高中定语从句.docx
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高中定语从句
定语从句讲解
前置定语
abeautifulgirl
abananatree
UFO
yourmother
后置定语
alifestylegoodforyourhealth
ababysleepinginbed
apicturepaintedbyPiccaso
awaytosolvetheproblem
amanintheroom
ateacherfromAmerica.
amanalive
somethinginteresting
定语从句
HeisanEnglishteacher.
Theteacherwillteachusnextterm.
HeisanEnglishteacherwhowillteachusnextterm.
I’dreallyliketofindafriend.
Icantrusthimcompletely.
I’dreallyliketofindafriendwhomIcantrustcompletely.
Thisistheman.
Iworkwiththeman.
ThisisthemanwhomIworkwith.
▲由关系代词引导的定语从句
who代替人,在从句中做主语或宾语。
which代替物，在从句中做主语或宾语。
whom代替人，在从句中做宾语。
that可以与whowhichwhom换用。
Ilikethefilm.
Heiswatchingthefilm.
Ilikethefilmheiswatching.
Heissufferingfromthedisease.
Thediseasehaskilledmanypeople.
Heissufferingfromthediseasewhichhaskilledmanypeople.
将下面每组中的两简单句合并成一个定语从句，第二个句子作定语。
1.Thegirlishappy.Shewontherace.
2.ThestudentisfromAmerica.Hesitsnexttome.
3.Theboywasnotbadlyhurt.Theboyfellfromatree.
4.Thetaxidriverwasfriendly.Hetookmetotheairport.
5.Ican’trememberthenameoftheperson.Igavethemoneytohim.
6.Theemployeeshadtoretire.Theyhadreachedtheageofsixty-five.
7.Theteacherspoketotheboys.Theirworkwasbelowstandard.
8.Thepeoplewerefriendly.Irentedtheirhouses.
9.Heistheprofessor.Iamtakinghisgrammarcourse.
10.Thatistheman.Hissondiedinthataircrash.
11.Themancalledthepolice.Hiscarwasstolen.
12.Themanisfamous.Hispictureisinthenewspaper.
13.Ihaveaneighbor.Hisdogbarksalldaylong.
14.Thegirlisagoodfriendofmine.Iborrowedhercamera.
15.Thechurchwasbuiltin1400.Weweremarriedinthechurch.
16.Shetoldmeheraddress.Iwroteitdownonapieceofpaper.
17.Wearestudyingsentences.Theycontainadjectiveclauses.
18.Theexhibitionwasnotveryinteresting.Myfriendtookmetoseeit.
19.Johnisn’thomeyet.Thatworriedme.
20.Jackwasfiredfromhisjob.Thatsurprisedallofhisco-workers.
21.Myroommatealwaysplaysmusicatthedorm.Thatreallygetsonmynerves.
Ex1
1.他是去年教我们英语的老师。
2.我喜欢有幽默感的人。
3.这就是我们老师写的那本书。
4.这就是我在晚会上遇见的女孩。
5.你刚才与之说话的男孩哪去了？
6.这位富人想娶的是个明星。
7.你们照顾的那个老太太去年死了.
8.你昨天见到的那个人是我的前女友.
9.你昨天捡到的那个钱包是我们老师的.
宜用that不宜用which的情况
Ø1.先行词是everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none,some,few,little,every,all不定代词
Hedideverythingthathecouldtohelpus.
Allthatglittersisnotgold.
IfoundlittlethatIcouldunderstand.
Ø2.先行词是被much,little,none,some,no,few,little,every,all,just,theonly,thevery,theright,thelast等修饰；先行词本身是形容词最高级或序数词；先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰
ThisistheverybusthatI’mwaitingfor.
Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.
Musicistheonlythingthatmakesmehappy.
ThefirstthingIneedtodoisfeedmyself.
ThehotelisthemostexpensiveoneIhaveeverstayedin.
ThereisnodifficultythatIcan’tovercome.
Ø3.先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that。
Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?
TheyspokehighlyofthechildrenandtheirperformancesthattheysawattheChildren’sPalace.
Shedescribedinhisarticlethepeopleandplacesthatimpressedhermost.
Ø5.当先行词前面有who/which等疑问代词时。
Whichisthebikethatyoulost?
Whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?
