5A版常用的鞋子分类英文General Glossary of Shoe Types.docx

5A版常用的鞋子分类英文General Glossary of Shoe Types.docx

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5A版常用的鞋子分类英文GeneralGlossaryofShoeTypes

常用的鞋子分类英文GeneralGlossaryofShoeTypes

GeneralGlossaryofShoeTypes

Justasanote,thereisoftenawidedivergencebetweenthetermsusedbymodernshoemakersandthetermsusedbymodernarcheologistsandcalceolgists.Weknowveryfewofthetermsusedbymedievalshoemakers,andfewerstillthosetermsusedbyEnglishshoemakers（sincethisdocumentisinEnglish）.Therefore,mostofthesetermswillbemodern.Thosethataremedievalshoemakingtermswillbenotedinitalics.Modernshoemakingjargontermswillbeinboldface,andgivenpreference.Termsthatarenotdocumentablymedieval,butlikelyare,willbegiveninboldfaceditalics.Modernarcheologicaljargontermswillbeunderlined（Pleasetrynottoconfusethesewithhyperlinks,whicharealsounderlined）.Specificsourceswillbenamedin[brackets].

Manyoftheshoesdiscussedbelowarenotmedieval,butmaybeindicativeofatype

Albert

Amen'sslipperstylewithatonguelikeeGtensionoftheupperovertheinstep.[www.shoeworld.co.uk/shoeworld/help/glossary.html;

Alpargata

Atypeofsandalmadefromwovencord.Ithasashapedsoleandattachedstraps.ItisworninFrance,SpainandItaly.

Ankleshoe（AnkleBoot）

Anitemoffootwear,andasubsetof"boot",wherethetopisapproGimatelyontheanklejoint,oreGtendsjustabovetheankle.

Basan（Othermedievalspellingsinclude:

Basĕn,Baseyn,Basan（n）e,Basyn,Bazan,Bazen（n）e）

Theword’searliestappearanceseemstobeabout1300,althoughatleastonesourcehassuggestedthatitwasalsousedforastyleofAnglo-Normanridingbootwornbytheclergy.

Batts

Atypeofshoe,generallypopularwithwomeninthe17thand18thcentury.Itresembledtheheaviermen's"Blackjack"shoewithlatchetstiedorbuckledoverthetongue.

"Blackjack"

AtypeofOGfordshoe,madefromJackLeather,withlatchetstiedorbuckledoverthetongue.（Maynotbeacorrectname）

Boot,Bote（Othermedievalspellingsinclude:

Bat,Bate,But,Bute,Buyt,Latin:

Bota/Botarum,Ocrea）

AfamilyoftypesoffootweareGtendingabovetheankle,andmayendjustabovetheankle,calflength,kneehigh,orthighhigh.Cokersandhuesesareprobablytypesofbotes.Abotemaylackanyclosure,ormaybelaced,buckledorbuttoned.Basedondocumentaryevidenceandillustrations,boteswerewornbylaborers,huntersorriders.Thismayalsorefertoatypeoflegging,orleatherhose.

Anitemoffootwear,thelegofwhicheGtendsatleastto,orabove,theanklejoint,andmaybeanankleboot,calf,kneeorthighboot.[Thornton/Swann,1983][Webber,1989][Grew/deNeergaard,1988]

Aclosedformoffootwearreachingovertheankleorhigher,andlackingafasteningopening,fasteningorclosure.[Goubitz,20GG]

Acoveringforthefootandlowerpartoftheleg,usuallyofleather.（DistinguishedfromaSHOEbyeGtendingabovetheankle.Inearliertimesusedonlybyriders.）[OED]

Boot,DemiChase

Boot,FullChase

Bote（Othermedievalspellingsinclude:

Bat,Bate,But,Bute,Buyt,BootLatin:

Bota/Botarum,Ocrea）

AfamilyoftypesoffootweareGtendingabovetheankle,andmayendjustabovetheankle,calflength,kneehigh,orthighhigh.Cokersandhuesesareprobablytypesofbotes.Abotemaylackanyclosure,ormaybelaced,buckledorbuttoned.Basedondocumentaryevidenceandillustrations,boteswerewornbylaborers,huntersorriders.Thismayalsorefertoatypeoflegging,orleatherhose.

Boteu（Othermedievalspellingsinclude:

Bateau,Botewes,Butewe,Buttwe.Butewes,Buttows,Buttois,LowbootsLatin:

Coturnus,Botula,Crepita）

Akindoflowboots,reachingabovetheankleandperhapsashighasthecalf.

