完整word版航空发动机术语.docx

完整word版航空发动机术语.docx

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完整word版航空发动机术语

Accelerationlag--

intheturbineengine,delaybetweenthetimeinstantpowerisrequestedandwhenpowerisavailable.Thetimeittakestheenginetoaccelerateandgivetherequiredpowerincrease.

Aerodynamicdrag--

forcewhichthrustmustovercometomoveanaircraftforward.Designcanlessonaerodynamicdragthroughstreamlining.Dragincreaseswithincreasedspeed.

Airbleedactuator--

devicethatoperatestheinterstagebleedsystem,toimprovecompressoraccelerationcharacteristicsbyunloadingsmallamountsofcompressedair.

Airdensity--

totalmassofairpergivenvolume,theweightofagivenvolumeofair.Airisdenseratloweraltitude,atlowertemperature,andlowerhumidity.

Airfoilprofile--

outlineofanairfoilsection.

Airfoilsection--

crosssectionofanairfoilparalleltoaspecificreferenceplane.

Air-fuelratio--

Idealmixtureof15partsofairto1partoffuelbyweight;themixturetobeburnedinthecombustionchamber.

Airinlet--

large,smoothaluminumormagnesiumductatmouthofenginewhichconductsairintothecompressorwithminimumturbulenceandrestriction.

Aluminumalloy--

anyofavarietyofalloysformedbycombiningcommerciallypurealuminumwithothermetalsormaterialssuchascopper,silicon,manganese,magnesium,andzinc.Thesealloyingagentsmaybeaddedsinglyorincombinationtoproduceametalwithdesiredcharacteristicsorstrength,heatresistance,corrosionresistance,andthelike.Bothwrought-andcast-aluminumalloysarewidelyusedinthemanufactureofrotorbladesandaircraftpropellers.

Ambient--

conditionofatmosphereexistingaroundtheengine,suchasambientpressureortemperature.

Annularcombustionchamber--

two-partcombustionchambermadeupofanannularlinerandahousingassembly.Thecompressedairgoesintoaring-shapedspaceformedbytheannularlineraroundtheturbineshaftratherthanintoindividualcombustionchambers.Thespacebetweentheouterlinerwallandthehousingassemblyallowstheflowofcoolingair.Usedwithaxial-flowanddualcompressors.

Annularreverse-flowengine--

typeofgasturbineenginemostcommonlyusedinArmyaircraft.Airflowdirectionisreversedinthecombustionarea.

Anti-icingsystem--

devicethatsupplieshotairunderpressuretopreventicingoftheinlethousingareasandinletguidevanes.Hotscavengedoilisalsocirculatedthroughinternalpassagesinthewallsandstruts.

ArmySpectrometricOilAnalysisProgram（ASOAP）--

periodicoilanalysisformicroscopicmetalparticles.Thistakesplaceatanoilanalysislaboratory.

Atmosphericpressure--

barometricpressureexertedbytheatmosphereasaresultofgravitationalattractionabovethepointinquestion.

Atomizer--

nozzlethatcreatesminuteparticlesandaccuratelyshapedsprayoffuelsuitableforrapidmixingandcombustion.

Axial-flowcompressor--

oneinwhichtheairiscompressedparalleltotheaxisoftheengine.Itismadeupofaseriesofalternatingrotorandstatorvanestages.

Bending--

combinationoftensionandcompression.Theinsidecurveisundercompression;theoutsideisundertension.

Bleedsystem--

devicethatunloadssmallamountsofairtorelievepressure.

Boss--

raisedrimaroundahole;e.g.,axleholeinawheel.Circularprojectiononacasting,usuallyservingastheseatforaboltheadornut.

Braytoncycle--

constantpressurecycle,withfourbasicoperationswhichitaccomplishessimultaneouslyandcontinuouslyforanuninterruptedflowofpower.Theturbineengineoperatesonthiscycle.

Camber--

thecurvatureofanairfoil'ssurfacesfromthechordline.Itmaybepositive,negative,orzero.

Can-annularcombustionchamber--

onewithcharacteristicsofboththeannulartypes.Ithasanoutershellandanumberofindividualcylindricalliners.

Cancombustionchamber--

onemadeupofindividualcombustionchambersinwhichtheairfromthecompressorenterseachindividualchamberthroughtheadapter.

Centerofpressure--

aerodynamiccenterofanairfoil;thepointwhereallforcesact.

Centrifugalaxial-flowcompressor--

combinationofthecentrifugal-flowandtheaxial-flowcompressor.Itusuallyconsistsofafive-orseven-stageaxial-flowcompressorandonecentrifugal-flowcompressor.Alsocalledthedualcompressor.

Centrifugal-flowcompressor--

onewithanimpeller（rotor）,stator,andcompressormanifold.Therotorrevolvesathighspeeddrawingairintotheblades.Centrifugalforceacceleratestheair,anditmovesthroughthestatorandthroughthemanifold.

Centrifugaltwistingmovement--

forcethattendstostreamlinerotatingbladeswiththeplaneofrotation.

Chokednozzle--

anozzlewhoseflowratehasreachedthespeedofsound.

