四级阅读理解模拟题.docx
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四级阅读理解模拟题
I’musuallyfairlyskepticalaboutanyresearchthatconcludesthatpeopleareeitherhappierorunhappierormoreorlesscertainofthemselvesthantheywere50yearsago.Whileanyofthesestatementsmightbetrue, theyarepracticallyimpossibletoprovescientifically.Still,Iwasstruckbyareportwhichconcludedthattoday’schildrenaresignificantlymoreanxiousthanchildreninthe1950s.Infact,theanalysisshowed,normalchildrenages9to17exhibitahigherlevelofanxietytodaythanchildrenwhoweretreatedformentalillness50yearsago.
WhyareAmerica’skidssostressed?
Thereportcitestwomaincauses:
increasingphysicalisolation—broughtonbyhighdivorceratesandlessinvolvementincommunity,amongotherthings—andagrowingperceptionthattheworldisamoredangerousplace.
Giventhatwecan’tturntheclockback,adultscanstilldoplentytohelpthenextgenerationcope.
Atthetopofthelistisnurturing(哺育)abetterappreciationofthelimitsofindividualism.Nochildisanisland.Strengtheningsocialtieshelpsbuildcommunitiesandprotectindividualsagainststress.
Tohelpkidsbuildstrongerconnectionswithothers,youcanpulltheplugonTVsandcomputers.Yourfamilywillthankyoulater.Theywillhavemoretimeforface-to-facerelationships,andtheywillgetmoresleep.
Limittheamountofvirtual(虚拟)violenceyourchildrenareexposedto.It’snotjustvideogamesandmovies;childrenseealotofmurderandcrimeonthelocalnews.
Keepyourexpectationsforyourchildrenreasonable.ManyhighlysuccessfulpeopleneverattendedHarvardorYale.
Makeexercisepartofyourdailyroutine.Itwillhelpyoucopewithyourownanxietiesandprovideagoodmodelforyourkids.Sometimesanxietyisunavoidable.Butitdoesn’thavetoruinyourlife.
21.Theauthorthinksthattheconclusionsofanyresearchaboutpeople’sstateofmindare________.
A)surprisingB)confusingC)illogical D)questionable
22.Whatdoestheauthormeanwhenhesays,“wecan’tturntheclockback”(Line1,Para.3)?
A)It’simpossibletoslowdownthepaceofchange.
B)Thesocialrealitychildrenarefacingcannotbechanged.
C)Lessonslearnedfromthepastshouldnotbeforgotten.
D)It’simpossibletoforgetthepast.
23.Accordingtoananalysis,comparedwithnormalchildrentoday,childrentreatedasmentallyill50yearsago________.
A)werelessisolatedphysically
B)wereprobablylessself-centered
C)probablysufferedlessfromanxiety
D)wereconsideredlessindividualistic
24.Thefirstandmostimportantthingparentsshoulddotohelptheirchildrenis________.
A)toprovidethemwithasaferenvironment
B)tolowertheirexpectationsforthem
C)togetthemmoreinvolvedsocially
D)tosetagoodmodelforthemtofollow
25.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?
A)Anxiety,thoughunavoidable,canbecopedwith.
B)Children’sanxietyhasbeenenormouslyexaggerated.
C)Children’sanxietycanbeeliminatedwithmoreparentalcare.
D)Anxiety,ifproperlycontrolled,mayhelpchildrenbecomemature.
参照答案:
DBCCA
Theprocessofperceivingothersisrarelytranslated(toourselvesorothers)intocold,objectiveterms."Shewas5feet8inchestall,hadfairhair,andworeacoloredskirt."Moreoften,wetrytogetinsidetheotherpersontopinpoint(强调)hisorherattitudes,emotions,motivations,abilities,ideas,andcharacters.Furthermore,wesometimesbehaveasifwecanaccomplishthisdifficultjobveryquickly—perhapswithatwo-secondglance.
ways.Bergersuggestsseveralmethodsforreducinguncertaintiesaboutothers;whoareknowntoyousoyoucancomparetheobservedperson'sbehaviorwiththeknownothers'behavior,observingapersoninasituationwheresocialbehaviorisrelativelyunrestrainedorwhereawidevarietyofbehavioralresponsesarecalledfor,deliberatelystructuringthephysicalorsocialenvironmentsoastoobservetheperson'sresponsestospecificstimuli(刺激因素),askingpeoplewhohavehadorhavefrequentcontactwiththepersonabouthimorher,andusingvariousstrategiesinface-to-faceinteractiontouncoverinformationaboutanotherperson—question,self-disclosures,andsoon.
Gettingtoknowsomeoneisanever-endingtask,largelybecausepeopleareconstantlychangingandthemethodsweusetoobtaininformationareoftenimprecise.Youmayhaveknownsomeonefortenyearsandstillknowverylittleabouthim.Ifweaccepttheideathatwewon'teverfullyknowanotherperson,itenablesustodealmoreeasilywiththosethingsthatgetinthewayofaccurateknowledgesuchassecretsanddeceptions.Itwillalsokeepusfrombeingtoosurprisedorshockedbyseeminglyinconsistentbehavior.Ironically,thosethingsthatkeepusfromknowinganotherpersontoowell(e.g.secretsanddeceptions)maybejustasimportanttothedevelopmentofasatisfyingrelationshipasthosethingsthatenableustoobtainaccurateknowledgeaboutaperson(e.g.disclosuresandtruthfulstatement).
