职称英语考试理工B真题及答案完整版.docx
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职称英语考试理工B真题及答案完整版
2021年职称英语理工B真题
第一局部:
词汇选项〔第1~15题,每题1分,共15分〕
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线,请为每处画线局部确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.Allhouseswithin100metersoftheseasare(atriskof)flooding.
A.indanger
B.outofcontrol
C.betweenequals
D.inparticular
2.Thecoursesgivesyoubasic(instruction)inmaintenance.
A.idea
B.term
C.aspect
D.coaching
3.Weareawareofthe(potential)problems.
A.possible
B.global
C.ongoing
D.central
4.Stockmarketprice(tumbled)afterrumorofariseininterestrate.
A.regulated
B.increased
C.fell
D.maintained
5.The(revelation)ofhispastledtohisresignation.
A.imagination
B.confirmation
C.recall
D.disclosure
6.Thedetailsofthecostumeweretotally(authentic).
A.real
B.outstanding
C.creative
D.false
7.Thenew(garment)fitsherperfectly.
A.haircut
B.purse
C.clothes
D.necklace
8.Weareworriedaboutthis(fluid)situationfullwithuncertainty.
A.stable
B.suitable
C.changeable
D.adaptable
9.Theideawasquite(brilliant).
A.positive
B.key
C.original
D.clever
10.Theyhavebuiltcanalsto(irrigate)thedesert.
A.decorate
B.change
C.water
D.visit
11.Heroveralllanguageproficiencyremainsthatofa(toddler).
A.disabled
B.pupil
C.baby
D.teenager
12.Thecoastalareahasvery(mild)winter,butthecentralplainsremainextremelycold.
A.warm
B.severe
C.hard
D.dry
13.Thephobiamayhaveitsrootsinachildhood(trauma).
A.fear
B.joy
C.hurt
D.memory
14.Youwillhaveto(sprint)ifyouwanttocatchthetrain.
A.jump
B.run
C.escape
D.prepare
15.Jesenisadangerousman,andcanbevery(brutal).
A.careless
B.strong
C.cruel
D.hard
第二局部:
阅读判断〔第16~22题,每题1分,共7分〕
下面的短文列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。
TheTheoryofEverything
IfStephenHawkinglivesuntiltheyear2021,hewillhavelivedmorethan50yearslongerthanNsdoctorsexpected.Whenhewasacollegestudent,doctorsdiscoveredthathehadararedisease.Thisdiseasecausesagradualdisintegration(分解)ofthenervecellsinthebraincellsthatregulatevoluntarymuscleactivity.Deathalmostalwaysoccurswithintwoorthreeyears.
TodayStephenHawkingcannotwalkorspeak.Hecannotmovehisarmsorhishead.Hecannottasteofsmellanything.AndyetthismanisProfessorofMathematicsatCambridgeUniversity,apositionheldbythefamousscientistIsaacNewtonin1669.
HawkingIsoftendescribedasthegreatestscientistsinceAlbertEinstein,buttotheworldoutsidescience.Heisalsoknownasthemanwhomadescientifictheoryunderstandable.Hisbook,ABriefHistoryofTime,hassoldovereightmillioncopies.
Hesaysthatsincehedoesnothavetothinkabouthisbodyordoanyofthethingsothermenhavetoworryabout,suchaswashingthecarorworkingintheyard,hecandedicateallofhistimetothinking.Thisputshimintheperfectpositiontofindtheanswertothequestionthathehasdedicatedhislifeto.Hisquestionis:
Isthereacompletetheoryoftheuniverseandeverythinginit?
Despitehistremendousphysicaldisabilities,hehasalreadymadesomeveryimportantdiscoveriesabouttheoriginoftheuniverse,howtheuniverseholdstogether,andhowitwillprobablyend.Hehasalsobeenabletoexplainthesecretsof“blackholes〞inspace.Nowheislookingforasetofrulesthateverythinginouruniversemustobey.HecallsittheTheoryofEverything.Hethinksthatsomeonewillhavefoundtheanswerwithinthenext20years.
IfStephenHawkingitabletofindhisTheoryofEverything,hewillhavegiventheworldtheopportunitytounderstandthingsthatwillchangethewholenatureofscienceandprobablyalsothewaywelive.
16. StephenHawkingwillbe50yearsoldby2021.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
17. StephenHawkingsuffersfromararebraindisease.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
18. StephenHawkingisProfessorofMathematicsatCambridgeUniversity.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
19. ABriefHistoryofTimeisverydifficultforstudentstounderstand.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
20. StephenHawkinghasmuchtimetothinkbecausehedoesn'thavetowork.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
21. StephenHawkinghasspentaroundtenyearsexplainingthesecretsof……….
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
22. TheTheoryofEverythingIsabouttherulesthateverythingintheuniversefollows.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
第三局部:
概况大意与完成句子〔第23~30题,每题1分,共8分〕
下面的短文后有2项测试任务:
〔1〕第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2~5段每段选择1个最正确选项标题;〔2〕第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最正确选项。
Geothermal〔地热〕Energy
1Sinceheatnaturallymovesfromhotterregionstocoolerones,theheatfromtheearth'scenterflowsoutwardstowardsthesurface.Inthisway,ittransferstothenextlayerofrock.Ifthetemperatureishighenough,someofthisrockmeltsandformsmagma(岩浆).Themagmaascendsinitsturntowardstheearth'ssurface.Itoftenremainswellbelowtheearth'ssurface,creatingvastareasofhotrock.Insuchregions,therearedeepcracks,whichallowrainwatertodescendunderground.Someoftheheatedrainwatertravelsbackuptotheearth'ssurfacewhereitwillappearasahotspring.However,ifthisascendinghotwaterreachesalayerofimpermeable〔不可渗透的〕rock,itremainstrapped,formingageothermalreservoir.Ifgeothermalreservoirsarecloseenoughtothesurface,theycanbereachedbydrillingwells.Hotwaterandsteamshootupthewellsnaturally,andcanbeusedtoproduceelectricityingeothermalpowerplants.
