品;组成

(1)Eventhegeneticmakeupofthevirusisunderdebate.组成

(2)Normallysheworelittlemakeup,butthiseveningwasclearlyanexception.化妆品

8.penv.撰写;关(人或动物);n.(临时圈养牲畜的)圈;钢笔

(1)Theanimalswerepennedupincages.关(人或动物)

(2)Ireallyintendedtopenthislettertoyouearlythismorning.撰写

(3)Takeapieceofpaperandapenandtrytofigureouthowyouknowwhenyourvaluesarefulfilled.钢笔

(4)Apenisasmallareawithafencearounditinwhichfarmanimalsarekeptforashorttime.(临时圈养牲畜的)圈

Ⅱ.长难句理解

1.Throughhearingmanystoriesoftheirlives,Iwasmovedtotearsandstartedtoquestionmylivingwaysandgaveupeverythingthatwasn’tessential:

makeupandanyothersortofluxury(奢侈品).

[句式分析] 本句话是一个并列句,第一个and前的简单句是主系表结构;第二、三个and后的简单句与前面的句子主语一致,故省略了主语I,且这两个简单句为主谓宾结构;thatwasn’tessential:

makeupandanyothersortofluxury为定语从句,修饰限定everything。

[精美译文] 因为听了关于他们生活的很多故事,我感动得留下了眼泪,开始质疑自己的生活方式并且放弃了所有不必要的东西:

化妆品和其他的奢侈品。

2.Afterleavingtheplantsfor14days,theyfoundthattheonestreatedwithacetatehadsurvived,whiletheuntreatedplantshaddriedupanddied.

[句式分析] 本句话是一个并列句,由并列词while构成,前后表示对比关系。

while前面的句子是主谓宾结构,其宾语为宾语从句thattheonestreatedwithacetatehadsurvived,在宾语从句中treatedwithacetate作定语,修饰theones;while后面的句子是主谓结构。

[精美译文] 丢下这些植物不管14天后,他们发现那些加了醋酸盐的植物活了下来,而未加醋酸盐的植物都干死了。

强化练习

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

HereisarecordofthediscussionaboutAI(artificialintelligence)conductedbyseveralscientists:

ScientistA:

IwouldsaythatwearequitealongwayoffdevelopingtheAI,thoughIdothinkitwillhappenwithinthenextthirtyorfortyyears.Wewillprobablyremainincontroloftechnologyanditwillhelpussolvemanyoftheworld’sproblems.However,noonereallyknowswhatwillhappenifmachinesbecomemoreintelligentthanhumans.Theymayhelpus,ignoreusordestroyus.ItendtobelieveAIwillhaveapositiveinfluenceonourfuturelives,butwhetherthatistruewillbepartlyuptous.

ScientistB:

Ihavetoadmitthatthepotentialconsequencesofcreatingsomethingthatcanmatchorgobeyondhumanintelligencefrightenme.Evennow,scientistsareteachingcomputershowtolearnontheirown.Atsomepointinthenearfuture,theirintelligencemaywelltakeoff

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