完整word版航空发动机术语.docx
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完整word版航空发动机术语
Accelerationlag--
intheturbineengine,delaybetweenthetimeinstantpowerisrequestedandwhenpowerisavailable.Thetimeittakestheenginetoaccelerateandgivetherequiredpowerincrease.
Aerodynamicdrag--
forcewhichthrustmustovercometomoveanaircraftforward.Designcanlessonaerodynamicdragthroughstreamlining.Dragincreaseswithincreasedspeed.
Airbleedactuator--
devicethatoperatestheinterstagebleedsystem,toimprovecompressoraccelerationcharacteristicsbyunloadingsmallamountsofcompressedair.
Airdensity--
totalmassofairpergivenvolume,theweightofagivenvolumeofair.Airisdenseratloweraltitude,atlowertemperature,andlowerhumidity.
Airfoilprofile--
outlineofanairfoilsection.
Airfoilsection--
crosssectionofanairfoilparalleltoaspecificreferenceplane.
Air-fuelratio--
Idealmixtureof15partsofairto1partoffuelbyweight;themixturetobeburnedinthecombustionchamber.
Airinlet--
large,smoothaluminumormagnesiumductatmouthofenginewhichconductsairintothecompressorwithminimumturbulenceandrestriction.
Aluminumalloy--
anyofavarietyofalloysformedbycombiningcommerciallypurealuminumwithothermetalsormaterialssuchascopper,silicon,manganese,magnesium,andzinc.Thesealloyingagentsmaybeaddedsinglyorincombinationtoproduceametalwithdesiredcharacteristicsorstrength,heatresistance,corrosionresistance,andthelike.Bothwrought-andcast-aluminumalloysarewidelyusedinthemanufactureofrotorbladesandaircraftpropellers.
Ambient--
conditionofatmosphereexistingaroundtheengine,suchasambientpressureortemperature.
Annularcombustionchamber--
two-partcombustionchambermadeupofanannularlinerandahousingassembly.Thecompressedairgoesintoaring-shapedspaceformedbytheannularlineraroundtheturbineshaftratherthanintoindividualcombustionchambers.Thespacebetweentheouterlinerwallandthehousingassemblyallowstheflowofcoolingair.Usedwithaxial-flowanddualcompressors.
Annularreverse-flowengine--
typeofgasturbineenginemostcommonlyusedinArmyaircraft.Airflowdirectionisreversedinthecombustionarea.
Anti-icingsystem--
devicethatsupplieshotairunderpressuretopreventicingoftheinlethousingareasandinletguidevanes.Hotscavengedoilisalsocirculatedthroughinternalpassagesinthewallsandstruts.
ArmySpectrometricOilAnalysisProgram(ASOAP)--
periodicoilanalysisformicroscopicmetalparticles.Thistakesplaceatanoilanalysislaboratory.
Atmosphericpressure--
barometricpressureexertedbytheatmosphereasaresultofgravitationalattractionabovethepointinquestion.
Atomizer--
nozzlethatcreatesminuteparticlesandaccuratelyshapedsprayoffuelsuitableforrapidmixingandcombustion.
Axial-flowcompressor--
oneinwhichtheairiscompressedparalleltotheaxisoftheengine.Itismadeupofaseriesofalternatingrotorandstatorvanestages.
Bending--
combinationoftensionandcompression.Theinsidecurveisundercompression;theoutsideisundertension.
Bleedsystem--
devicethatunloadssmallamountsofairtorelievepressure.
Boss--
raisedrimaroundahole;e.g.,axleholeinawheel.Circularprojectiononacasting,usuallyservingastheseatforaboltheadornut.
Braytoncycle--
constantpressurecycle,withfourbasicoperationswhichitaccomplishessimultaneouslyandcontinuouslyforanuninterruptedflowofpower.Theturbineengineoperatesonthiscycle.
Camber--
thecurvatureofanairfoil'ssurfacesfromthechordline.Itmaybepositive,negative,orzero.
Can-annularcombustionchamber--
onewithcharacteristicsofboththeannulartypes.Ithasanoutershellandanumberofindividualcylindricalliners.
Cancombustionchamber--
onemadeupofindividualcombustionchambersinwhichtheairfromthecompressorenterseachindividualchamberthroughtheadapter.
Centerofpressure--
aerodynamiccenterofanairfoil;thepointwhereallforcesact.
Centrifugalaxial-flowcompressor--
combinationofthecentrifugal-flowandtheaxial-flowcompressor.Itusuallyconsistsofafive-orseven-stageaxial-flowcompressorandonecentrifugal-flowcompressor.Alsocalledthedualcompressor.
Centrifugal-flowcompressor--
onewithanimpeller(rotor),stator,andcompressormanifold.Therotorrevolvesathighspeeddrawingairintotheblades.Centrifugalforceacceleratestheair,anditmovesthroughthestatorandthroughthemanifold.
Centrifugaltwistingmovement--
forcethattendstostreamlinerotatingbladeswiththeplaneofrotation.
Chokednozzle--
anozzlewhoseflowratehasreachedthespeedofsound.