2Afewgeothermalpowerplantsdependondry-stemreservoirswhichproducesteambutlittleornowater.Inthesecases,thesteamispipedupdirectlytoprovidethepowertospinaturbinegenerator.Thefirstgeothermalpowerplant,constructedatLardarelloinItaly,wasofthistype,andisstillproducingelectricitytoday.
3Mostcurrentlyoperatinggeothermalpowerplantsareeither"flash"steamplantsorbinary〔双重的〕plants.Flashplantsproducemainlyhotwaterrangingintemperaturefrom300°to700°Fahrenheit.Thiswaterispassedthroughoneortwoseparatorswherereleasedfromthepressureoftheundergroundreservoir,it"flashes"orboilsintosteamAgain,theforceofthissteamprovidestheenergytospintheturbineandproduceelectricity.Thegeothermalwaterandsteamarethenreinjecteddirectlybackdownintotheearthtomaintainthevolumeandpressureofthereservoir.Graduallytheywillbereheatedandcanthenbeusedagain.
A.Drysteamplants
B.Binaryplants
C.Originofgeothermalenergy
D.Generationofelectricity
E.Flashsteamplants
F.Recyclablewaterandsteam
4Areservoirwithtemperaturesbelow300°Fahrenheitisnothotenoughtoflashsteambutitcanstillbeusedtogenerateelectricityinbinaryfluid.Thesteamfromthisisusedtopowertheturbines.Asintheflashsteamplant,thegeothermalwaterisrecycledbackintothereservoir.
23.Paragraph1_____C____
24.Paragraph2____A_____
25.Paragraph3____E_____
26.Paragraph4____B_____
27.Ageothermalreservoirisformedwhenhotwateristrappedunder__B____.
28.Adry-steamreservoirproducessteamwith___D___.
29.Flashplantsproducehotwaterthrough___C__.
30.Inabinaryplant,theheatofthegeothermalwatercanbeconvertedinto__A____.
Atheenergytoturnaturbine
B.impermeablerock
C.oneortwoseparators
D.turbineoperator
E.littleornowater
F.hotsprings
第四局部:
阅读理解〔第30~45题,每题3分,共45分〕
下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。
请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最正确选项。
第一篇:
CanYouHearThis?
Whensomethingcreatesasoundwaveinaroomoranauditorium(礼堂),listenershearthesoundwavedirectlyfromthesource.Theyalsohearthereflectionsasthesoundbouncesoffthewalls,floor,andceiling.Thesearecalledthereflectedwaveorreverberant(反射的)sound,whichcanbeheardevenafterthesoundisnolongercomingfromthesource.
Thereverberationtimeofanauditoriumisdeterminedbythevolumeorinteriorsizeoftheauditorium.Itisalsodeterminedbyhowwellorhowpoorlythewalls,ceiling,floor,andcontentsoftheroom(includingthepeople)absorbsound.Thereisnoidealreverberationtime.Thefull-soundperformanceofmusicsuchasWagneroperasorMahlersymphoniesshouldhavealongreverberationtime.Thelight,rapidmusicalpassagesofBachorMozartneedareverberationtimesomewherebetween.
Acousticproblemsoftenarecausedbypoorauditoriumdesign.Smooth,curved(弯曲的)reflectingsurfacescreatelargereflections.Parallel(平行的)wallsreflectsoundbackandforth,creatingarapid,repetitivepulsing(有节奏的跳动)effect.Largepillars(柱)andcornerscancauseacousticshadowsasthesoundwavestrytopassaroundtheobject.Someoftheseproblemscanbesolvedbyusingabsorbersandreflectorstochangethereverberationtimeofaroom.Forexample,hanginglargereflectors,calledclouds,overtheperformerswillallowsomesoundfrequenciestoreflectandotherstopassyoachieveapleasingmixtureofsound.
31.ThisPassageismainlyabout________.
A.soundwavesandtheiracousticeffect.
B.thetypesofmusicorchestrasplay
C.wallsofanauditorium
D.thedesignofanauditorium
32.WagneroperasandMahlersymphoniessoundfullerinanauditoriumwith________.
A.ashortreverberationtime
B.alongreverberationtime
C.anintermediatereverberationtime
D.noreverberationtime
33.Thispassagesuggeststhatagoodauditoriumshould________.
A.achieveapleasingmixtureofsound
B.getridofallreflections
C.nothaveabsorbers.
D.havesmoothsurfaces
34.Largepillarsandcornersmay________.
A.makesoundrichandfull
B.becuresforsoundproblems
C.besourcesofsoundproblems
D.functionaswellas