Linux Raid安装过程详解.docx
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LinuxRaid安装过程详解
LinuxRaid安装过程详解
操作环境为64bitCentOS6.0同样适用于redhat其他内核版本
此文以raid1为例raid0,5,6配置过程类似
文章完全亲自操作,属原创,如有不足欢迎指正
——HONKER_NEMO
微博地址:
微刊地址:
首先查看当前系统分区情况
[root@localhost~]#fdisk-l|grepsd
Disk/dev/sda:
32.2GB,32212254720bytes
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 64 3917 30944256 8e LinuxLVM
Disk/dev/sdb:
3221MB,3221225472bytes
可以看到当前系统有一块3G左右的硬盘未分区使用,将其分区用作raid磁盘,分为3个主分区与1个扩展分区
[root@localhost~]#fdisk/dev/sdb
WARNING:
DOS-compatiblemodeisdeprecated.It'sstronglyrecommendedto
switchoffthemode(command'c')andchangedisplayunitsto
sectors(command'u').
Command(mforhelp):
n
Commandaction
e extended
p primarypartition(1-4)
p
Partitionnumber(1-4):
1
Firstcylinder(1-391,default1):
Usingdefaultvalue1
Lastcylinder,+cylindersor+size{K,M,G}(1-391,default391):
+200M
Command(mforhelp):
n
Commandaction
e extended
p primarypartition(1-4)
p
Partitionnumber(1-4):
Valueoutofrange.
Partitionnumber(1-4):
2
Firstcylinder(27-391,default27):
Usingdefaultvalue27
Lastcylinder,+cylindersor+size{K,M,G}(27-391,default391):
+200M
Command(mforhelp):
n
Commandaction
e extended
p primarypartition(1-4)
p
Partitionnumber(1-4):
3
Firstcylinder(53-391,default53):
Usingdefaultvalue53
Lastcylinder,+cylindersor+size{K,M,G}(53-391,default391):
+200M
Command(mforhelp):
n
Commandaction
e extended
p primarypartition(1-4)
e
Selectedpartition4
Firstcylinder(79-391,default79):
Usingdefaultvalue79
Lastcylinder,+cylindersor+size{K,M,G}(79-391,default391):
Usingdefaultvalue391
Command(mforhelp):
p
Disk/dev/sdb:
3221MB,3221225472bytes
255heads,63sectors/track,391cylinders
Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes
Sectorsize(logical/physical):
512bytes/512bytes
I/Osize(minimum/optimal):
512bytes/512bytes
Diskidentifier:
0x7429a3f1
DeviceBoot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 26 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 27 52 208845 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 53 78 208845 83 Linux
/dev/sdb4 79 391 2514172+ 5 Extended
至此已经分好了三个主分区与一个扩展分区sdb1~4其中计划使用sdb1与sdb2作为raid分区
所以要将raid1与raid2的标识更改为raid标识
Command(mforhelp):
t
Partitionnumber(1-5):
1
l显示所有的标识对应的含义,raid磁盘对应的标识为fd
Hexcode(typeLtolistcodes):
l
0 Empty 24 NECDOS 81 Minix/oldLinbf Solaris
1 FAT12 39 Plan9 82 Linuxswap/Soc1 DRDOS/sec(FAT-
2 XENIXroot 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec(FAT-
3 XENIXusr 40 Venix80286 84 OS/2hiddenC:
c6 DRDOS/sec(FAT-
4 FAT16<32M 41 PPCPRePBoot 85 Linuxextended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 42 SFS 86 NTFSvolumesetda Non-FSdata