Whichmanthathasmoneywillnotbecamebad.
Ø6.有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词用which，另外一个用that
Theysecretlybuiltupasmallfactory,whichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.
Ex2
1.你有什么不理解的吗？
2.我已经把我知道的都告诉你了。
3.我唯一能做的是给你些建议。
4.失去记忆后，他唯一记得的是他女朋友的模样。
5.这是我碰到的最麻烦的事。
6.她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩。
7.这个孩子是车祸中唯一幸存的人。
8.我们当中谁在国外呆了两年还不会和老外交流呢？
9.站在教室门口抽烟的人是谁？
Doyouknowtheboywhoisrunningafterthedogthatisrunningafterthecatthatisrunningaftertheratthatiseatingthecakethatwasmadebymymotherwhomyfathermarriedyesterday?
▲关系代词whose的用法
Whose表示所有关系，既可指人也可指物。
●我认识一个朋友，他哥哥是流行歌手。
Iknowafriendwhosebrotherisapopsinger.
●这就是那个男孩，他的父亲是个飞行员。
Thisistheboywhosefatherisapilot.
●你认识那个女孩吗？
她的父亲是我们的老师。
Doyouknowthegirlwhosefatherisourteacher?
不能用that的几种情况
1.介词后的关系代词
有时关系代词在从句中不是做动词的宾语而是做介词的宾语。
在这种情况下，通常有几种表达方式。
●我认识你们谈论的那个人。
Iknowthemanwhom（who/that）youaretalkingabout.
Iknowthemanaboutwhomyouaretalking.
●这是我要谈论的话题
Thisisatopicwhich（that）Iwilltalkabout.
ThisisatopicaboutwhichIwilltalk.
2.先行词本身是that
What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow.
3.非限制性定语从句
◆先行词是独一无二的人或事物
China,whosepopulationisthelargestintheworld,liesinEastAsia.
MarywillspendherholidayinLondon,whereherboyfriendworks.
Iamgoingtoseemywife,whoislivinginAmerica.
Thesun,whichgivesoffagreatdealofheatandlight,isnecessityforallthecreatureontheearth.
试比较
IhaveabrotherwhoworksinAmerica.
Ihaveabrother,whoworksinAmerica.
◆关系代词指代整个主句的内容
Theboywasawayfromhomeforaweek,whichworriedhisparent.
Thefirelastedforawholenight,whichcausedgreatdamage.
Thebookisinteresting,asmostreaderssay.
◆句子出现some/many/few/afew/little/most/much/halfof+which/whom,结构时
Heearnsonly1000dollarsamonth,halfofwhichisspentonhiscar.
Hehasmanyfriends,mostofwhomaregirls.
Youalldidverywellinthetest,afewofwhomgotfullmarks.
▲关系代词as的用法
构成such…as,thesame…as,so…as,as……as结构，as在定语从句中应充当主语、宾语或表语。
Suchastudentasworkshardwillsucceed.
●这样用功的学生一定会成功。
Heisnotsuchamanaswouldabandonhisfamily.
●他不是那种会抛弃家庭的人。
Heisnotthesameplayboyashewas（weknow）.
●他不再是从前的那个花花公子了。
✧such…as…引导的定语从句与such…that…引导的状语从句
so…as…引导的定语从句与so…that…引导的状语从句的区别：
Heissuchacleverboyaseveryonelikes.（定语从句）
Heissuchacleverboythateveryonelikeshim.（状语从句）
Theangrybirdsissopopularagamethateverybodyplaysit.
Theangrybirdsissopopularagameaseverybodyplays.
✧关系代词as与which用法区别
1.众所周知，莫言火了。
__________,MoYanisfamousnow.
MoYanisfamousnow,_________________.
2.（2010湖北高考）正如我们强调过很多次的那样，为人民服务是我们的首要准则。
___________________manytimes,“servethepeople”isourfirstpolicy.（stress）
3.像那些歌唱得好的人应该参加好声音。
Suchpeople_________________shouldtakepartinTheVoiceofChina.
4.探险家只带那些他真正需要的人和东西去丛林。
Theexplorertookonlysuchmenandthings_________________intothejungle.（need）
✧thesame……that……和thesame……as……的区别
这是我昨天丢的那本书。
______________________Ilostyesterday.（lost）
这与我昨天丢的那本书一样。
______________________Ilostyesterday.（lost）
▲关系副词
1.Thereason_________________hewaslateisridiculous.
