最新 高考英语 阅读理解专题练习附答案 3.docx

最新 高考英语 阅读理解专题练习附答案 3.docx

《最新 高考英语 阅读理解专题练习附答案 3.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《最新 高考英语 阅读理解专题练习附答案 3.docx（113页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

最新高考英语阅读理解专题练习附答案3

最新高考英语阅读理解专题练习（附答案）

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   AstudypublishedinthejournalSciencerevealsthatsince1970,birdpopulationsintheUnitedStatesandCanadahavedeclinedby29percent,oralmost3billionbirds.Theresultsshowtremendouslossesacrossdiversegroupsofbirdsandhabitats-fromiconicsongsterssuchasmeadowlarkstolong-distancemigrantssuchasswallows.

   "Thesedataareconsistentwithwhatwe'reseeingelsewhere,"saidcoauthorPeterMarra,formerheadoftheSmithsonianMigratoryBirdCenter.It'surgenttoaddressongoingthreats,bothbecausethedominoeffects（多米诺效应）canleadtothedecayofecosystemsthathumansdependonforourownhealthandlivelihoodsandbecausepeopleallovertheworldcherishbirdsintheirownright.Canyouimagineaworldwithoutbirdsong?

"

   Evidenceforthedeclinesemergedfromdetectionofmigratorybirdsintheairfrom143NEXRADweatherradarstationsacrossthecontinentinaperiodspanningover10yearsaswellasfromnearly50yearsofdatacollectedthroughmultiplemonitoringeffortsontheground.Citizen-scienceparticipantsalsocontributedalot,fortheanalysisincludedcitizen-sciencedatafromtheNorthAmericanBreedingBirdSurveycoordinatedbytheCanadianWildlifeService-themainsourcesoflong-term,large-scalepopulationdataforNorthAmericanbirds.

   Thestudynotedthatthelargestfactordrivingthesedeclinesislikelythewidespreadlossanddegradationofhabitat,especiallyduetoagriculturalintensificationandurbanization.Otherstudieshavedocumenteddeathfrompredation（捕食）bydomesticcats;collisionswithglass,buildings,andotherstructures;andpervasive（普遍的）useofpesticidesassociatedwithwidespreaddeclinesininsects,anessentialfoodsourceforbirds.Climatechangeisexpectedtocompoundthesechallengesbyalteringhabitatsandthreateningplantcommunitiesthatbirdsneedtosurvive.

   "It'sawake-upcallthatwe'velostmorethanaquarterofourbirdsintheU.S.andCanada,"saidcoauthorAdamSmithfromEnvironmentandClimateChangeCanada.Butthecrisisreachesfarbeyondourindividualborders.ManyofthebirdsthatbreedinCanadianbackyardsmigratethroughorspendthewinterintheU.S.andplacesfarthersouth-fromMexicoandtheCaribbeantoCentralandSouthAmerica.Whatourbirdsneednowisanhistoric,hemisphericeffortthatunitespeopleandorganizationswithonecommongoal:

bringingourbirdsback.

（1）Theunderlinedword"decay"inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto____.

A.improvement

B.worsening

C.changed

D.threat

（2）WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?

A.Newfindingsoftheresearch.

B.Applicationsoftheresearch.

C.Datasourcesoftheresearch.

D.Methodsoftheresearch.

（3）WhatAdamSmithsaidmainlyimpliesthat___________.

