阅读理解中词句猜测代词指代题考查解读.docx

1、阅读理解中词句猜测代词指代题考查解读二轮复习 阅读理解中词句猜测-代词指代题考查解读 【题型解读】代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多，动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。设问形式常有：(1)What does the underlined word “this/it/them/which.” refer to?(2)The underlined part “it/that/they/which.” in Paragraph.refers to “ ”解题技巧“就近原则”判指代第一步：明确代词所指代内容的位置代词永远出现

2、在原词之后，故代词所指代的内容在这一句的前面一句中，或者前几句中。第二步：熟悉代词的含义(1)it/this/that可指代一件事。(2)it/he/them/they/one/those指上文提到的人或物。(3)which/that/who等关系代词指代其所修饰的先行词，非限制性定语从句中which可指代前面整句话的内容。第三步：替换核实再比较(1)用所找的指代内容替换画线代词，核实句意是否合理，前后内容是否一致。(2)比较所代部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。例如：【真题感悟】中第26题，sharing that与前面的shared the belief呼应，由此可推知，拥有同样的信念使两

3、人成了朋友；the belief替换that后，经核实意义正确，故选A项。【课堂练习】AThroughout the past few years，I have tried to give myself to others.I have bounced around to find where I truly fit in.I found my place while I stayed in Guatemala，an orphanage(孤儿院)，with the children living there.Through hearing many stories of their lives

4、，I was moved to tears and started to question my living ways and gave up everything that wasnt essential：7makeup and any other sort of luxury(奢侈品)I lived like they did.It was the most relaxing feeling in the world.When at Nuestros Pequenos Hermanos，we were given the task of creating a pig 8pen.At fi

5、rst，I thought it should be easy.After arriving at the area where the pig pen should be，we saw a hill.We were told to 1uproot the weeds as well as level the entire area.Looking at it，we felt it would be impossible.On my own faith journey，I have felt this type of doubt before.The “hole”，as we referred

6、 to，is a symbol of my faith journey.It appeared to be an 2obstacle I could not overcome，but in the end I completed it with efforts.I feel this pig pen wasnt easy to create but was so rewarding to give.Ive always struggled to be on a journey of faith，but Ive never completely stepped foot onto the pat

7、h until Guatemala.Ive always tried to open my heart to everyone around me and give them my love.I feel as though I cut open my heart and share every bit of love I had with these orphans.There is one orphan named Ceto who will always remain very close to my heart.In Guatemala，I sponsor with thirty do

8、llars a month，but it doesnt seem enough.Ill return there next summer and give more of my love for a whole month.When it was time to leave，I looked out of the window and saw not just ordinary children.Overall，the most significant accomplishment I made in Guatemala was stepping towards my own faith jo

9、urney and not looking back.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在危地马拉期间，改变了自己的生活，从而改变了自己的人生。1What resulted in the authors decision to live a new life?ADesire to help others.BDecrease in his income.CA knowledge of the orphans life.DAwareness of the difficulty in his life.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段第三、四句可知，作者了解到孤儿的生活之后，决定改变自己的

10、生活。故选C。2What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?ARemoving the doubt.BUprooting the weed.CStarting the faith journey.DCreating the pig pen.答案D解析代词指代题。根据画线词后面的“I feel this pig pen wasnt easy to create but was so rewarding to give.”可以猜测出，it代指建造猪圈这件事。故选D。3What did the author think of

11、his experience in Guatemala?AIt was regretful.BIt was meaningful.CIt was interesting.DIt was frightening.答案B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Overall，the most significant accomplishment I made in Guatemala was stepping towards my own faith journey and not looking back.”可以推断出，作者认为在危地马拉的经历是有意义的。故选B。4What may be the be

12、st title for the text?AA Step into a New WorldBAn Awful Faith JourneyCA Great Success in LifeDA Return of Confidence答案A解析标题归纳题。根据最后一段中的“Overall，the most significant accomplishment I made in Guatemala was stepping towards my own faith journey and not looking back.”可以推断出，在危地马拉期间，作者改变了自己的生活，从而改变了人生。故用A

13、 Step into a New World作为本文的标题最佳。故选A。BVinegar is great.It makes salad，fries and dumplings taste better，and you can even clean your windows with it.And now，according to scientists，it may even help the planets population survive climate change.Researchers from the RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource

14、Science (CSRS) in Japan proved that.They found growing plants in vinegar makes them more resistant to droughts.This could mean that in the future，worries about climate change affecting the worlds supply of food will be much lower.The discovery was made after the researchers studied the Arabidopsis，a

15、 plant known for its ability to survive in dry weather.It was found that when the plant was placed in drought-like conditions，it produced a chemical called acetate(醋酸盐)the main 3component of vinegar.After discovering this，the scientists experimented further by adding acetate to the soil of other pla

16、nts before they stopped giving them water completely.After leaving the plants for 14 days，they found that the ones treated with acetate had survived，while the untreated plants had dried up and died.Its hoped that this simple method of survival could soon be used to help farmers in dry countries keep