21.Accordingtothepassage,ifweperceiveaperson,wearelikelytobeinterestedin
A.whathewearsB.howtallheis
C.howhappyheisD.whatcolorhedyeshishair
22.Somepeopleareoftensurprisedbywhatotherpeopledo.AccordingtoBerger,thatismainlybecause_______.
A.somepeoplearemoreemotionalthanothers
B.somepeoplearenotawareofthefactthatwewillnevercompletelyknowanotherperson
C.somepeoplearesensitiveenoughtosensethechangeofotherpeople'sattitudes
D.somepeoplechoosetokeeptothemselves
23.Wemayhaveknownsomeonefortenyearsandstillknowverylittleabouthimbecause_______.
A.wedon'taccepttheideathatwemightneverfullyknowanotherperson
B.weoftengetinformationinacasualandinexactway
C.wepaymoreattentiontootherpeople'smotivationsandemotions?
62?
D.weoftenhaveface-to-faceconversationwithhim
24.Therearethingsthatwefindpreventingusfromknowingothers.Thesethingsare
A.disclosuresB.deceptions
C.stimuliD.interactions
25.Thispassagemainlyconcerns_______.
A.therelationshipbetweenpeopleB.theperceptionofotherpeople
C.secretsanddeceptionsofpeopleD.people'sattitudesandcharacters
参照答案:
21.C22.B23.B24.B25.B
Asthe11oflifecontinuestoincrease,wearefastlosingtheartofrelaxation.Onceyouareinhabitofrushingthroughlife,beingonthegofrommorningtillnight,itishardtoslowdown.Butrelaxationisessentialforahealthymindandbody.
Stressisanaturalpartofeverydaylifeandthereisnowaytoavoidit.Infact,itisnotthebadthingitisoften12tobe.Acertainamountofstressis13toprovidemotivationandgivepurposetolife.Itisonlywhenthestressgetsoutofcontrolthatitcanleadtopoor14andillhealth.
Theamountofstressapersoncan15dependsverymuchontheindividual.Somepeoplearenotafraidofstress,andsuchcharactersare16primematerialformanagerialresponsibilities.Othersloseheartatthefirstsignsof17difficulties.Whenexposedtostress,inwhateverform,wereactbothchemicallyandphysically.Infactwemakechoicebetween"fight"or"flight"andinmoreprimitivedaysthechoicesmadethedifferencebetweenlifeordeath.Thecriseswemeettodayareunlikelytobeso18,buthoweverlittlethestress,itinvolvesthesameresponse.Itiswhensuchareactionlastslong,throughcontinued19tostress,thathealthbecomesendangered.Suchseriousconditionsashighbloodpressureandheartdiseasehaveestablishedlinkswithstress.Sincewecannot20stressfromourlives(itwouldbeunwisetodosoevenifwecould),weneedtofindwaystodealwithit.
A.cancelB.paceC.extremeD.automatically
E.removeF.vitalG.performanceH.supposed
I.rateJ.exposureK.achievementL.unusual
MobviouslyNwithstandOharsh
参照答案:
11.B12.H13.F14.G15.N16.M17.L18.C19.J20.E
Intheearlydaysofnuclearpower,theUnitedStatesmakemoneyonit.Buttodayopponents(反对者)havesocomplicateditsdevelopmentthatnonuclearplantshavebeenorderedorbuiltherein12years.
Thegreatestfearofnuclearpoweropponentshasalwaysbeenareactor"meltdown".Today,thechancesofameltdownthatwouldthreatenU.S.publichealthareverylittle.Buttoevenfurtherreducethepossibility,engineersaretestingnewreactorsthatrelynotonhumanjudgmenttoshutthemdownbutonthelawsofnature.NowGeneralElectricisalreadybuildingtwoadvancedreactorsinJapan.Butdon'texpectthemevenonU.S.shoresunlessthingschangeinWashington.
Theprocedureforlicensingnuclearpowerplantsisabaddream.Anytimeduring,orevenafter,construction,anobjectionbyanygrouporindividualcanbringeverythingtoahaltwhilethematterisinvestigatedortakentocourt.Meanwhile,thebuildermustaddnice-but-not-necessaryimprovements,someofwhichforcehimtoknockdownwallsandstartover.Ineverycasewhenaplanthasbeenopposed,theNuclearRegulationCommissionhasultimatelygrantedalicensetoconstructoroperate.Butthevictoryoftencostssomuchthattheutilityendsupabandoningtheplantanyway.
AcaseinpointistheShorehamplantonNewYork'sLongIsland.ShorehamwasavirtualtwintotheMillstoneplantinConnecticut,bothorderedinthemid-60's.Millstone,completedfor$101million,hasbeengeneratingelectricityfortwodecades.Shoreham,however,wassingledoutbyantinuclearactivistswho,bysendinginendlessprotests,drovethecostover$5billionanddelayeditsuseformanyyears.
Shorehamfinallywonitsoperationlicense.Buttheplanthasneverproducedawattpower.GovernorMarioCuomo,anopponentofa