2.Thereason_________________hegavewasquitesimple.
3.Thisistheplace________________Istayedlastyear.
4.Thisistheplace________________Ivisitedlastyear.
5.I'llneverforgetthedays_________________Iworkedtogetherwithyou.
6.I’llneverforgetthedays_________________Ispentinthecountryside.
WHEN-----代替时间
WHERE-----代替地点
WHY-----代替原因
WHEN
●Iwillneverforgettheday.Ontheday,sheleftme.
Iwillneverforgetthedaywhensheleftme.
Iwillneverforgetthedayonwhichsheleftme.
WHERE
●Lookatthehouse.Inthehouse,Iwasborn.
LookatthehousewhereIwasborn.
LookatthehouseinwhichIwasborn.
WHY
●Iknowthereason.Sheisunhappyforthereasontoday.
Iknowthereasonwhysheisunhappytoday.
Iknowthereasonforwhichsheisunhappytoday.
将两个简单句合并为一个定语从句，用第二个句子作定语
✓Mondayistheday.Wewillcomeonthatday.
✓HearrivedinShanghaithatday.OnthesamedayIleft.
✓Julyisthemonth.Theweatherisusuallythehottestinthatmonth.
✓AprilFool’sDayisthespecialdayoftheyear.Onthedayyoushouldplayajokeonsomeone!
✓March10,1876wastheday.Onthedaythefirstcompletesentencewassentoveratelephone.
✓Thecitywasbeautiful.Wespentourvacationthere.
✓Thatistherestaurant.Iwillmeetyouthere.
✓Thetownissmall.Igrewupthere.
✓Thisisthehouse.Theyputtheirtoolsinit.
▲关系词省略的情况
✧关系代词作宾语时的省略
Thisisthebook（which/that）Ineed.
Sheisthegirl（who/whom/that）Ilove.
Isthereanything（that）youwanted?
Whoistheman（that）youweretalkingto?
✧关系代词作表语时的省略
Chinaisnotthecountry（that）itwas.
✧关系副词when的省略
day,year,time作先行词时
vThatwastheyear（that）Ifirstwentabroad.
vI’llneverforgettheday（that）wemet.
✧关系副词where的省略
place,somewhere,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere作先行词是
vThisistheplace（where）theymetyesterday.这就是他们昨天碰头的地方。
vHaveyousomewhere（that）Icanliedownforanhour?
✧关系副词why的省略
vThat’sthereason（why/forwhich,that）hecame.
vGivemeonereason（why/forwhich）weshouldhelpyou.
翻译句子
1.我昨天买了一本书，该书的作者是一位盲人。
2.我的办公室在这栋大楼的二层，它很小。
3.你昨天借我的那本书很有趣。
4.那位老师教我英文，他是加拿大的。
5.和我一起工作的那个女孩已经有男朋友了。
6.告诉我今天早晨你迟到的原因。
7.他们到的那天正下着雨。
8.他是一个值得信赖的人。
（depend）
9.你住的那家酒店叫什么名字？
10.接电话的那个男的告诉我你不在。
定语从句和同位语从句的区分。
Weallhaveheardthenews_____ourteamwon.
Wedon’tbelievethenews_________hetoldus.
定语从句的谓语动词单复数
TitanicisoneofthemostwonderfulmoviesthathavebeenproducedinHollywood.
TitanicistheonlyoneofthesewonderfulmoviesthathasbeenproducedinHollywood.
定语从句与强调句的区分。
1）Itisthisstreet_______Ihappenedtomeethim.
Itisinthisstreet_______Ihappenedtomeethim.
2）Wheredidyoumeethim?
Itisinthecinema_______Imethim.
Itisinthecinema_______doorfaceswest.
A．thatB．whereC．whoseD．which
01、（08全国卷II’20）ItwasinNewZealand___ElizabethfirstmetMr.Smith.
A.thatB.howC.whichD.when
02、（08天津卷’08）ItwasalongtheMississippiRiver_______MarkTwainspentmuchofhischildhood.
A.howB.whichC.thatD.w
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