A.birdpopulationsinAmericaandCanadadroppedbyaquarter

B.thebirdpopulationcrisisisnotjustwithinindividualborders

C.thereislittleindividualscandotohelpincreasebirdpopulations

D.thesolutiontosolvingthecrisisneedsinternationalcooperation

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。

发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究显示，美国和加拿大的鸟类数量已经下降了，鸟类和栖息地都遭受了巨大的损失，作者根据研究数据来说明解决这些问题迫在眉睫，需要全人类共同努力拯救鸟类。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“It'surgenttoaddressongoingthreats,bothbecausethedominoeffects（多米诺效应）canleadtothedecayofecosystemsthathumansdependonforourownhealthandlivelihoods”可知，解决持续的威胁迫在眉睫，人类依赖生态系统以生存和保持健康，这里的威胁指多米诺效应会破坏人们的生态系统，可以判断多米诺效应会让生态系统恶化，故选B。

（2）考查段落大意。

根据第三段“在过去10年中，在整个非洲大陆143个天气雷达站对候鸟的探测，以及通过在当地进行的多次监测工作收集到的近50年的数据......公民科学参与者也做出了很大贡献，分析北美繁殖鸟类调查数据，这是北美鸟类长期、大规模数据的主要来源。

”可知，本段主要介绍了研究的数据来源，故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Whatourbirdsneednowisanhistoric,hemisphericeffortthatunitespeopleandorganizationswithonecommongoal:

bringingourbirdsback.”可知，鸟类现在需要的是一项历史性的、半球性的努力，把人们和组织团结起来实现一个共同目标：

把鸟类带回来，所以解决这个危机需要国际合作，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及段落大意，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道。

考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   "Whensomeoneisrudetoyou,itcanputyouinabadmood.Itmayevenleadyoutoberudetosomeoneelse,creatingachainofrudeness.Infact,thistroublingchainmayevenbecausedbysimplyseeingsomeoneberudetoanotherperson.Youdon'tevenhavetobethetargetofthehadbehavior,"statedaresearcher.

   Theresearchersworkedwith81persons,withoccupationsrangingfromsecuritytobusinesstomedicine,whowereaskedtocompleteonlinesurveysovera10-dayperiod.Participantsrecordedtheirmoodswhentheywokeup;andintheevening,theydescribedtheirexperiencesoverthecourseofthatday.

   Eachmorningtheparticipantsalsoviewedashortvideo,describingworkplaceinteractionofsomekind.Halfofthemornings,thevideoincludedsomekindofrudenesswhiletheotherhalfhadsomekindofwarminteractionintheworkplace.Rudenesswasconveyedthroughvariousmeans,includingalackofeyecontactorunpleasantlanguage.

   Participantswhowatchedtherudenessvideosreportedseeingorexperiencingrudenessduringtheday,andtheywerealsomorelikelytoescapefromfellowemployeestoavoidbeingthevictimsofrudenessthemselves.Theyreportedtheiroverallworksufferedthatdayasaresult.

   Notallparticipantswereaffectedbytherudenessvideos,however.Afewweeksbeforethestudybegan,theparticipantscompletedanevaluationthatmeasuredtheirself-confidenceandemotionalstabilityamongotherthings.Theparticipantswhoscoredhigheronthisevaluationweresignificantlylesslikelytobeinfluencedbytherudeness.

   Consequently,oneoftheresearchersrecommendedthatcompanieshiremanagerswhocanlimitexposuretorudeness,provideplentyofpositivereinforcement（强化）andbuildacivilworkplaceenvironment.This,inturn,couldhelpemployeesbuildtheirconfidencelevelsandhelpthembetterhandleworkplacerudeness.

（1）WhatisParagraph1intendedtoshow?

A. Thepopularityofrudeness.                             B. Aregularcauseofrudeness.

C. Anewfindingaboutrudeness.                       

D. Thecommondisadvantageofrudeness.

（2）Whyaretheshortvideosplayedfortheparticipants?

A. Tomakethemspreadrudeness.

B. Toeducatethemonworkplaceinteraction.

C. Toexposethemtovariousaspectsofrudeness.

D. Toteachthemhowtouserightbodylanguages.

（3）Whatistheprobableeffectofwatchingthevideosonsomeparticipants?

A. Beingunwillingtowork.                                 

B. Poorabilitytodotheirwork.

C. Seriousemotionalsufferings.                          D. Lessinteractionwithothers.

（4）Whomaynotbeaffectedbytherudenessvideos?