6 FAT16 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFSvolumesetdb CP/M/CTOS/.
7 HPFS/NTFS 4e QNX4.x2ndpart88 Linuxplaintextde DellUtility
8 AIX 4f QNX4.x3rdpart8e LinuxLVM df BootIt
9 AIXbootable 50 OnTrackDM 93 Amoeba e1 DOSaccess
a OS/2BootManag51 OnTrackDM6Aux94 AmoebaBBT e3 DOSR/O
b W95FAT32 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95FAT32(LBA)53 OnTrackDM6Auxa0 IBMThinkpadhieb BeOSfs
e W95FAT16(LBA)54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95Ext'd(LBA)55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI(FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 56 GoldenBow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISCb
11 HiddenFAT12 5c PriamEdisk a8 DarwinUFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaqdiagnost61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 HiddenFAT16<363 GNUHURDorSysab Darwinboot f2 DOSsecondary
16 HiddenFAT16 64 NovellNetware af HFS/HFS+ fb VMwareVMFS
17 HiddenHPFS/NTF65 NovellNetware b7 BSDIfs fc VMwareVMKCORE
18 ASTSmartSleep 70 DiskSecureMultb8 BSDIswap fd Linuxraidauto
1b HiddenW95FAT375 PC/IX bb BootWizardhidfe LANstep
1c HiddenW95FAT380 OldMinix be Solarisboot ff BBT
1e HiddenW95FAT1
Hexcode(typeLtolistcodes):
fd
Changedsystemtypeofpartition1tofd(Linuxraidautodetect)
Command(mforhelp):
t
Partitionnumber(1-5):
2
Hexcode(typeLtolistcodes):
fd
Changedsystemtypeofpartition2tofd(Linuxraidautodetect)
Command(mforhelp):
p
Disk/dev/sdb:
3221MB,3221225472bytes
255heads,63sectors/track,391cylinders
Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes
Sectorsize(logical/physical):
512bytes/512bytes
I/Osize(minimum/optimal):
512bytes/512bytes
Diskidentifier:
0x7429a3f1
DeviceBoot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 26 208813+ fd Linuxraidautodetect
/dev/sdb2 27 52 208845 fd Linuxraidautodetect
/dev/sdb3 53 78 208845 83 Linux
/dev/sdb4 79 391 2514172+ 5 Extended
更改好标识后,输入w按回车保存并退出
Command(mforhelp):
w
Thepartitiontablehasbeenaltered!
Callingioctl()tore-readpartitiontable.
Syncingdisks.
再次查看当前系统分区,发现sdb由原先的未使用状态变成了4个分区
[root@localhost~]#fdisk-l|grepsd
Disk/dev/sda:
32.2GB,32212254720bytes
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 64 3917 30944256 8e LinuxLVM
Disk/dev/sdb:
3221MB,3221225472bytes
/dev/sdb1 1 26 208813+ fd Linuxraidautodetect
/dev/sdb2 27 52 208845 fd Linuxraidautodetect
/dev/sdb3 53 78 208845 83 Linux
/dev/sdb4 79 391 2514172+ 5 Extended
现在开始创建raid磁盘组,使用mdadm命令-C指定raid名称-l指定raid级别,这里以raid1为例-n指定设备的数量,这里有两个设备,sdb1与sdb2
[root@localhost~]#mdadm-C/dev/md0-l1-n2/de/sdb1//dev/sdb2
mdadm:
cannotopen/dev/sdb1:
Deviceorresourcebusy
报错信息显示资源使用中无法访问
查看md0信息发现此时已有一个md0的设备在使用sd1与sd2分区,是由于上次安装raid卸载不完全造成的
[root@localhost~]#mdadm--detail/dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version:
1.2
CreationTime:
SatNov1001:
05:
442012