Botew

Akindofbootthatreacheduptheleg,oftentoovertheknee.InLatinOcreola.[PromptoriumParvalorum]

BroadToedShoes（Othertermsinclude:

Bearpaw,Bear'sClaw,Cowmouth,Escarpin,Hornbill,Horned,Kuhmaul,Scarpina,Solleret）

Towardstheendofthe15thcentury,asinterestforpointedtoedshoeswanedamongthestylish,thefashiondriftedtowardsmoreblunt,squared-offtoes.However,aswiththecrakowes,thebroadtoedshoeseventuallybecamegrosslyeGaggerated.Thesestyleswerelimitedattimestoamere6incheswide.TheywereoftenwornbytheGermanmercenarysoldiers.Unfortunately,IamunawareofareallygoodtermfromtheerainEnglishtodescribethese,andmostofthetermsthathavebeenusedalsomeanotherthingsaswell.Alsomanyofthesedorepresentvariationsinstyles.

Brodequin

（Brodequin,Cothurnus,Corthurnus,Korthornos,Scin-hose,Socca,Soccus,Sokke）

A15thcenturyboot,reachingthecalvesorknees.Thesearereferredtobymanynamesthatarealsousedforothersortsoffootwear.Mostoftentheyareerroneouslyreferredtopasbuskins.

Brogue（Brogan,Rullian）

Alow,sturdyshoeforcountrywear,ofScottish/IrisheGtraction.Originallyahobnailed"Carbatine".

Budapest

Awell-knownfull-brogueDerbystyleofshoewithahightoecap.[Vass]

Buskin

Buskinisa16thcenturywordforatypeofsoftleatherbootreachingthecalforknee,orperhapsashorterlacedboot,possiblyderivingfromthe15thcenturybrodeguin.Startinginthe16thcentury,historiansstartedreferringotherfootwear,suchastheancientGreekcothurnus/corthurnus/korthornos,as"buskins"becausetheyvaguelylooklikeBuskins,leadingtomuchconfusionaboutwhatabuskinreallyis.Ithasalsobeen,usedtorefertolowstockingsandhoseofleather,linen,silk,orembroideredandbrocadedfabrics.SeealsoSocc.

Calc（Latin:

Calciamenta）

AnAngloSaGontermforaformofsandal[Owen-Crocker].

Caligae

IntheMiddleAgesthisreferredtoatypeofclericalfootwear.HistoricallythenamederivedfromtheRomanCaligae,thebootswornby1stcenturyRomansoldiers.

Calopedes

ALatintermforwoodensoledshoes.SeePattens.Also,thismayrefertoasortofAngloSaGoneraclericalfootwear,possiblybecausetheyhadwoodensoles.

Carbatine（Karbatine?

）

One-pieceshoeswithsolesandupperscutfromasinglepieceofleather.Theedgeswerecutintoloopsthroughwhichalacingpulledtheupperstogether.Acenterseamshoemadefromasinglepieceofleatherwithasinglesoleandanopenworkupperfastenedbyalace.ThisgeneraltypeofshoewasamongtheearliestofshoesamongtheGreeks,RomansandearlyCelticpeoples.ItcontinuedtobewornwellintotheMiddleAgesinto1000CE,andincertainareaswaswornintothe20thcentury.EGamplesincludetheearlier"brogue",andtherivelins,pampooties,andopankes.

Theterm"Carbatina"appearsinCatullus98（97）4"possisculosetcrepidaslingerecarpatinas...".LewisandShortdescribesitasequivalenttotheGreek"karbatíne","akindofrusticleathershoe";Folletdefinesitas"shoesofundressedleather,brogues,mocassins."Genophon:

"somewhoseshoeshadwornouthadmadethemselveskarbatinai（gen.fempl.）outoffreshflayedoGhide",orundressed"raw"hide.HesychiusreferstoKarbatina（gen.neu.pl）as"arustic'sfootwearofonelayerofleather".PolluGclaimsthetermreferstotheCarians.Itisanadjective,Karbatinos/Karbatina/Karbatinon,thatsimplymeans"madeofleather".（MythankstoBambiWimett,BrianO'Donnell,HeatherRoseJonesandJudyGerjouy,fortheirhelphere）.

Chaucer（Othermedievalspellingsinclude:

Chauceor,Chaude-pis,Chaude-pisse,Chau-pis,Chau-pisse,Chauser,Chausses,Chausure）

Leggingsorhoseofleatherormaille.Theyarepossiblyrelatedtohueses.

Chopines（Othermedievalspellingincludes:

Shopines）

High,corksoledshoesinthe16thcentury.Thesedevelopedintothepantofle.ThereallyeGaggeratedstyleswerenotseeninEngland.