Chordline--
imaginarylinedrawnbetweentheleadingandtrailingedgesofanairfoil.
Combustion--
processofburningthefuel-airmixtureinagasturbineengine.
Combustionchamber--
partofaturbineengineinwhichthepropulsivepowerisdevelopedbycombustionoftheinjectedfuelandtheexpansiveforceoftheresultinggases.
Combustionchamberliner--
enginepartusuallyconstructedofweldedhigh-nickelsteel,subjectedtoflameofextremelyhightemperature.Itisbehindthecompressorandreceivesthecompressedairwhichismixedwithfuelandignited.Thecombustoriswherethecombustiontakesplace.
Compressibilityeffects--
thephenomenonencounteredatextremelyhighspeeds(nearthespeedofsound)whenairceasestoflowsmoothlyoverthewings(orblade)andpilesupagainsttheleadingedge,causingextremebuffetingandothereffects.
Compressor--
thatsectionofanenginethatproducesanincreaseinairpressure.Itismadeupofrotatingandstationaryvaneassemblies.Itisthegasproducer,oritmaybethoughtofasanairpump.
Compressorrotor--
impeller,maybethoughtofasanairpump.Itacceleratestheairrearwardintothefirststagevaneassemblies.
Compressorstall--
separationoftheairflowfromthesuctionsurfaceofthefreedorrotatingbladesofacompressor.Anydegreeofstallreducesairflow.
Concave--
pressuresideofanairfoil.
Conduction--
transferofheatthroughmaterialbycommunicationofkineticenergyfromparticletoparticleratherthanbyaflowofheatedmaterial.
Convergentarea--
placewherethecross-sectionalareaofaductbecomessmaller.
Convergentexhaustduct--
ductusedonfixed-wingaircraft;formedbytaperingtowardtherearoftheduct.
Convex--
suctionsideofanairfoil.
Crossovertube--
ductcarryingflametotheindividualcylindricallinersofthecan-annularcombustionchamber.
Diffuser--
aftstructuralmemberofanengine.Itreceiveshighvelocityairfromthecentrifugalimpelleranddecreasesvelocityandincreasesairpressure.Inthecombustor,adiffuserformsadivergentflowpathfortheexhaustgases.
Diffusion--
processbywhichgasesintermingleastheresultoftheirspontaneousmovementcausedbythermalagitation.
Directionalreferences--
specificdefinitionsoftermsreferringtogasturbineenginestoidentifyfrontandrear,rightandleft,bottomandtop.
Divergentarea--
placewhereairflowsfromasmallerintoalargerarea.
Divergentexhaustduct--
usedonhelicopter.Devicetodiffusetheexhaustgasesrearwardandtoeliminatethrust.
Dragparasite--
dragcausedbyanymemberorstructurewhichdoesnotcontributetolift,suchasenginecowlings.
Dragprofile--
frictionresistanceproducedbyamembermovingthroughtheair;insimpleterms,the"stickness"ofairagainstthesurfaceofanairfoil.
Dry-cleaningsolvent--
cleaningcompoundthatmaybeusedforallmetalparts.
Dry-sumpengine--
oneinwhichtheoilisstoredseparatefromtheengine.
Dualcompressor--
seecentrifugal-flow,axial-flowcompressor.
Duplexnozzle--
dual-orificechannelthroughwhichhighlyatomizedandaccuratelyshapedspraysoffuelgointothecombustionchamber.
Dynamicload--
loadonanaircraftduetoadynamicforce.
Effectiveangleofattack--
thatpartofagivenangleofattackthatliesbetweenthechordofanairfoilandalinerepresentingtheresultantvelocityofthedisturberairflow.
Endplay--
longitudinalback-and-forthplayofashaft.
Engineairflowpath--
routeoftheairflowthroughtheengine.
Engineoilpressureindicatingsystem--
devicethatgivescontinuousreadingsofengineoilpumppressureinpsi.
Engineoiltemperatureindicatingsystem--
deviceelectricallyconnectedtothe28VDCsystemwhichtransmitstemperaturereadingstotheindicatorindegreescentigrade.
Enginespeednotation--
thecapitalletterN,whichrepresentstherotationalspeedoftheengine.WhenanumberisplacedaftertheN(asin"N1"),itindicatesaspecificsystemontheengine.
Enginestations--
specificlocationsontheenginedesignatingtemperatureorpressure-measuringlocations.Forexample,T3meansthethirdtemperaturepickupontheengine.
Enginesurge--
resultofcompressorstall.Thecompleteengineinstall.
Exhaust--
hotgasesdischargedfromtheenginethroughtheexhaustdiffusersection.
Exhaustdiffuser--
sectioncomposedofaninnerandouterhousing,separatedbyhollowstrutsacrosstheexhaustpassage.Itformsadivergentflowpathfortheexhaustgases.
Exhaustgastemperatureindicator--
sensitivemillivoltmetercalibratedindegreecentigrade,activatedbyanelectricalforcegeneratedbyitsthermocouple.
Feedback--
relaythroughthecontrolsofaerodynamic