土木工程概论（英文版）Chapter 5 Transportation, Bridge and harbor Engineering.pptx

1、第五章交通、桥梁与港口工程 Chapter 5 Transportation,Bridge and harbor Engineering,Transportation Engineering,What is Transportation Engineering?The transportation system is a basic component of any areas physical,economic,and social structure.Not only does the design and performance of the transportation system

2、provide opportunities for mobility;but over the long term,it influences patterns of growth and the level of economic activity through the accessibility it provides the land.,What is Transportation Engineering?The field of Transportation Engineering focuses on the planning,design,construction,and man

3、agement of transportation systems.These systems consist of the facilities,vehicles,control mechanisms,and the policies that combine to permit the efficient conveyance of people and goods.Designs highway systems(layout,routing),pavement material,airport runways,and rapid transit projects.Also involve

4、d in computer control of traffic signals.,Transportation Engineering,What is Transportation Engineering?It contains the planning,design,construction,maintenance,and operation of air,highway,and urban transportation,as well as pipeline facilities for water,oil,and gas.Specific topics include airport

5、and highway pavement maintenance and performance.Transportation systems include highways,roads,railways,inland waterways and airways.,Transportation Engineering,The importance of transportation network:It is necessary for economic,cultural and social life of people of a country.The movement of peopl

6、e and goods can only be possible with a good transportation network.Trade and commerce depend on the transportation system.The security of a country requires a good transportation network.The state of advancement of country is reflected by thedevelopment of the countrys transportation.,Transportatio

7、n Engineering,Highways:Highways are considered the most important system because of the following additional reasons:They can be used by all kinds of vehiclesThey reach all places,hills to tiny villagesHighways can be laid as per economic conditions and as per importance from mud roads to concrete r

8、oadsA change in specification from an ordinary to an improved version can be effected with ease,Transportation Engineering,Classification of highways(According to its traffic capacity,location and the types of pavement used):,National highways State highways Mayer district roads Other district roads

9、 Village roads,Classification as per road structure:Water bound macadam roadsBitumen top roadsConcrete roads,Transportation Engineering,Consideration in planning a highway:Highway should pass through important towns en-routeHighway should not lie on protected placeLand cost should be minimumTopograp

10、hical features may require a circuitous routeMaximum use must be made with existing paths and bridgesMaterials and labour should be available all along routeCrossing should be minimum because bridges and tunnels are costly,Transportation Engineering,Geometric characteristics:WidthCamberSuper elevati

11、onGradientVertical curvesHorizontal curvesSight distances,Transportation Engineering,Two lane National highway in rural area,Geometric characteristics:,Transportation Engineering,Structure of the roadRigid pavementsFlexible pavements,Transportation Engineering,Railway engineering:Permanent way:The r

12、ailway track including the earthen formation is called permanent way.Track:The track comprises the part of rails fixed to the sleepers which rest on the ballast.The rails are fixed such that they are parallel and separated exactly by a distant called gauge.,Transportation Engineering,Some other impo

13、rtant components of railways:Points and crossingStations and yardsSignalInterlocking,Transportation Engineering,Railway engineering:Picture of Philip working on the Rail Tracks,Transportation Engineering,Classification of Bridges:Mainly classified according to the position,material,and characteristi

14、c of the deck slab as well as the material and structural form of the arrangement which support the deck slab.The various classifications areUsage:as highway,railway,aqueduct and pedestrian,Materials:as timber,masonry,concrete,steel,prestressed and composite,Position of deck slab:as through,semi-thr

15、ough,and deck,Structural from:As arch,slab,beam,and suspension,Movement of deck slab:as Bascule,vertical lift etc.,Transportation Engineering,Basic bridges forms:The beam form:steel bridges,RC slab bridges,tee beam bridges,continuous beam bridges,balanced cantilever.,The arch formThe suspension form

16、,Other types of bridges:Movable bridgesSwing bridgesBascule bridgesVertical lift bridgesPontoon bridgesCausewaysCable stayed bridges,Transportation Engineering,bridges forms:,Transportation Engineering,Transportation Engineering,Tee beam bridge,Continuous bridge,bridges forms:,Transportation Engineering,bridges forms:,Transportation Engineering,Bridges components:Foundations:They carry heavy loads.Abutment and piers:Piers are vertical supports to the bridge structure.Bearing:A mechanical arrange