Clog（Clogge）

"Acountryman'sshoe".Woodensoledshoe,ormorespecificallyawoodensolewithaleatheruppernailedtoit.Awoodenorwooden-soledshoe,bootorovershoe.17th-18thcenturyclogovershoeshadonlyawedgeofwood.[Thornton/Swann,1983]

IntheMiddleAges,thisreferredtoatypeofovershoewithawoodensoleheldonbystraps.SeealsoPattens.

Inthe18thcenturyandlater,thisreferredtoawoman'sovershoemadefromleatherorclothwithacovered-corkblockbuiltuptosupportthewaistoftheshoeworninside[Saguto]

Awoodenshoe.

Coker（Othermedievalspellingsinclude:

Cokyr,Cocur,Cuker,Quequer,Latin:

Cocurus,Coturnus,Ocrea）

Thistermreferstoashortlacedboot,oralacedleggingwornbyfarmers,hunters,fishermentoprotectthelegs.[PromptoriumParvalorum]InlatertermsthisseemstobewhatdevelopesintotheHigh/Low.Otherauthorswanttorefertorevelinsascokers.

Corkedshoes

Shoesmadewithanysortofcorksole.

Cowmouth（SeeSolleret）.

Crakowe（Crakow,Cracowes,Krakau,Krakow,Poulaine）

A14thcenturyshoewithalongpointedtoe,peakorpike.

Crinc

AnAngloSaGontermforaformofsandal[Owen-Crocker].

Derby

Anopen-lacedstyleofshoewidespreadinEurope,oftendoublestitchedanddoublesoled.Alsoknownas"Bluchers."themostcommonvariantsareplain,full-brogues,andsemi-brogues.[Vass]

EaredShoe

Inthe16thcenturyfollowingalongperiodofpointedshoes,toesbecameverysquareandwide;forashorttime,c.1535-55,thecornersofthetoewereeGtendedsidewaysresemblingears.

Espadrille（Scarpetti）

Ashoemadewithasoleofbraidedcordorrope,withcanvasuppers.ItisworninItaly,FranceandSpain.TheScarpettiisashoewornforrockclimbing.

EstivauG（Aestivales）

ApparentlyatypeofbootsmadefromeGpensivefabricintheAngloNormanperiod.

Full-brogue

Atypeofshoedecoratedwithperforatedpatterns,withwingedtoecapsandrowsofperforations.[Vass]

Galoshes（Galliochios,"GaulishShoes",Galegge,Galoch）.

SeeOvershoe.

Inmedievalparlance,aclogorpatten.Wooden-soledshoeswithleatherstrapsintendedtoprotectshoesfromroughstonepavements.WorninoneformoranotherfromtheRomanerauntiltheAmericanColonialEra.InLatin,Calopodla.

Gamashe（Othermedievalspellingsinclude:

Gamash,Gamachio,Gamache）

Akindofleggingofcloth,worntoprotectthelegsfrommud,dirtandwet.

Golfingshoes

Sportsshoesthatareoftenhandmade.Thetopsoleisfittedwithninetoelevenspikesforincreasedstabilityongrasscoveredground.[Vass]

Half-brogue

Seesemi-brogue.

HighShoe（Othermedievalspellingsinclude:

HeighScoh,Scoh,Unhege-SceoModerntermsinclude:

AnkleBoot,AnkleShoe,Halfboot）

AshoethateGtendstotheankle,orslightlyhigher.Thereisnowaytobemorespecificbetweenthehighshoeandlowboot,asthemedievalmeaningarenotclear.

Hueses（Hauses,Husseaus）

Akindofleggingorhose.Alsopossiblybootsthatreachthethigh.Theycanhavepikes,andsomaybefootedhosewithleathersoles.Theyarepossiblyrelatedtochaucers.

Leggings（Chauses,Gaiters,Gamashes,Hueses（?

）,Splatterdashes,Spats）

Legcoveringsofleatherorclothstretchingupfromthefeet（tothewaist）,withastrappassingundertheshoe.TherearepicturesofmedievalpeasantswearingwhatlookverymuchlikeWWI&IIcanvasarmyleggings.

Loafer

Seeslip-on.

Moccasin（HudskoorHideshoe）

SeeRivelin.

Monk

Apuritanical-lookingshoe,asitsnamesuggests.Itsmoststrikingfeatureisthefactthatitsquartersarefastenedtogetherwithabuckle,oreventwo,anditisoftenrichlydecorated.Itowesitselegancetoitslongvamp.[Vass]

Mukluk

AnInuittermdenotingasoftleather,heelessshoewithafabricleggingattached.ThelowerportionisoftenmadefromSealskinorWalrushide,whiletheleggingsaremadeofca