土木工程概论（英文版）Chapter 5 Transportation, Bridge and harbor Engineering.pptx

土木工程概论（英文版）Chapter 5 Transportation, Bridge and harbor Engineering.pptx

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第五章交通、桥梁与港口工程Chapter5Transportation,BridgeandharborEngineering,TransportationEngineering,WhatisTransportationEngineering?

Thetransportationsystemisabasiccomponentofanyareasphysical,economic,andsocialstructure.Notonlydoesthedesignandperformanceofthetransportationsystemprovideopportunitiesformobility;butoverthelongterm,itinfluencespatternsofgrowthandthelevelofeconomicactivitythroughtheaccessibilityitprovidestheland.,WhatisTransportationEngineering?

ThefieldofTransportationEngineeringfocusesontheplanning,design,construction,andmanagementoftransportationsystems.Thesesystemsconsistofthefacilities,vehicles,controlmechanisms,andthepoliciesthatcombinetopermittheefficientconveyanceofpeopleandgoods.Designshighwaysystems（layout,routing）,pavementmaterial,airportrunways,andrapidtransitprojects.Alsoinvolvedincomputercontroloftrafficsignals.,TransportationEngineering,WhatisTransportationEngineering?

Itcontainstheplanning,design,construction,maintenance,andoperationofair,highway,andurbantransportation,aswellaspipelinefacilitiesforwater,oil,andgas.Specifictopicsincludeairportandhighwaypavementmaintenanceandperformance.Transportationsystemsincludehighways,roads,railways,inlandwaterwaysandairways.,TransportationEngineering,Theimportanceoftransportationnetwork:

Itisnecessaryforeconomic,culturalandsociallifeofpeopleofacountry.Themovementofpeopleandgoodscanonlybepossiblewithagoodtransportationnetwork.Tradeandcommercedependonthetransportationsystem.Thesecurityofacountryrequiresagoodtransportationnetwork.Thestateofadvancementofcountryisreflectedbythedevelopmentofthecountrystransportation.,TransportationEngineering,Highways:

Highwaysareconsideredthemostimportantsystembecauseofthefollowingadditionalreasons:

TheycanbeusedbyallkindsofvehiclesTheyreachallplaces,hillstotinyvillagesHighwayscanbelaidaspereconomicconditionsandasperimportancefrommudroadstoconcreteroadsAchangeinspecificationfromanordinarytoanimprovedversioncanbeeffectedwithease,TransportationEngineering,Classificationofhighways（Accordingtoitstrafficcapacity,locationandthetypesofpavementused）:

NationalhighwaysStatehighwaysMayerdistrictroadsOtherdistrictroadsVillageroads,Classificationasperroadstructure:

WaterboundmacadamroadsBitumentoproadsConcreteroads,TransportationEngineering,Considerationinplanningahighway:

Highwayshouldpassthroughimportanttownsen-routeHighwayshouldnotlieonprotectedplaceLandcostshouldbeminimumTopographicalfeaturesmayrequireacircuitousrouteMaximumusemustbemadewithexistingpathsandbridgesMaterialsandlabourshouldbeavailableallalongrouteCrossingshouldbeminimumbecausebridgesandtunnelsarecostly,TransportationEngineering,Geometriccharacteristics:

WidthCamberSuperelevationGradientVerticalcurvesHorizontalcurvesSightdistances,TransportationEngineering,TwolaneNationalhighwayinruralarea,Geometriccharacteristics:

TransportationEngineering,StructureoftheroadRigidpavementsFlexiblepavements,TransportationEngineering,Railwayengineering:

Permanentway:

Therailwaytrackincludingtheearthenformationiscalledpermanentway.Track:

Thetrackcomprisesthepartofrailsfixedtothesleeperswhichrestontheballast.Therailsarefixedsuchthattheyareparallelandseparatedexactlybyadistantcalledgauge.,TransportationEngineering,Someotherimportantcomponentsofrailways:

PointsandcrossingStationsandyardsSignalInterlocking,TransportationEngineering,Railwayengineering:

PictureofPhilipworkingontheRailTracks,TransportationEngineering,ClassificationofBridges:

Mainlyclassifiedaccordingtotheposition,material,andcharacteristicofthedeckslabaswellasthematerialandstructuralformofthearrangementwhichsupportthedeckslab.ThevariousclassificationsareUsage:

ashighway,railway,aqueductandpedestrian,Materials:

astimber,masonry,concrete,steel,prestressedandcomposite,Positionofdeckslab:

asthrough,semi-through,anddeck,Structuralfrom:

Asarch,slab,beam,andsuspension,Movementofdeckslab:

asBascule,verticalliftetc.,TransportationEngineering,Basicbridgesforms:

Thebeamform:

steelbridges,RCslabbridges,teebeambridges,continuousbeambridges,balancedcantilever.,ThearchformThesuspensionform,Othertypesofbridges:

MovablebridgesSwingbridgesBasculebridgesVerticalliftbridgesPontoonbridgesCausewaysCablestayedbridges,TransportationEngineering,bridgesforms:

TransportationEngineering,TransportationEngineering,Teebeambridge,Continuousbridge,bridgesforms:

TransportationEngineering,bridgesforms:

TransportationEngineering,Bridgescomponents:

Foundations:

Theycarryheavyloads.Abutmentandpiers:

Piersareverticalsupportstothebridgestructure.Bearing:

Amechanicalarrange