Chordline--

imaginarylinedrawnbetweentheleadingandtrailingedgesofanairfoil.

Combustion--

processofburningthefuel-airmixtureinagasturbineengine.

Combustionchamber--

partofaturbineengineinwhichthepropulsivepowerisdevelopedbycombustionoftheinjectedfuelandtheexpansiveforceoftheresultinggases.

Combustionchamberliner--

enginepartusuallyconstructedofweldedhigh-nickelsteel,subjectedtoflameofextremelyhightemperature.Itisbehindthecompressorandreceivesthecompressedairwhichismixedwithfuelandignited.Thecombustoriswherethecombustiontakesplace.

Compressibilityeffects--

thephenomenonencounteredatextremelyhighspeeds（nearthespeedofsound）whenairceasestoflowsmoothlyoverthewings（orblade）andpilesupagainsttheleadingedge,causingextremebuffetingandothereffects.

Compressor--

thatsectionofanenginethatproducesanincreaseinairpressure.Itismadeupofrotatingandstationaryvaneassemblies.Itisthegasproducer,oritmaybethoughtofasanairpump.

Compressorrotor--

impeller,maybethoughtofasanairpump.Itacceleratestheairrearwardintothefirststagevaneassemblies.

Compressorstall--

separationoftheairflowfromthesuctionsurfaceofthefreedorrotatingbladesofacompressor.Anydegreeofstallreducesairflow.

Concave--

pressuresideofanairfoil.

Conduction--

transferofheatthroughmaterialbycommunicationofkineticenergyfromparticletoparticleratherthanbyaflowofheatedmaterial.

Convergentarea--

placewherethecross-sectionalareaofaductbecomessmaller.

Convergentexhaustduct--

ductusedonfixed-wingaircraft;formedbytaperingtowardtherearoftheduct.

Convex--

suctionsideofanairfoil.

Crossovertube--

ductcarryingflametotheindividualcylindricallinersofthecan-annularcombustionchamber.

Diffuser--

aftstructuralmemberofanengine.Itreceiveshighvelocityairfromthecentrifugalimpelleranddecreasesvelocityandincreasesairpressure.Inthecombustor,adiffuserformsadivergentflowpathfortheexhaustgases.

Diffusion--

processbywhichgasesintermingleastheresultoftheirspontaneousmovementcausedbythermalagitation.

Directionalreferences--

specificdefinitionsoftermsreferringtogasturbineenginestoidentifyfrontandrear,rightandleft,bottomandtop.

Divergentarea--

placewhereairflowsfromasmallerintoalargerarea.

Divergentexhaustduct--

usedonhelicopter.Devicetodiffusetheexhaustgasesrearwardandtoeliminatethrust.

Dragparasite--

dragcausedbyanymemberorstructurewhichdoesnotcontributetolift,suchasenginecowlings.

Dragprofile--

frictionresistanceproducedbyamembermovingthroughtheair;insimpleterms,the"stickness"ofairagainstthesurfaceofanairfoil.

Dry-cleaningsolvent--

cleaningcompoundthatmaybeusedforallmetalparts.

Dry-sumpengine--

oneinwhichtheoilisstoredseparatefromtheengine.

Dualcompressor--

seecentrifugal-flow,axial-flowcompressor.

Duplexnozzle--

dual-orificechannelthroughwhichhighlyatomizedandaccuratelyshapedspraysoffuelgointothecombustionchamber.

Dynamicload--

loadonanaircraftduetoadynamicforce.

Effectiveangleofattack--

thatpartofagivenangleofattackthatliesbetweenthechordofanairfoilandalinerepresentingtheresultantvelocityofthedisturberairflow.

Endplay--

longitudinalback-and-forthplayofashaft.

Engineairflowpath--

routeoftheairflowthroughtheengine.

Engineoilpressureindicatingsystem--

devicethatgivescontinuousreadingsofengineoilpumppressureinpsi.

Engineoiltemperatureindicatingsystem--

deviceelectricallyconnectedtothe28VDCsystemwhichtransmitstemperaturereadingstotheindicatorindegreescentigrade.

Enginespeednotation--

thecapitalletterN,whichrepresentstherotationalspeedoftheengine.WhenanumberisplacedaftertheN（asin"N1"）,itindicatesaspecificsystemontheengine.

Enginestations--

specificlocationsontheenginedesignatingtemperatureorpressure-measuringlocations.Forexample,T3meansthethirdtemperaturepickupontheengine.

Enginesurge--

resultofcompressorstall.Thecompleteengineinstall.

Exhaust--

hotgasesdischargedfromtheenginethroughtheexhaustdiffusersection.

Exhaustdiffuser--

sectioncomposedofaninnerandouterhousing,separatedbyhollowstrutsacrosstheexhaustpassage.Itformsadivergentflowpathfortheexhaustgases.

Exhaustgastemperatureindicator--

sensitivemillivoltmetercalibratedindegreecentigrade,activatedbyanelectricalforcegeneratedbyitsthermocouple.

Feedback--

relaythroughthecontrolsofaerodynamic