A.Peoplepositiveandkindtothemselves.

B.Peoplekeepingcalminstressfulsituations.

C.Peopleowningconfidenceinothers'ability.

D.Peopleparticipatingintherudenessexperiment.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）C

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明，关于“无礼”行为作为一种“传染性”行为是可以避免的。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Youdon'tevenhavetobethetargetofthebadbehavior”你甚至不必成为不良行为的目标，可知，第一段前半部分在描述了这种无礼行为的“传染性”之后，是在引出一项关于这种行为的新发现。

故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Eachmorningtheparticipantsalsoviewedashortvideo,describingworkplaceinteractionofsomekind.”每天早上，参与者还观看了一段描述某种工作场所互动的短视频；第四段中的“Participantswhowatchedtherudenessvideosreportedseeingorexperiencingrudenessduringtheday…”观看了无礼视频的参与者报告称，他们在白天看到或经历了无礼行为……和第五段中的“Notallparticipantswereaffectedbytherudenessvideos,however.”然而，并不是所有的参与者都受到了粗鲁视频的影响。

可知，让参与者观看视频是为了让他们受到更多的影响而研究他们的情绪变化。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“Participantswhowatchedtherudenessvideosreportedseeingorexperiencingrudenessduringtheday,andtheywerealsomorelikelytoescapefromfellowemployeestoavoidbeingthevictimsofrudenessthemselves.Theyreportedtheiroverallworksufferedthatdayasaresult.”观看了无礼视频的参与者报告称，他们在白天看到或经历了无礼行为，而且他们也更有可能逃离同事，以免自己成为无礼行为的受害者。

他们报告说，他们的整体工作因此受到影响。

可知，一些参与者在观看视频之后会逃避与人交流以免成为受影响者。

故选D。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的“Afewweeksbeforethestudybegan,theparticipantscompletedanevaluationthatmeasuredtheirself-confidenceandemotionalstabilityamongotherthings.Theparticipantswhoscoredhigheronthisevaluationweresignificantlylesslikelytobeinfluencedbytherudeness.”在研究开始前几周，参与者完成了一项评估，评估内容包括他们的自信心和情绪稳定性等。

在这项评估中得分较高的参与者受粗鲁行为影响的可能性明显较低。

可知，不易受到影响的人较为冷静沉着。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   AsthePresidentofArielInvestments,Iamoftenaskedhowtocultivate（培养）greenhandstobequalifiedforanewjobwithinashorttime.MymemoriestakemestraightbacktothedayswhenIworkedforJohnW.Rogers.

   Whileincollege,Iworkedasanintern（实习生）atArielInvestments.Astheyoungestgirlofsixkidsfromasinglemom,Ihadverylittleknowledgeofthebusinessworld.WhenIgraduated,Idecidedtoreturntothecompanytoimprovemyself.

   Attheageof22,myperspectivewasgreatlyinfluencedbylunchingwiththecompany'sfounderandthen-president,JohnW.Rogers.HetoldmethatIwouldoftenfindmyselfinthecompanyofrichandsuccessfulpeoplewithbigtitles,lotsofdegreesandlotsofexperience.Andyet,myideascouldstillbeasgoodorevenbetter,hesaid.Thisearlyadvicebecametheguidingforcethathashelpedmethroughoutmyentirecareer.WhenIwasstartingout,Ithoughtmyinexperiencewasholdingmeback,butJohnsaidthatitwasagoodthing.Hetoldmethatbeinginexperiencedmeansthatyouhaveafreshpointofview.

   Asmytutor,Johnencouragedmetobebrave.Asmyboss,hetooksomegiantleapsoffaithtosupportme.Becauseofourfirstlunchandtheyearsofsupportthatfollowed,Ineverthoughttwiceaboutspeakingup,raisingmyhandortakingaseatatthetable.Stayinginthebackgroundwasneverachoice.ButJohn'sadvicecamewithoneimportantwarning.Ineededtokeepmyatti