17、 their crops alive.“In the experiment，we targeted the 4staple foods of the worldrice，wheat and maize.and proved successful，” Jong Myong Kim，co-author of the study，told Popular Science magazine.Kim has already been in touch with people around the world who are interested in trying this simple and cos

18、t-effective method out for themselves from farmers to companies and 5amateur gardeners.“Now we are trying to cooperate with them to make a method to apply this system，and make the process as simple as possible，” he said.Hopefully this means the end of hunger caused by bad weather in the future.语篇解读本

19、文是一篇科普类文章。文章主要介绍了日本科学家们近期发现了一个有意思的现象：给植物加点“醋”，植物就能变得更耐旱5What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 1 refer to?AVinegar may help creatures survive bad weather.BVinegar is found in plants by Japanese scientists.CVinegar is very useful for cooking a good meal.DVinegar is mainly used by people to

20、 clean houses.答案A解析代词指代题。根据画线词前一句“And now，according to scientists，it may even help the planets population survive climate change.”可以判断出that指代的是醋可以帮助生物更好地适应气候的变化。故选A。6Scientists in Japan find from their studies that .Athe Arabidopsis could survive in dry weather because of the shapeBsoil condition co

21、uld be changed by pouring vinegar continuallyCthe acetate can be used by farmers to replace the soilDthe plants treated with acetate could survive dry conditions答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They found growing plants in vinegar makes them more resistant to droughts.”可知，在酸性环境下生长的植物更加耐旱。故选D。7What can we infer fr

22、om the last paragraph?AIts too difficult for farmers to accept the method.BHow to decrease the cost is the main issue.CThe method is 6promising especially in agriculture.DKeeping plants alive means a lot for scientists.答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段尤其是最后一句“Hopefully this means the end of hunger caused by bad wea

23、ther in the future.”可以推断出这种方法尤其在农业上很有前景。故选C。8Which of the following can be the best title for the text?AJapanese Scientists Find a PlantBVinegar Could End HungerCVinegar and FoodDPlants Need Water答案B解析标题归纳题。根据全文大意可知，科学家研究发现醋更能够让植物适应各种恶劣气候，提高粮食的产量，从而消除饥饿。所以用Vinegar Could End Hunger作为题目较为合适，故选B。【提炼拓展】

24、.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1This morning when we were walking along the street and found many fallen trees which have been uprooted by the storm.连根拔起；根除2Most competition cars will only roll over if they hit an obstacle.障碍；障碍物3Hydrogen is a key component of fuel cells.组成部分，成分4Wheat may be Pakista

25、ns staple food，and milky tea is the national drink.主要的5At the time，I was playing as an amateur for Cambridge University against professional county teams.业余爱好者(二)同义词语替换6Were trying to bring along several promising young football players.hopeful(三)一词多义7makeup n化妆品；组成(1)Even the genetic makeup of the

26、virus is under debate.组成(2)Normally she wore little makeup，but this evening was clearly an exception. 化妆品8pen v撰写；关(人或动物)；n.(临时圈养牲畜的)圈；钢笔(1)The animals were penned up in cages.关(人或动物) (2) I really intended to pen this letter to you early this morning.撰写(3)Take a piece of paper and a pen and try to f

27、igure out how you know when your values are fulfilled.钢笔(4)A pen is a small area with a fence around it in which farm animals are kept for a short time.(临时圈养牲畜的)圈.长难句理解1Through hearing many stories of their lives，I was moved to tears and started to question my living ways and gave up everything that

28、 wasnt essential：makeup and any other sort of luxury(奢侈品)句式分析本句话是一个并列句，第一个and前的简单句是主系表结构；第二、三个and后的简单句与前面的句子主语一致，故省略了主语I，且这两个简单句为主谓宾结构；that wasnt essential：makeup and any other sort of luxury为定语从句，修饰限定everything。精美译文因为听了关于他们生活的很多故事，我感动得留下了眼泪，开始质疑自己的生活方式并且放弃了所有不必要的东西：化妆品和其他的奢侈品。2After leaving the pla

29、nts for 14 days，they found that the ones treated with acetate had survived，while the untreated plants had dried up and died.句式分析本句话是一个并列句，由并列词while构成，前后表示对比关系。while前面的句子是主谓宾结构，其宾语为宾语从句that the ones treated with acetate had survived，在宾语从句中treated with acetate作定语，修饰the ones；while后面的句子是主谓结构。精美译文丢下这些植物不

30、管14天后，他们发现那些加了醋酸盐的植物活了下来，而未加醋酸盐的植物都干死了。强化练习.阅读理解AHere is a record of the discussion about AI (artificial intelligence) conducted by several scientists：Scientist A：I would say that we are quite a long way off developing the AI，though I do think it will happen within the next thirty or forty years.We

31、will probably remain in control of technology and it will help us solve many of the worlds problems.However，no one really knows what will happen if machines become more intelligent than humans.They may help us，ignore us or destroy us.I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future

32、lives，but whether that is true will be partly up to us.Scientist B：I have to admit that the potential consequences of creating something that can match or go beyond human intelligence frighten me.Even now，scientists are teaching computers how to learn on their own.At some point in the near future，their intelligence may well take off