RaidLevel:
raid1
ArraySize:
208801(203.94MiB213.81MB)
UsedDevSize:
208801(203.94MiB213.81MB)
RaidDevices:
2
TotalDevices:
2
Persistence:
Superblockispersistent
UpdateTime:
SatNov1001:
05:
462012
State:
clean
ActiveDevices:
2
WorkingDevices:
2
FailedDevices:
0
SpareDevices:
0
Name:
localhost.localdomain:
0 (localtohostlocalhost.localdomain)
UUID:
5984d686:
d1f3ed71:
55d427f3:
4803a8ce
Events:
17
Number Major Minor RaidDeviceState
0 8 17 0 activesync /dev/sdb1
1 8 18 1 activesync /dev/sdb2
找到问题后,使用mdadm-S命令终止md0占用sd1与sd2
[root@localhost~]#mdadm-S/dev/md0
mdadm:
stopped/dev/md0
再次查看md0信息,确认终止成功
[root@localhost~]#mdadm--detail/dev/md0
mdadm:
cannotopen/dev/md0:
Nosuchfileordirectory
重复之前创建raid的命令
[root@localhost~]#mdadm-C/dev/md0-l1-n2/de/sdb1//dev/sdb2
mdadm:
/dev/sdb1appearstocontainanext2fsfilesystem
size=208812K mtime=ThuJan 108:
00:
001970
mdadm:
/dev/sdb1appearstobepartofaraidarray:
level=raid1devices=2ctime=SatNov1001:
05:
442012
mdadm:
Note:
thisarrayhasmetadataatthestartand
maynotbesuitableasabootdevice. Ifyouplanto
store'/boot'onthisdevicepleaseensurethat
yourboot-loaderunderstandsmd/v1.xmetadata,oruse
--metadata=0.90
mdadm:
/dev/sdb2appearstocontainanext2fsfilesystem
size=208844K mtime=ThuJan 108:
00:
001970
mdadm:
/dev/sdb2appearstobepartofaraidarray:
level=raid1devices=2ctime=SatNov1001:
05:
442012
Continuecreatingarray?
y这里输入y回车
mdadm:
Defaultingtoversion1.2metadata
mdadm:
array/dev/md0started.
进入/dev目录下,ls发现新增了一个md0设备,该设备即为之前刚刚创建的raid设备
[root@localhostdev]#lsm*
[0m[40;33;01mmcelog[0m [40;33;01mmd0[0m [40;33;01mmem[0m [40;33;01mmidi[0m
mapper:
[40;33;01mcontrol[0m [01;36mVolGroup-lv_root[0m [01;36mVolGroup-lv_swap[0m
md:
md-device-map
创建好raid后给raid设备进行ext4格式格式化
[root@localhostdev]#mkfs.ext4/dev/md0
mke2fs1.41.12(17-May-2010)
Filesystemlabel=
OStype:
Linux
Blocksize=1024(log=0)
Fragmentsize=1024(log=0)
Stride=0blocks,Stripewidth=0blocks
52208inodes,208800blocks
10440blocks(5.00%)reservedforthesuperuser
Firstdatablock=1
Maximumfilesystemblocks=67371008
26blockgroups
8192blockspergroup,8192fragmentspergroup
2008inodespergroup
Superblockbackupsstoredonblocks:
8193,24577,40961,57345,73729,204801
Writinginodetables:
0/261/262/263/264/265/266/267/268/269/2610/2611/2612/2613/2614/2615/2616/2617/2618/2619/2620/2621/2622/2623/2624/2625/26done
Creatingjournal(4096blocks):
done
Writingsuperblocksandfilesystemaccountinginformation:
done
Thisfilesystemwillbeautomaticallycheckedevery30mountsor
180days,whichevercomesfirst. Usetune2fs-cor-itooverride.
格式化完成之后,进入空目录/mnt/,找到已经创建好的空目录raid/准备将其作为md0设备的mount点
[root@localhostdev]#cd/mnt/
[root@localhostmnt]#ls
[0m[01;34mhgfs[0m [01;34mraid[0m
[root@localhostmnt]#cdraid/
[root@localhostraid]#ls
挂载raid设备md0到/mnt/raid空目录下
[root@localhostraid]#mount/dev/md0/mnt/raid/
查看当前系统分区与挂载点显示挂载成功
[root@localhostraid]#df
Filesyste